未成熟杏胚离体培养

ImmatureEmbryoCultureofApricotinvitroWANGYuZhu,SHIHons（PomologyandForestInstitute,AgricultureandForestryScienceAcademyofBeijing,Beijing100093）1植物名称杏（Prunusarmeniaca）极早熟品种“骆驼黄”。2材料类别盛花后41、46和57d的未成熟胚。3培养条件培养基为Tukey、SH、Norstog［KNO3160mg／L（单位下同）,Ca（NO3a）2·4H2O290,NaH2PO4·H2O800,Na2SO4200,MgSO4·7H2O730,KCl140,FeC6H5O7（1％）10,H3BO30.5,CuSO4·5H2O0．25,MnSO4·4H2O3,ZnSO4·7H2O0．5,Na2MoO4·2H2O0．…     

花烛的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称花烛（Anthuriumandraeanum）,别名红掌、安祖花。2材料类别叶柄、叶片。3培养条件基本培养基为改良MS[NH4NO3改为412mg·L-1（单位下同）,FeSO4·7H2O改为9．3],简称ZS。诱导愈伤组织培养基：（1）ZS＋6－BA4。芽分化培养基：（2）ZS＋6-BA1＋KT1;（3）ZS＋6-BA2;（4）ZS＋6－BA0．5＋KT0．1;（5）ZS＋6－BA0．5。诱导生根培养基：（6）1／3ZS＋IBA0．5。以上培养基均加0．65％琼脂,3％蔗糖（根培养为2％）,pH5．8～60。培养温度28～30℃,光照度1000～1500lx,光照10～12h·d－1。4生长与分化情况4．1…     

长瓣兜兰的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称长瓣兜兰（Paphiopedilum dianthum Tanget Wang）。2材料类别种子。3培养条件种子萌发培养基：（1）1／2MS＋马铃薯汁100mg·L-1（单位下同）;（2）MS＋马铃薯汁100;（3）1／2MS＋100mL·L-1椰乳;（4）MS＋100mL·L-1椰乳。原球茎继代增殖培养基：（5）1／2MS＋6-BA0．2＋NAA0．5＋100mL·L-1椰孚L;（6）1／2MS＋6-BA0．2＋NAA1．O＋100mL·L-1椰乳。壮苗及生根培养基：（7）1／2MS＋吲哚丁酸（IBA）0．2＋2g·L-1活性炭;（8）1／2MS＋IBA0．4＋2g·L-1活性炭。以上培养基均加2．0％蔗糖和0．6％琼脂,pH5．2。5．4。培养温度为（25±2）℃,光照强度为30-40μmol·m-2·S-1,光照时间为12h．d-1。     

响应面分析优化产木聚糖酶毕赤酵母基因工程菌培养条件

研究不同碳源、氮源和无机盐对毕赤酵母AX181菌株产木聚糖酶的影响。实验表明,分别采用葡萄糖和玉米浆干粉为碳源和氮源可以明显提高木聚糖酶的产量。无机盐单因子优化实验显示添加适量的（NH4）2SO4、KH2PO4、MnSO4·H2O、FeSO4·7H2O也可以部分提高木聚糖酶产量。在此基础上利用响应面法优化毕赤酵母产木聚糖酶培养基,利用12次实验的Plackett—Burman设计实验筛选出影响产木聚糖酶的3个主要因素,即玉米浆干粉、MnSO4·H2O和FeSO4·7H20。并进一步通过最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,采用中心组合实验设计确定最佳条件。优化后的产木聚糖酶培养基组分为（g/L）：葡萄糖40．00,玉米浆干粉80．84,（NH4）2SO46．25,KH2PO41．25、MnSO4·H2O0．35,FeS04-7H2O1．31。培养基优化后,实际产酶2883．86u／mL,是优化前YPD培养基产酶的2．51倍。     

根瘤菌4012a菌株产细胞分裂素发酵条件的研究

用酶标免疫检测法研究了根瘤菌4012a菌株细胞分裂素发酵的适宜培养基和培养条件。结果表明,其最佳培养基为（g／L）：葡萄糖10.0,（NH4）2SO41.0,K2HPO4·3H2O0．6,MgSO4·7H2O0.1,CaCl2·2H2O0.4,FeCI3·6H2O0．04,Na2MoO4·2H2O0．1mg／L,泛酸钙100μg／L,腺漂吟200mg／L。该菌株在150r／min的旋转摇床上27℃振荡培养96h,发酵液中细胞分裂素产量可达908μg／L,生物活性（萝卜子叶扩大法）为1mg／L激动素当量。     

酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌低成本培养基的优化

本文重点在于提高酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌活菌数量,降低发酵培养基成本。通过对发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、生长因子等进行单因素研究,得到最佳培养基组成：可溶性淀粉10/L,豆粕（中性蛋白酶水解3h）20g／L,玉米浆3g／L。用此培养基在37℃培养24h,采用高层半固体琼脂试管法对酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌进行活菌计数,活菌数可达8．2×10^8cfu／mL.培养基中添加K2HPO45g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、MnSO3·H2O0．2g/L培养32h时,酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌芽孢转化率可达95％。     

产酸克雷伯氏杆菌发酵产2，3-丁二醇的培养基优化

采用不同设计方法相结合的策略对耐高糖产酸克雷伯氏杆菌（Klebsiella oxytoca）ME—UD-3-4发酵产2,3-丁二醇的培养基进行优化。首先在单因素实验的基础上采用Plackett—Burrnan设计法对影响ME—UD-3-4发酵产2,3-丁二醇的相关因素进行研究,筛选到3种有显著效应的因素（P〈0．05）：葡萄糖、玉米浆和MgSO4·7H2O。然后利用响应曲面法（Response Surface Methodology,RSM）对这3种因素的最佳水平范围进一步探讨;对得到的回归模型进行分析,得最佳条件（g／L）：葡萄糖220、玉米浆19和MgSO4·7H2O 0．4;在最佳条件下,发酵80h,2,3-丁二醇产量从原来的57．3 g／L提高到86．1 g／L,生产强度由0．72g／（L·h）提高到1．08g/（L·h）。     

木聚糖酶高产菌株Bacillus pumilus H—101的筛选及产酶条件的研究

从34株细菌中筛选到一株木聚糖酶高产菌株BacilluspumilusH－101。适宜的产酶培养基含2．0％小麦秸半纤维素、0．2％（NH4）2SO4、0．1％NH4NO3、0.1％K2HPO4、0．01％MgSO4·7H2O、0.02％NaC1、0.02％CaCl2·2H2O和1.0％的酵母膏。在上述培养基中,32℃振荡培养48h,总半纤维素酶活力达235．6u／ml,木聚精酶活力达1164．2u／ml酶反应的最适温度为50℃,最适酸碱度为pH6．5;Na 、Mg2 等离子可提高木聚精酶的水解活性,而Zn2 、Cu2 等离子则对木聚糖酶活性有明显的抑制作用。     

洋桔梗的组织培养及快速繁殖

1植物名称洋桔梗（Eustomagrandiflorum）2材料类别顶芽、侧芽、带腋芽茎段、茎段、种子。3培养条件起始培养基：（1）MS＋6－BA1．0mg·L－1（单位下同）＋NAA0．02。种子前发培养基：（2）MS＋6－BA0．5＋NAA0·05＋GA0．5。继代培养基：（3）MS＋6－BA0．5＋NAA0．02。生根培养基：（4）1／2MS＋NAA0．08;（5）1／2MS＋NAA0．8。以上培养基中均加入琼脂0．6％,PH为5．8,（1）、（2）、（3）号培养基中附加蔗糖3％,（4）、（5）中附加蔗糖2％。光照度2500～3000IX,每天光照12h,培养温度26±2℃。4生长与分化情况4．…     

响应面法优化产酰胺酶发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母（Trichosporon asahii）ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化。运用单N子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca^2＋、Mn^2＋可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box—Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18．84g／L、酵母浸膏9．55g／L、NaC15g／L、KH2PO41g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、FeS040．001g／L、CaC0370．84μmol／L、MnS0465．39肚mo[／L（1％丙烯酸诱导）,NH4·H2O调节pH至7．0。培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U／L提高到4156U／L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1．63倍。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.