红火蚁克星对入侵红火蚁的防治效果

经过一年来的野外试验,结果表明红火蚁克星对红火蚁具有显著的控制效果.施药后4d,红火蚁全巢死亡率达83.33～92.31%,施药后7～10 d全巢死亡.施药后90d和180d监测结果表明,诱测点在6个月内未出现新的蚁巢.     

电场对红火蚁工蚁聚集的影响

为了研究电刺激对红火蚁聚集的影响,本研究通过改变电压、电线裸露程度及电线间距,测定了在不同电场强度下红火蚁工蚁的聚集程度和行为反应。结果表明在不同电压(1.5 V、3 V、6 V)、两根裸露电线不同间距(2 mm、4 mm)条件下,电压6 V、电线间距为2 mm时对红火蚁的吸引效果最强,电线上聚集工蚁最多达59.2头;强电场(电压36 V,电线间距分别为2 mm、4 mm)条件下,电压36 V、电线间距2 mm时电线上聚集工蚁最多达75头;另外,电线裸露程度也显著影响电场对红火蚁的吸引作用。在模拟设备电压(36 V)条件下红火蚁接受电刺激后产生明显的行为反应,表现为身体不断颤抖,在电线周围继续寻找电刺激。     

水浸对红火蚁工蚁死亡率的影响

洪水会使陆生生物,尤其是土栖昆虫,陷入缺氧的困境。红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren一般将蚁巢建在潮湿的地方,使得蚁巢有很大的可能性被洪水冲袭。本文研究了浸水时间以及温度对红火蚁工蚁死亡的影响,包括小型工蚁和大型工蚁在25℃恒定温度下的耐浸水能力以及温度变化对小型工蚁死亡率的影响。结果表明:(1)浸水时间对于红火蚁工蚁的死亡率影响较大。浸水时间越长,工蚁死亡率越高。大型工蚁和小型工蚁对浸水的耐受性存在差异,大型工蚁比小型工蚁具有更强的耐浸水能力。浸水时间(T)和工蚁死亡率(M)关系符合以下模型:小型工蚁M minor=-25.01+4.49T;大型工蚁M m ajor=-26.9+3.96T。(2)温度对于小型工蚁的浸水死亡率影响明显。浸水10 h,小型工蚁死亡率(Y)和温度(X)为开口向上的抛物线关系:Y=115.2-11.88X+0.33X2。在温度X=18.21℃,方程具最小值,死亡率Y=7.04%。     

呋虫胺对红火蚁工蚁的毒杀活性及行为影响

本文研究呋虫胺对红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren中型工蚁的毒杀活性及爬杆能力、抓附能力、行走能力、攻击能力等行为影响。以水试管喂毒法对红火蚁进行试验。结果表明,1 mg/L和5 mg/L呋虫胺处理13 h后,红火蚁中型工蚁校正死亡率分别为55.56%、97.78%,0 mg/L、1 mg/L和5 mg/L呋虫胺处理9 h后,红火蚁中型工蚁爬杆率分别为100.00%、45.56%和7.78%,抓附率分别为100.00%、33.33%和15.56%,行走率为100.00%、42.22%和25.56%,攻击率为100.00%、36.67%和0.00%。呋虫胺对红火蚁中型工蚁具有良好毒杀活性和行为影响,在红火蚁防控上具有良好应用前景。     

入侵红火蚁对脊椎动物的影响研究进展

红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)具有扩散迅速、攻击性强等特点,常对入侵地区造成巨大的生态危害。虽然很多文献报道了红火蚁对无脊椎动物的影响,但红火蚁对脊椎动物影响的研究较少,也缺乏系统的总结。综述了红火蚁对不同脊椎动物类群的影响和主要的研究方法(野外调查、案例分析、实验室评估、比较分析和人工移除红火蚁),以及脊椎动物对红火蚁的行为和生理防御机制。一般而言,红火蚁常以腹部末端的螯针攻击其他动物并释放毒液,可直接捕食、伤害各种脊椎动物的卵、幼体和成体,并影响动物的行为。此外,红火蚁可降低生境内无脊椎动物的丰度,间接影响捕食者的种群数量。尽管红火蚁是陆生生物,但鱼类可能取食掉落在水面的有翅繁殖蚁而中毒,且漂浮于水面的红火蚁蚁筏也可能对鱼类造成威胁。由于两栖类动物通常体型较小,运动能力较弱,且皮肤缺乏角质层与鳞片毛发等结构的保护,极易受到红火蚁的攻击和伤害。对于鸟类和爬行类,红火蚁主要捕食卵和幼体,并干扰成体的筑巢和育幼行为,降低其繁殖成功率。此外,红火蚁对小型哺乳动物的觅食行为和种群数量均可造成负面影响,并可蛰刺伤害牛羊等家畜,对畜牧业造成巨大的经济损失。一些动物对红火蚁具有行为防御,如用附肢蹬掉体表的红火蚁,或避免取食或接触红火蚁。此外,一些动物能对红火蚁的毒素产生抗体,或调整体内荷尔蒙水平以应对红火蚁的攻击。然而,仍不清楚这些行为和生理反应是否普遍存在于其他脊椎动物,以及能在多大程度上保护其免受红火蚁伤害。值得注意的是,几乎所有的相关研究都是由国外研究者完成的,建议我国学者更多的关注红火蚁对我国经济物种、珍稀动物和食蚁物种的影响。     

我国大陆红火蚁入侵扩张趋势长期预测

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是一种严重危害农林业生产、生命健康、公共安全和生态环境的国际性重大外来入侵害虫。2004年9月中国大陆首次发现红火蚁,2021年12月该蚁已入侵了12个省区近500个县区。本研究根据中国大陆红火蚁入侵发生县区数量变化,结合潜在适生区域评价信息,建立了红火蚁入侵县区数量与入侵时间长度间关系模型,并对入侵县区数量变化趋势作出长期预测。当中国大陆红火蚁潜在入侵县区数量上限分别为1 400、1 500和1 600个时,入侵县区数量与入侵时间长度关系模型分别为N=1400/(1+e^{5.4048-0.1784T})、N=1500/(1+e^{5.4335-0.1757T})和N=1600/(1+e^{5.464-0.1734T})。基于以上模型的分析结果显示,我国红火蚁快速扩散传播从2009-2010年开始,快速扩张期可能持续26～28年,年平均新增县区41～52个/年,预测2035-2037年入侵县区数量增长速率将开始减缓,2...     

红火蚁防控药剂使用后对草坪节肢动物群落的影响

【目的】化学防治是目前控制红火蚁Solenopsis invicta为害的最有效的方法。化学药剂在对红火蚁起到良好防效时,也会对发生区的其他节肢动物群落造成一定的影响。本文研究了红火蚁常用防治药剂施用后对红火蚁典型发生区域-草坪生境中节肢动物群落的影响。【方法】使用网捕法和陷阱取样法调查处理和对照区的节肢动物。【结果】调查表明,施用推荐剂量的0.015%多杀菌素饵剂35 g/巢、0.045%茚虫威饵剂5 g/巢、0.096%氟虫腈粉剂30 g/巢和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油2 000倍液后,对草坪上节肢动物群落产生不同的影响。研究发现,在农药处理后,各处理区节肢动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数得到不同程度的提高,在处理后45 d后,多杀菌素饵剂、茚虫威饵剂、氟虫腈粉剂和高效氯氰菊酯乳油处理区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为2.1、2.0、1.8和2.1,显著高于对照区的1.5。通过主成份分析得到施用30 g/巢0.096%氟虫腈粉剂和2 000倍液的高效氯氰菊酯乳油灌巢对节肢动物群落恢复产生一定的负面影响,即造成节肢动物群落中的非靶标生物的死亡。【结果】红火蚁种群在被药剂压制后,各药剂处理区中的生物多样性得到不同程度的恢复;35 g/巢的0.015%多杀菌素饵剂和5 g/巢的0.045%茚虫威饵剂对节肢动物群落相对安全,节肢动物群落相比对照区在防治后表现为物种相对丰富和群落结构稳定。     

全球红火蚁研究状况的文献计量分析

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是一种严重危害农林业生产、生命健康、公共安全和生态环境的重大外来入侵害虫,也是全世界入侵生物学的一个研究热点。为了全面客观地了解近国内外红火蚁研究的发展脉络、变化趋势和研究规律,为从事该害虫研究和利用的学者与决策者提供数据参考,本文从文献计量学角度分析了红火蚁在CNKI数据库和Web of Science数据库中的文献情况。在CNKI数据库中,分析了文献的类型分布、主题、研究层次、年度趋势、来源机构、高贡献作者以及高被引文献和资助基金的情况。在Web of Science数据库中,分析了文献年度趋势、作者的国别和机构、高贡献作者、资助资金以及高被引文献的情况。整体来看,国内的研究侧重红火蚁的入侵防治,技术和方法方面的报道受到同行的重视;而国外方面,则是基础研究成果受到更多传播和引用。     

溴甲烷对红火蚁的熏蒸效果研究

以广东口岸进口原木和废纸上携带的红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren为杀灭对象,测定了溴甲烷对其的熏蒸效果.在空箱内分别按6.01、12.01、22.52、25.53、28.53、31.53、34.53及37.54 g/m3的浓度投药;在实箱内分别按25.53、28.53及31.53 g/m3的浓度投...     

化学防治对绿化带中红火蚁及本地蚂蚁的影响

研究了饵剂、粉剂和灌巢3种不同施药方法对红火蚁的防治效果及对绿化带本地蚂蚁的影响.结果表明:从活动蚁巢和工蚁减退率两项指标来看,粉剂防治绿化带中红火蚁效果快速稳定,可以推广使用;饵剂防治作用较缓慢,处理35d后达到最好的防治效果;而灌巢虽然能在短期内有效地减少活动蚁巢数量,但对工蚁的防效较差,总体上不如粉剂和饵剂.此外,饵剂和粉剂都能显著降低绿化带本地蚂蚁的种类和数量,灌巢则对本地蚂蚁的影响较小.通过分析施药前后各处理区的蚂蚁类群多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数的变化,可以看出各处理区的蚂蚁类群多样性指数,均匀度指数和优势度指数与CK相比,都呈下降趋势,说明化学防治能有效压制红火蚁的数量,但同时也严重影响着本地蚂蚁.     

Developing molecular diagnostics for detection of red imported fire ants using two genes,Sinv11108 and Sinv11977

Aggressive red imported fire ants (RIFAs) are expanding their habitat due to active international trade and global warming. To prevent infestation and settlement, RIFAs must be removed during the quarantine process. Because RIFAs are social insects and have different morphological characteristics depending on their castes, non‐ant taxonomists have difficulty confirming RIFAs based on their morphological characteristics alone. The disadvantages of previously reported RIFA molecular diagnostics are that they require additional steps, such as restriction enzyme digestion followed by agarose gel electrophoresis separation or DNA sequence verification for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified products. To overcome these drawbacks, two RIFA‐specific genes were selected and used to develop diverse PCR‐based RIFA molecular diagnostic techniques. We found that RIFAs could be confirmed by conventional PCR targeting of two RIFA‐specific genes followed by agarose electrophoresis separation. In addition, TaqMan probe real‐time PCR methods had the advantage of confirming RIFAs immediately after the reactions were completed by observing fluorescence indexes. Finally, multiplex PCRs enhanced RIFA specificity and sensitivity. The new molecular diagnostic methods developed in this study had the advantages of reducing false positive and negative results together with high specificity and sensitivity for RIFAs.     

红火蚁及其重要近似种的鉴别

介绍了红火蚁及其重要近似种的分类特征和分布,以及火蚁属中国已知种类,还提供了上述种类的鉴别检索表。     

Integrated pest management concepts for red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Management of imported fire ant species has evolved since their accidental introduction into the United States and currently uses integrated pest management concepts to design, implement, and evaluate suppression programs. Although eradication is the management goal in certain isolated infestation sites, localized goals vary dramatically in larger infestations where reinvasion of treated areas is likely. These goals are influenced by regulatory policies, medical liabilities, ecological impact, and/or economic considerations. Tactics employed in fire ant management programs presented here include cultural and biological control options along with judicious use of site‐specific insecticide products. In addition, program design considerations that include management goal(s), action level(s), ant form (monogyne or polygyne), presence of nontarget ant species, size of treatment area, seasonality, implementation cost, and environmental impact are also presented. Optimally, elegant IPM programs are target specific, threshold driven, environmentally friendly and cost‐effective.     

茚虫威在红火蚁工蚁间的横向接触传导效应

[背景]红火蚁是我国重要的外来入侵害虫。利用其相互清洁和交哺行为等社会性昆虫特有的生活习性,使杀虫剂在巢群内传导,可以达到全巢药剂控制的目的。然而,有关茚虫威在红火蚁巢群内的传导效应尚未见有详细报道。[方法]采用供药蚁/受药蚁模型,研究了药剂剂量、供药蚁—受药蚁比例、处理时间对茚虫威在红火蚁工蚁间横向传毒的影响。[结果]剂量越高,受药蚁的死亡率越高,25 ng·头-1处理组受药蚁死亡率为14.1%～70.0%,而50 ng·头-1处理组的受药蚁死亡率最高可达100%;供药蚁—受药蚁比例显著影响茚虫威的传毒,比例为1∶1时,50、100、250、500 ng·头-1处理组受药蚁死亡率可达100%;随着时间延长,受药蚁的死亡率升高,但在12 h后,供药蚁死亡率最高仅为8.0%,表明茚虫威具缓效特性。[结论与意义]本研究明确了在红火蚁工蚁间茚虫威横向传毒的剂量、时间和供药蚁—受药蚁比例的效应,为应用该药剂提供了依据。     

The red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta,modifies predation at the soil surface and in cotton foliage

Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, are generalist predators that can have major impacts on foliar arthropod communities in agricultural systems; however, their effects as predators at the soil surface have not been adequately characterized. We examined the contribution of fire ants to predation at the soil surface and in cotton foliage at two sites and over the course of two field seasons in Georgia, using egg masses of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. To assess interactions between fire ants and other arthropod species, we also measured the densities of edaphic predators and honeydew‐producing hemipterans at both sites. The sites occurred in different growing regions (Piedmont and Coastal Plain), and allowed us to characterize the importance of fire ants as predators under different climatic and soil conditions. Fire ant suppression decreased egg predation at both field sites, and predation by fire ants at the soil surface was equal to if not greater than that in cotton foliage. However, the impact of fire ants on predation varied between sites, likely due to differences in climate and the composition and activity of the extant arthropod communities. Our study also indicates that fire ant suppression is associated with decreases in the density of honeydew‐producing insects, and increasing abundance of whiteflies on the plants coincided with a decrease in egg predation at the soil surface. This finding suggests the mutualism between ants and whiteflies may lead to a shift in predation intensity from edaphic towards plant‐based food webs.     

中国红火蚁入侵扩散、防控及对策

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是全球百种最具危险性的外来入侵物种之一,被列为我国农业、林业和进境植物检疫性有害生物。红火蚁入侵我国初期,发生区域数量少、面积小,制定了相应的应急防控和根除策略。随着该蚁在我国呈现扩散加快、多区域多生境发生、多途径扩散等新态势新特点,其防控策略转向“老疫区常态治理、新疫区力争根除”。为了更好地防控红火蚁,未来工作应从部门协作、队伍建设、综合治理、检疫监管和宣传培训等多个方面加强。     

严防危险性害虫红火蚁入侵

原产南美洲的红火蚁SolenopsisinvictaBuren,先后入侵美国和澳洲,最近又入侵中国台湾,对人类健康和环境安全构成重大威胁。该文介绍了红火蚁的形态特征、与近源种的形态区别、生物学特性、入侵特性、危害以及预防、控制等方面的知识,最后提出我国大陆需要高度警惕,严防红火蚁入侵。     

Arthropod prey of imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Mississippi sweetpotato fields

The red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), are generally considered pests. They have also been viewed as beneficial predators feeding on other insect pests of various agroecosystems. This study documents the foraging habits of fire ants in a sweetpotato field in Mississippi. Fire ant foraging trails connecting outside colonies to a sweetpotato field were exposed and foraging ants moving out of the field toward the direction of the colony were collected along with the solid food particles they were carrying. The food material was classified as arthropod or plant in origin. The arthropod particles were identified to orders. Fire ant foragers carried more arthropods than plant material. Coleoptera and Homoptera were the most abundant groups preyed upon. These insect orders contain various economically important pests of sweetpotato. Other major hexapod groups included the orders Hemiptera, Diptera and Collembola. The quantity of foraged material varied over the season. No damage to sweetpotato roots could be attributed to fire ant feeding. Imported fire ant foraging may reduce the number of insect pests in sweetpotato fields.