ISOLATION OF EXINES FROM GYMNOSPERM POLLEN

Exines of certain Gymnosperms spontaneously separate from the intine during the process of hydration preceding pollen germination. Exines of pollen of Calocedrus decurrens, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Juniperus occidentalis, Sequoia sempervirens, and Pseudotsuga menziesii were isolated from hydrated, autoclaved pollen. Free exines were purified by centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient of densities 1.14 to 1.27 g/ml. The outer intine dissolved on autoclaving. This method may be applicable to a wide range of genera. Purified exines are of potential use in chemical analyses of sporopollenin and in production of antibodies to exine.     

A NEW LYGINOPTERID POLLEN ORGAN WITH ALVEOLATE POLLEN EXINES

A new lyginopterid pollen organ is described based upon specimens occurring in a single coal ball from the Providence, Kentucky locality. Seven to nine beaked sporangia are fused together at their proximal ends forming a common synangial chamber; synangia are joined together in clusters of two or three. In situ prepollen is similar to Cyclogranisporites and Verrucosisporites sporae dispersae. The thick exine has a lamellate nexine and a prominent alveolate sexine.     

THE SOLUBILITY OF d-VALINE IN WATER

1. The solubility of d-valine in water has been determined over a range of 0–60°. 2. The solubility of this amino acid varies with the mode of crystallization, indicating a dependence of solubility on the crystal form.     

隐翼科花粉形态的研究

报道了隐翼科Ｇｒｙｐｔｅｒｏｎｉａｃｅａｅ花粉形态及其外壁超微结构,并与广义的隐翼科其它属的花粉进行比较。研究表明,该科的隐翼属Ｃｒｙｐｔｅｒｏｎｉａ以长椭圆形的极面观、近乎四棱形的赤道面观,２孔沟的萌发孔和较厚的外壁内层明显地区别于其它属的花粉。吉Ａｘｉｎａｎｄｒａ属、Ｄａｃｔｙｌｏｃｌａｄｕｓ属和Ｒｈｙｎｃｈｏｃａｌｙｘ属的花粉为圆六角形（极面观）,具３孔沟的假沟;Ａｌｚａｔｅａ属花粉为圆三角     

紫草亚科附地菜族的花粉形态研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜系统观察了附地菜族5个属26种植物花粉形态。五属是附地菜属、车前紫草属、滨紫草属、山茄子属和皿果草属。观察证明属间花粉形态有明显的差异。花粉资料为族内属的划分和皿果草属的建立提出了花粉学证据。     

L—胱氨酸溶解度的研究

在283.15～333.15K下采用光度法测定了L-胱氨酸(L-cystine)在纯水及NaCl水溶液中的溶解度。通过微机回归分析,得到L-cystine溶解度S与温度T及NaCl重量百分比浓度C_A的经验关系:-1gS=-1.036 0.1129C_A (1287.7-40.80C_A)/T本文的工作为L-cystine生产及应用提供了重要的参考数据和信息。     

大麦醇溶蛋白中高赖氨酸组分的溶解特性研究

脱脂的大麦粉经2次 NaCl 溶液和一次重蒸馏水提取盐溶和水溶蛋白后,用55％异丙醇提取醇溶蛋白。经 Sephadex G-100柱层析,用0.2％SDS 洗脱,得到的分子量为14000-20000道尔顿的峰2蛋白,称为大麦醇溶蛋白 A,其赖氨酸含量达2.6mol/100mol,溶解性试验结果表明这组含赖氨酸较高的蛋白确是一组醇溶性蛋白。     

THE USE OF SOLUBILITY AS A CRITERION OF PURITY OF PROTEINS : I. APPLICATION OF THE PHASE RULE TO THE SOLUBILITY OF PROTEINS. II. THE SOLUBILITY CURVES AND PURITY OF CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN

1. The conditions under which the phase rule may be applied to systems containing proteins are formulated. 2. An attempt was made to fractionate chymotrypsinogen, by crystallization in stages with increasing concentration of magnesium sulfate. No significant fractionation of the protein was achieved, but a small amount of impurity which affects the solubility, while having little influence on other properties of the material, was concentrated in the fractions first precipitated. 3. The solubility of the final fraction was independent of the amount of the saturating solid, from the first appearance of a solid phase, in solvents of three different pH''s. The solubility was independent of the environment in which the crystals were formed (within the limits in which crystallization can be carried out) and the same value was reached from the supersaturated as from the undersaturated side. This material, therefore, conforms closely with the phase rule criteria of a pure protein.     

THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON GANGLIOSIDE SOLUBILITY

Gangliosides were extracted by various procedures from acetone powder prepared from grey matter of cattle brain. The mixtures of gangliosides, containing 24–26% N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), were dissolved in chloroform-methanol. Upon addition of aqueous solutions of Ca²⁺, the amount of gangliosides (and Ca²⁺) passing into the lower phase of the two-phase solvent system was a linear function of the product of the initial concentrations of Ca²⁺ and ganglioside-NANA. It was also a function of the initial stoichiometric ratios of ganglioside-NANA to Ca^a+. In accordance with previous reports, no gross differences of composition between the initial mixture of gangliosides and the calcium-solubilized portion could be detected by glass-fibre chromatography.     

泽泻科的花粉形态研究

本文对泽泻科11属27种代表植物的花粉进行了光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察。在系统描述了该科及各属植物花粉形态的基础上,将泽泻科植物的花粉划分为3种类型,即少果泽苔草型、慈菇型和泽泻型。根据花粉形态特征的比较,并依据泽泻科植物祖先类群的花粉具有船形、具单沟萌发孔、花粉外壁具明显的刺状纹饰、覆盖层完整无通道等特征,作者认为泽泻科植物花粉形态的如下演化趋势是明显的：由船形演化为卵球形、球形和多面体球形;由单沟萌发孔经过一无孔的中间类型演化为散孔类型;孔膜由光滑演化为具颗粒和小刺;萌发孔不内陷进化到内陷;花粉粒外壁的刺状纹饰逐渐过渡为颗粒状纹饰或者消失,以及覆盖层由无通道到具细通道和通道。     

POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF THE LENNOACEAE

Drugg , Warren S. (California Res. Corp., La Habra.) Pollen morphology of the Lennoaceae. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(10): 1027–1032. Illus. 1962.—The family Lennoaceae contains 3 genera: Pholisma, Lennoa, and Ammobroma. The pollen of Pholisma is 4-colporate with less common 3- and 5-colporate grains. Lennoa pollen is 3-colporate with rare 4-colporate examples. All Ammobroma pollen is 3-colporate. Pollen of both Lennoa and Ammobroma exhibits sexine thinning in the mesocolpia with resultant depressions. This feature is lacking in Pholisma. Sculpture is reticulate-simplibaculate on pollen of Lennoa and Pholisma, and reticulate-duplibaculate on pollen of Ammobroma. Pollen morphology supports placement of Lennoaceae in the Polemoniales near the Boraginaceae and Hydrophyllaceae.     

DIFFERENTIATION OF OXYHEMOGLOBINS BY MEANS OF MUTUAL SOLUBILITY TESTS

1. The rule of addition of solubilities is applicable to the differentiation of the oxyhemoglobins of not too closely related species. 2. The oxyhemoglobins of the horse, dog, rat, and guinea pig show differences when tested by this method. The oxyhemoglobins of the donkey and horse show a similarity which is best explained by the assumption of isomorphism.     

AN INTERPRETATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF POLLEN

The pollen grains of angiosperms are usually desiccated to some extent at the time of dispersal. Rehydration is an essential prelude to germination, and this takes place by uptake of water from the stigma after capture, water entering from the cells of the stigma surface following a water potential gradient. The passage of water into the pollen grain is regulated by the cuticle of the stigma papilla in the vicinity of the contact face, and also by the apertural mechanisms of the pollen grain exine, which act by varying the degree of exposure of the underlying pectocellulosic intine according to the degree of hydration of the grain. The sequence of events during rehydration suggests that at first the vegetative cell of the male gametophyte is without a normal plasmalemma, so that the initial dilation of the grain is followed by an interval of exudation. Thereafter, with the re-establishment of the cell membranes, the vegetative cell behaves in the manner of a normal plant cell through the period of germination.     

9种益母草属植物的花粉粒形态

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对国产８种１变种及欧美产１种益母草属植物的花粉粒进行观察与研究。本属植物花粉粒椭 球形或近球形,益母草和白花益母草花粉粒两端突起成喙。具３沟,狭长,几达两极,人内陷或内陷。外壁纹纹饰网状,某些种尚具或为细小的穿孔。结果基本支持各种的系统地位。