脱落酸（ABA）在蒜苔衰老中的作用

蒜苔在切除珠蒜后可减少贮存中干物质的损失,延缓衰老,在切口处施加外源ABA可加速苔干叶绿素的破坏和组织的老化,气相色谱与色质联用法检测完整蒜苔和无珠蒜蒜苔各部分组织中ABA含量在衰老过程中的变化,发现无珠蒜苔干上,中,下各段ABA含量在衰老进程中是逐步减少的,变化幅度小,而带有珠蒜的苔干各相应段和珠蒜的ABA含量均有一迅速增加而后减少的过程,珠蒜的ABA含量最大,ABA含量高峰出现时间最早,苔干各段ABA含量按上,中,下顺序依次减少,高峰出现的时间也是由上至下依次推迟,没有发现蒜苔在衰老过程中有乙烯放出,外加乙烯对其衰老进程影响不大,本文认为珠蒜是蒜苔衰老的关键部位,能加速苔干衰老的ABA主要是在珠蒜中合成的,并自上向下极性运往苔干组织,进而动员物质的再分配,起着信息传递作用,蒜苔的衰老过程可分为“准备期”和“活跃期”两个阶段。     

LOCALIZATION OF DEHYDROGENASE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE IN THE ABSCISSION ZONE OF BEAN LEAVES

Leaf abscission in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ‘Contender’ is associated with enzymatic changes during and prior to separation. Deblading resulted in a localized increase in dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in the abscission zone. Increased enzyme activities were observed 24–48 hr after deblading. In debladed plants separation was complete in 6–8 days. At separation, dehydrogenase activity appeared to decrease and localization was specific to the protective layer, while the petiole side had no activity. In contrast, acid phosphatase activity was observed in some layers of cells on the petiole side after separation. Ethylene treatment promoted abscission and separation occurred in 24–48 hr in both debladed and intact plants. No protective layer was formed during ethylene-induced abscission. Enzymatic changes similar to those observed in debladed control plants were observed with ethylene treatment. Ethylene induced an additional abscission layer between the pulvinus and petiole, where an abscission layer normally does not form. In this ethylene-induced abscission layer, similar enzyme activities were detected.     

ULTRASTRUCTURE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE IN PEDICEL ABSCISSION OF HIBISCUS

Pedicel abscission in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was investigated by light and electron microscopy. During the pre-abscission period endoplasmic reticulum declined somewhat, dictyosomes increased in number and apparent activity, and mitochondria maintained their numbers. The observations suggested that dictyosomal vesicles were migrating to and fusing with the plasma membrane. The enzyme acid phosphatase was associated with dictyosomes and dictyosomal saccules, with small vacuoles and invaginations of the plasma membrane, and in the paramural region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. Our interpretation is that acid phosphatase, (and probably also the enzymes involved in cell wall dissolution) are transported via an endoplasmic reticulum-dictyosome-vesicle carrier system to the paramural regions of the cell. In more general terms, our observations support the view that the enzymes involved in the cell wall hydrolysis of abscission are synthesized within a compartmentalized, lysosomal system prior to their release and action.     

脱落酸产生菌的遗传育种

从南京蔬菜研究所植物致病株中分离到3株脱落酸（ABA）产量较高菌株,经初步鉴定均为灰葡萄孢（BolrytiscinereaPers．）。分别命名为A23,A101,A160通过紫外诱变及菌株生长状况比较,选出一株菌A101作为出发菌,经紫外,硫酸二乙酯多次诱变,在ANA合成代谢关键酶抑制剂平板上定向选育出一株ANA高产菌UUD－1,该菌固体发酵可产生ABA374μg／ml,是出发菌株产量的14倍,且其产量连续培养5代稳定。     

REGULATION OF GROWTH AND CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION IN DEVELOPING AVENA INTERNODES BY GIBBERELLIC ACID AND INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID

Auxin (IAA) at physiological concentrations causes significant reduction of GA₃-promoted growth in excised Avena stem segments. IAA is thus considered to be a gibberellin antagonist in this system. It was found to act non-competitively in repressing GA₃-augmented growth in these segments. In intercalary meristem cells at the base of the elongating internode, GA₃ blocks cell division activity and causes a marked increase in cell lengthening. IAA substantially promotes lateral expansion in comparable intercalary meristem cells, particularly in the vicinity of vascular bundles underlying the epidermis. It also alters the plane of cell division in differentiating stomata. IAA at high concentrations (10⁻³, 10⁻⁴ m ), in combination with GA₃, overrides the effects of GA₃ on cell lengthening, while with low concentrations of IAA (10⁻⁹, 10⁻¹⁰m ), the effects of GA₃ are clearly dominant. At intermediate concentrations of IAA (10⁻⁶, 10⁻⁷m ), in the presence of GA₃, the effects of this treatment on cell differentiation closely parallel the pattern of differentiation in untreated tissue. It is postulated that a lateral gradient of auxin and gibberellin could control cell expansion in long epidermal cells during intercalary growth of the internode.     

利用脱落酸和冷适应提高坛紫菜丝状体种质的冻存效率

为验证脱落酸(ABA)和冷适应能否提高紫菜丝状体种质的冷冻保存效率,研究以坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)自由丝状体为材料,在20℃,光强40μmol·photons/(m2·s),在光周期12L﹕12D条件下以ABA(100μmol/L)处理48h或4℃暗培养6d,随后进行–80℃冷冻保存实验.通过连...     

用ANS研究脱落酸提高植物线粒体膜的流动性

用荧光标记法,以ＡＮＳ作荧光探剂研究了脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）对植被线粒体脱流动性的影响。（＋）ＡＢＡ浓度效应实验结果和不同ＰＨ及不同温度条件下的实验结果均表明（＋）ＡＢＡ能降低植物线粒体膜的荧光强度,即（＋）ＡＢＡ能提高线粒体原流动性,且此种效应具有浓度饱和性,并导致线粒体异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＣＨ）活性升高。ＡＢＡ的类似物,ＲＣＡ．７Ａ和ＲＣＡ．７ｂ,也具有提高ＩＣＤＨ活性的效应,抗ＡＢＡ结合蛋白的抗体（     

A因子在原核生物分化和次级代谢中的分子调控

发育分化是现代生物学一个重要的前沿研究领域。近二十年来,原核生物细胞的发育与分化取得了令人瞩目的成就,如芽孢杆菌的内源性孢子形成,放线菌的分生孢子分化,粘细菌的多细胞形态发生等。形态分化与次生代谢之间的关系是目前的一个研究热点,本文介绍近年来Ａ因子及其类似物在原核生物分化和次级代谢调控中的研究进展。１　Ａ因子及其类似物１９８２年,Ｈａｒａ等人分离到一株丧失了生物合成链霉素和孢子形成能力的灰色链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｒｉｓｅｕｓ）突变株,发现当提供一种由野生型菌株产生的可扩散因子时,突变…     

外源脱落酸对湿地植物美人蕉抗寒性的影响

低温时植物枯萎导致人工湿地运行效率降低,研究将脱落酸应用于湿地植物,以期提高其抗寒性。采用0、5、10、15、20和25 mg/L的脱落酸(ABA)对美人蕉(Canna indica L.)幼苗叶面进行喷施并进行阶段性降温培养,评价各组在0℃时的抗寒性,筛选出最适ABA处理浓度。结果表明:在低温条件下,经过适宜浓度外源脱落酸预处理组的丙二醛(MDA)、相对电导率显著性低于对照组;脯氨酸、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量显著高于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性也有所提高。综合以上指标,认为15 mg/L脱落酸处理为最佳。随后将其应用于人工湿地,对其冬季净化效果进行评估。结果发现, 15 mg/L脱落酸预处理可使人工湿地的冬季TP、TN和COD去除率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,一定浓度的脱落酸预处理能够有效提高美人蕉的抗寒性,并提高人工湿地冬季净化效果。     

前体化合物与诱导子对紫杉醇和紫杉烷类化合物合成的调控作用

添加Ｄ,Ｌ－β－苯丙氨酸和苯丙氨酸没有显著促进紫杉醇的合成,乙酸和苯甲酸对紫杉醇的合成有抑制作用,Ｃ１３位侧链合成的前体含量并不是合成紫杉醇的限制性因素。１￣３ｍｇ／Ｌ的α－亚麻酸没有促进紫杉醇和紫杉烷类化合物的合成。茉莉酮酸显著地促进了紫杉醇的合成,５ｍｇ／Ｌ茉莉酮酸处理的紫杉醇含量达到１３４μｇ／ｇＤＷ,是对照的９倍。     

α-溴-2、3、4、5、6五氟甲苯衍生气相色谱同时测定吲-3-乙酸和脱落酸

用α-溴-2、3、4、5、6五氟甲苯作衍生剂,在55℃反应90分钟可与吲哚-3-乙酸和脱落酸生成酯。这两种酯可用气相色谱分离,电子捕获检测器测定。本方法操作简单、灵敏度高。最小检测量:吲哚-3-乙酸和脱落酸分别为10~(-14)g 和10~(-13)g。