A STUDY OF THE PROPOSED GENUS OBREGONIA (CACTACEAE)

The monotypic genus Obregonia Frič was compared with Ariocarpus, Lophophora, Strombocactus, and certain other cactus genera. Obregonia and Ariocarpus are similar in characters of seeds, seedlings, habitat, fruits, and general habit. They differ in time of flowering, point of flower origin, areole structure, presence or absence of druses and a mucilage system, and presence or absence of spines. Obregonia and Lophophora are similar in characters of seeds, habitat, basic areole structure, and fruits. They differ in seedling form, habit of adult plants, presence or absence of spines, and chemical analysis. Strombocactus resembles Obregonia in few ways except in basic areole structure and some aspects of anatomy. The author concludes that Obregonia is an intermediate form between Ariocarpus and Lophophora and deserves generic rank. A formal taxonomic treatment of the genus follows the conclusions.     

中国蹄盖蕨属的研究Ⅰ-属下分类

蹄盖蕨属是蕨类植物中分类最困难的大属之一,中国、喜马拉雅和日本为其分布中心。隶属于本属的种实际上是由蹄盖蕨科或广义蹄盖蕨属中其他属被划分出去以后剩余下来的种类集合而成的"大杂烩",因此,它们被放在一起并非是一个单系起源的自然类群;属下不同类群分化的程度相差也很大,有的类群进化活跃,近缘种很多,有的类群则很孤立,所以属下单位所包括的种数相差悬殊;孢子周壁表面褶皱的有无在本属的属下分类中占有重要的位置。已发表的中国蹄盖蕨属植物名称约有300多个,它们初步被处理为117种和一些变种和杂种,本文建议把这些种分为14个组和15个系。     

A REVISION OF THE GENUS GYMNODERMA

Gymnoderma, which has been considered a monotypic genus, is composed of three species. G. insulare is described from Japan and differs from G. coccocarpum of southeastern Asia in being smaller and having a thicker cortex with didymic acid present. G. lineare from the Southern Appalachians is transferred from Cladonia because the podetia lack symbiotic algae, are solid, and are located on the marginal lower side of the thallus. Gymnoderma, including three species and possibly representing an ancestral form of Cladonia, is disjunctively distributed in eastern Asia and the Southern Appalachians. G. coccocarpum is reported from Thailand and Borneo for the first time.     

THE GENUS PELECYPHORA (CACTACEAE): RESOLUTION OF A CONTROVERSY

The four species considered in this article fall into two natural groups. The evidence presented for this conclusion involves not only external features such as floral, fruit, and seed morphology, but also that obtained from internal structure, including tubercle and areole development, the anatomy of surface layers of mature tubercles, the structure of crystals in the ground tissues, and features of tracheary elements. When all evidence is considered, it becomes apparent that Pelecyphora aselliformis and Encephalocarpus strobiliformis are cogeneric as are P. valdeziana and P. pseudopectinata. Yet, the two cogeneric pairs are not closely related to each other. We do not propose to place them in any phylogenetic scheme as yet because general knowledge of the family Cactaceae is still too fragmentary. The first pair is assigned to Pelecyphora, of which a formal taxonomic treatment is presented, and the second pair is tentatively assigned to Thelocaclus.     

歧花鼠刺属的分类学订正

把歧花鼠刺属ＣｈａｎｇｉｏｄｅｄｒｏｎＭｉａｕ处理作清风藤属ＳａｂｉａＣｏｌｅｂｒ的异名;歧花刺ＣｈａｎｇｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｅＭｉａｕ作为小花清风藤ＳａｂｉａｐａｒｖｉｆｌｏｒａＷａｌｌ．ｅｘＲｏｘｂ．的异名。     

A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ECHINOCEREUS ENGELMANNII (CACTACEAE). I. SHOOT APICAL MERISTEMS AT GERMINATION

At germination the shoot apical meristems of Echinocereus engelmannii were discs with a volume of 666,000 μm³ and were composed of a unistratose tunica (volume: 260,000 μm³) and a corpus which was two cell-layers thick (volume: 406,000 μm³). Four days after germination the nucleus constituted 28.9% of the volume of the cell, and the vacuole constituted 24.5%. The mitochondria were 13.3% of the volume of the tunica cytoplasm, the chloroplasts 9.4%, and the dictyosomes only 1.2%. The endoplasmic reticulum was too sparse to be accurately measured. The organelles of the corpus were identical in size and shape to those of the tunica, but there were statistically significant differences in their cellular and cytoplasmic densities: the more distal corpus layer (C1) was less vacuolate (16.6% of the cell volume), and both corpus layers contained more chloroplasts, 12.0% of the cytoplasmic volume in C1 and 14.3% in the more proximal corpus layer (C2). During the first four days after germination there was a dramatic increase in the size of the central vacuole (e.g., from 15.4% to 24.5% in the tunica), and the mitochondria increased in density from 10.2% of the cytoplasmic volume to 13.3%. Chloroplast density also increased in all meristem layers, but the dictyosome density decreased, as much as a 30% loss in C2. There was also a highly significant reduction in the number of cisternae per dictyosome, from 5.47 to 4.77. Surprisingly, there was no change in heterochromatin: ca. 27% of the volume of the nuclei of all layers was heterochromatic at all stages studied. Thus, the organellar structure of corpus cells is distinctly different from that of tunica cells, and as the apical meristem becomes active after germination, the changes which occur are not uniform in the meristem but rather are zone-specific.     

中国剪股颖属植物订正

将木里剪股颖Ａｇｒｏｓｔｉｓ ｍｕｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ和柔毛剪股颖Ａ．ｅｒｉｏｌｅｐｉｓ作为柔毛剪股颖Ａ．ｐｉｌｏｓｕｌａ ｖａｒ．ｗａｌｌｉｃｈｉａｎａ的新异名;将大药剪股颖Ａ．ａｒｉｓａｎ－ｍｏｎｔａｎａ,ｖａｒ．ｍｅｇａｌａｎｄｒａ并入阿里山剪股颖Ａ．ａｒｉｓａｎ－ｍｏｎｔａｎａ。     

云南樫木属植物修订

(木坚)木属Dysoxylum Bl.在云南有十种,并仍有新的发现。本文在重新考证了有关标本和资料的基础上,增加了一个新纪录种dysoxylufm densiflorum(Bl. )Miq.及中文描述,并将D. spicatum并入D. binectariferum,将D. hainanense并入D. mollissimum,将D. gobara并入D. excelsum,对个别云南特有种作了补充描述。     

鲂属鱼类的分类整理

鲂属(Megalobrama)隶属于鲤科(Cyprinidae)的鲌亚科(Cultrinae),是一群较大型的经济鱼类,有的种已作为淡水养殖对象。关于鲂属的分类,虽经一些作者整理,但存在不少问题,因而长期未能使用正确的种名。易伯鲁和吴清江(1964)将鲂属鱼类归纳为3种,但个别种的种名厘订有误。Bǎnǎrescu(1970)将华鳊属(Sinibrama)划归为鲂属下的1个亚属,使鲂属共含5个种和亚种。华鳊属的鳔为2室,与鲂属有显著差别,作为亚属对待显然是不妥当的。现根据历年来在各地采得的标本,对鱿属鱼类进行重新整理。计有4种,并对个别种的种名作了订正。       

中国棋子豆属的订正

本文结合花粉形态和叶脉结构特征讨论了棋子豆属(Cylindrokelupha)的范围,并指出该属荚果圆柱形或近圆柱形,果瓣厚、直,种子较大为圆柱状,充满荚果空间等特征是独特的和稳定的,将之归入其它属(如合欢属,Archidendron属)是不妥的。经研究得出,该属在中国有10种,其中包括1新种和1新记录种。     

国产隔距兰属植物的修订

隔距兰属(Cleisostoma)是Blume在1825年以Cleisotoma sagittata B1.为模式创立的,后来J.J.Smith在1921年(Notuurk.Tijdr.Ned.Ind.72:79-115)将其归入J.Lindley的Sarcanthus,此后本属植物的大批分类群相继以"Sarcanthus"为属名而发表,直至1972年A.Garay经过考证才有趣地发现J.Lindler曾两次发表SaTcanthus,第一次是1824年(Bot.Reg.sub.t.817)根据Eoiden-drum pramosum Roxb.的描述而发表的,此种植物现己被归人脆花属(Acampe),时隔2年后,在1826年(Collert.Bot.39 B)又把产于我国的植物以命名为Sarcanthus rostratus Lindl.作sarcanthus的模式再次发表,这显然是晚出同名,根据国际命名法规必须被废弃,同时在时间上也较晚于Blume的属,因此Blume的Cleisostoma必须被得到重新使用。