2种藏茵陈类植物的引种地繁殖系统研究

通过观察、套袋、人工授粉对引种至低海拔栽培地的2种藏茵陈"类植物——川西獐牙菜(Swertia mus-sotii)和抱茎獐牙菜(S.franchetiana)繁育系统进行研究.结果表明:(1)引种的2种植物均为雌雄同株、自交亲和,但大部分花雌雄异熟(dichogamy)和雌雄异位(herkogamy),雌雄同熟的比例为24%,且雌雄同熟的雄蕊群远离雌蕊,需要靠传粉昆虫等传粉媒介传粉.(2)引种到低海拔的2种藏茵陈"类植物结实率和发芽率均较高,其中川西獐牙菜柱头张开第2天的授粉结实率达76.54%,种子发芽率达84.29%.(3)低海拔栽培的川西獐牙菜的传粉昆虫是家养蜜蜂,抱茎獐牙菜的开花时间较川西獐牙菜晚20 d,有效的传粉昆虫由家养蜜蜂变成一种很小的蜂类.研究表明,川西獐牙菜和抱茎獐牙菜由高海拔引种到低海拔地区后,结实率和种子发芽率均较高,可以用引种栽培的方式进行藏茵陈"药材的繁殖.     

獐牙菜属生药形态组织学的研究Ⅰ.

作者较系统地研究了国产獐牙菜属生药和形态组织学特征。对其进行了详细描述并给出了性状鉴别和显微鉴别的检索表、比较表以及组织特征图。首次测量了叶的栅表比、气孔指数与气孔数。研究结果为该类生药的准确鉴定、质量评价及资源的开发利用提供了详实的科学依据。本文首先报告其中的5种,即:獐牙菜Swertia bimaculata;西南獐牙菜S. cmcta;狭叶獐牙菜S. angustifolia;紫红獐牙菜S.punicea;以及显脉獐牙菜S. neruosa。     

7种獐牙菜属药用植物形态组织学研究

本文报道了水灵芝(Swertia davidii Franch)、双斑獐牙菜(S.bimaculata(S.et Z.)HK.f.Thoms)、江浙獐牙菜(S.hickinii Burk)、贵州獐牙菜(S.koui-tchensis Franch)、大籽獐牙菜(S.macrosperma C.B.Clarke)、翼梗獐牙菜(S.nervosa Wall)、紫红獐牙菜(S.punicea Hemsl.)等7种獐牙菜属药用植物的药材性状、根茎叶的显微构造和解离组织及粉末特征,为合理开发和利用这一药物资源提供了鉴别依据,也为獐牙菜属植物的形态组织学研究提供了有价值的资料。     

“藏茵陈”——川西獐牙菜的大孢子发生及雌配子体发育

首次报道了藏茵陈川西獐牙菜的大孢子发生及雌配子体发育。川西獐牙菜为倒生胚珠 ,薄珠心 ,单珠被 ,线形大孢子四分体 ,胚囊发育为蓼型 ,反足细胞分裂为 5～ 8个 ,宿存 ,每个细胞均异常膨大 ,并多核。反足细胞在龙胆科一些一年生高山植物中的宿存和分裂具有重要的生殖适应和进化意义 ,这对于这些植物在青藏高原严酷的自然环境下 ,在短时间内完成其生活史是非常重要的     

7种獐牙菜属植物花粉形态的研究

本文应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对龙胆科(Gentianaceae)獐牙菜属(Swertia L.)7种植物(獐牙菜Swertia bimaculata(S.et z.)HK.f.Thoms.、水灵芝S.davidii Franch.、江浙獐牙菜S.hickinii Burkill.、贵州獐牙菜S.kouitchensisFranch.、大籽獐牙菜S.macrosperma C.B.Clarke.、翼梗獐牙菜S.nervosa Wall.、紫红獐牙菜S.punicea Hemsl.)的花粉形态作了比较观察,找出了它们的鉴别特征,阐明了獐牙菜属植物花粉的外壁外层表面纹饰的三种类型为条纹—网状、网状和瘤状雕纹。     

人工栽培与野生种抱茎獐牙菜矿物元素和氨基酸对比分析

抱茎獐牙菜又称藏茵陈,是藏药中常用草药,广泛应用于肝胆疾病的治疗。近年来,为满足日益增加的需求量,发展了人工栽培抱茎獐牙菜,研究比较人工栽培与野生抱茎獐牙菜之间的各种成分含量,对人工栽培抱茎獐牙菜替代野生抱茎獐牙菜用药有重要意义。本文对人工栽培及野生抱茎獐牙菜的矿物元素及氨基酸进行测定比较发现,人工栽培抱茎獐牙菜的矿物元素绝大多数比野生抱茎獐牙菜含量高,人工栽培抱茎獐牙菜氨基酸大多比野生抱茎獐牙菜含量高。     

几种化学药剂对川西獐牙菜种子萌发的影响

川西獐牙菜(Swertia mussotii)属龙胆科(Gentianaceae)一年生草本植物,为高寒藏药,藏名蒂达,产于青海海拔3 600～3 800 m的高寒地区.植物以全草入药,有清热解毒、舒肝利胆之功效,专治黄疸性肝炎和病毒性肝炎.目前,川西獐牙菜仍处于野生状态,其野生资源远远不能满足医药生产和外贸出口的需求.     

显脉獐牙菜的单萜环烯醚甙

近年来,肝炎发病率高,青叶胆(Swertia mileensis)因此被大量采挖,野生青叶胆资源逐年减少。为发掘新药源,我们对云南产狭叶獐牙菜(S.angustifolia)和显脉獐牙菜(S.nervasa)的化学成分进行了研究。本文报道从中分离鉴定的4个单萜环烯醚甙Ⅰ—Ⅳ。Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别为维哥罗甙(vegeloside)、獐牙菜甙(sweroside)和獐牙菜苦甙(swertiamarin),Ⅱ是Ⅰ的同分异构体,命名为显脉獐牙菜甙(nervoside)。显脉獐牙菜甙(Ⅱ)白色无定形粉末,味极苦。UVλ-_(max)~(EtOH):243nm(log ε-3.89)。IR v_(max)~(KBr) cm~(-1):3400、1700和1610,显示单萜环烯醚的特征吸收峰显脉獐牙菜;显脉獐牙菜甙;单萜环烯醚甙     

獐芽菜属植物的药用民族植物学研究

獐牙菜属药用植物作为我国传统药物的重要来源之一,有些品种已被纳入卫生部标准藏药和国家中成药标准汇编内科肝胆分册。针对獐牙菜属药用植物的研究现状,本文从药用民族植物学角度对獐芽菜属药用植物资源的种类和分布、民族应用、化学成分、药理作用、临床应用及开发等几个方面进行了分析和总结,探讨獐牙菜属植物资源的开发利用现状并提出一些建议。     

基于ITS和matK序列的獐牙菜亚族 (龙胆科龙胆族)分子系统学

为探讨獐牙菜亚族（subtribe Swertiinae）各属之间和一些属内的系统关系,本研究选取了该亚族14属68种1变种,采用最大简约法（maximum parsimony）和贝叶斯法（Bayesian inference）对样品核基因ITS和叶绿体基因matK的两个片段进行独立和联合分析。结果显示：Bartonia位于亚族的最基部;喉毛花属（Comastoma）、肋柱花属（Lomatogonium）和假龙胆属（Gentianella）都非单系,处于同一个较为进化的分支中;獐牙菜属折皱组（Swertia sect. Rugosa）和獐牙菜组（S. sect. Swertia）亲缘关系最近,宽丝组（S. sect. Platynema）和藏獐牙菜组（S. sect. Kingdon Wardia）亲缘关系最近;口药花属（Jaeschkea）与獐牙菜属多枝组（S. sect. Ophelia）的大籽獐牙菜（Smacrosperma）亲缘关系最近。同时讨论了獐牙菜亚族形态分类与分子数据不一致的原因。     

Isolation and Identification of the Xanthone Constituents from Swertia mussotii Franch

Swertia mussotii Fraeh (Family Gentianaceae) is a herb used as medicine for liver diseases in Tibetan. Its principal antihepatitisic constituents, oleanolic acid and mangiferin, have been reported. The present paper reports eight xanthones obtained from this plant. Their structures have been identified as 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone Ⅰ, 1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone Ⅱ, 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone Ⅲ, 8-hydroxy- 1,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone Ⅳ, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone Ⅴ, 1,7,8-trihydroxy- 3-methoxyxanthone Ⅵ, 1,7-dihydroxy-3,4,8-trimethoxyxanthone Ⅶ, and 1,3,8-trihydro- xy-5-methoxyxanthone Ⅷ. Of them, 1,7-dihydroxy-3,4,8-trimethoxyxanthone is a new natural product.     

胡萝卜与川西獐牙菜不对称体细胞杂种的核/质基因组特征

胡萝卜(Daucus carota var.sativa)原生质体与经260μW/cm2紫外线照射的川西獐牙菜(Swertia mussotii)原生质体用PEG法诱导融合.对融合再生的克隆的5SrDNA间隔序列和RAPD分析结果得知,各再生克隆均存在双亲的核DNA及重组DNA.杂种的核基因组组成以胡萝卜(受体)为主,供体川西獐牙菜DNA谱带较少;UV照射剂量对体细胞杂种核基因组组成没有明显的影响.进一步对再生克隆叶绿体DNA的SSR分析表明,杂种细胞中双亲叶绿体基因组随机分离并发生重组.     

Use of DNA barcode sensu lato to identify traditional Tibetan medicinal plant Gentianopsis paludosa (Gentianaceae)

Gentianopsis paludosa (Hook. f.) Ma (Gentianaceae) is an important species in Tibetan folk medicine commonly used to clear away the "heat evils" and toxic materials. A survey of market samples revealed that nine adulterant species, Gentianopsis barbata, G. contorta, G. grandis, Halenia elliptica, Lomatogonium macranthum, L.rotatum, Swertia angustifolia, S. bifolia and S. erythrosticta, are often marketed as G. paludosa. Methods to distinguish G. paludosa from its adulterants are limited by current morphological and chemical methods. DNA sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was used in the differentiation of G.paludosa from the adulterant species. The data showed that the internal transcribed spacer regions differ significantly between G. paludosa and all nine adulterant species, so that they could be easily distinguished at the DNA level.     

川西獐牙菜SmSLS2基因的克隆、生物信息学及表达分析

裂环马钱子苷合成酶（SLS）是环烯醚萜类化合物合成途径的限速酶。该研究根据川西獐牙菜转录组信息获得SmSLS2基因序列,对该基因进行克隆、生物信息分析、原核表达载体构建及蛋白体外诱导。结果表明SmSLS2 cDNA全长1 566 bp（GenBank编号MH535904）,编码521个氨基酸,推测其蛋白相对分子质量为59.79 kDa,等电点为8.92。结构域分析表明SmSLS2含一个跨膜结构域,SmSLS2的gDNA全长为2 576 bp,含5个外显子和4个内含子。SmSLS2蛋白与其他植物中SLS蛋白具有高度的相似性。进一步将SmSLS2构建到原核表达载体pET-28a-sumo上,转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中,在37℃、0.5 mmol·L^-1 IPTG条件下进行原核表达,诱导出与预测蛋白大小一致的目的蛋白。该研究成功从川西獐牙菜中克隆了SmSLS2,为进一步阐明该基因在环烯醚萜合成途径中的作用和通过基因工程手段改良环烯醚萜类化合物产量提供了理论基础。     

The Glucosides from Swertia mussotii Franch

Swertia mussotii Franch. is a herb used for treatment of liver disease in Qinghai-Tibcran Plateau folk. Further investigation on chemical constituents in aqueous extract of Swertia mussotii Franch. has been reported here. Seven compounds (Ⅰ, Ⅲ–Ⅷ) were achieved except mangiferin (Ⅱ) isolated previously by a chromatograph. They belong in secoiridoids, flavonoids and xanthonoids, respectively. The structures of known compounds were identified as amarogentin(Ⅲ), swertisin(Ⅷ), 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 3, 5-trihydroxyxanthone(Ⅶ) and 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-I, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (Ⅵ). The structures of other three new compounds have been elucidated as 7-O-β-D-xylopy-ranosyl-1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (Ⅳ), 7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-l,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone(Ⅰ)and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosy 1,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (Ⅴ), by means of the chemical and spectral methods. Mangiferin, amarogentin and 7-0- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-l,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone are the principal glucosides in this plant.     

藏药"作毛兴"原植物的资源学研究

对藏医常用植物药"作毛兴"原植物作了本草学考证,产于青藏高原的锦鸡儿属数种植物为药材来源;同时对"作毛兴"原植物的地理分布、群落学特征、资源的现状等进行资源学方面的分析,并对进一步开发利用和保护该类植物资源提出了建议.     

Effect of hepatophyt on the choleretic function of the liver damaged by tetracycline]

In experimental injury of the liver in Wistar-line white rats induced by tetracycline the course therapeutic and prophylatic administration of the dry extract "Hepatophyt" in a dose of 0.1 g/kg inhibits the negative effect of tetracycline and promotes stimulation of choleretic and antitoxic functions of the liver. The dry extract was derived from the herbal mix of the same name, used in the practice of Tibetan medicine against liver diseases.     

The Xanthones of Swertia erythtrosticta Maxim

Swertia erythrosticta Maxim. (Gentianaceae) is a herb used for curing some diseases in Tibetan traditional medicine system. Eight xanthones were isolated from this species. Their structures were identified as 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(Ⅰ), 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (Ⅱ), 1,3,8-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (Ⅲ), 1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (Ⅳ), 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (Ⅴ), 1,3,7,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone(Ⅵ), as well as 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 5-dihydroxy-3 -metho xy xanthone(Ⅶ), 8-O-β-D-gl ucopyr anosyl- 1,3,5- trihydroxyxanthone(Ⅷ) by means of chemical methodes and spectral analyses.