NaHSO3-Na2SO3混合液对大麦幼苗生长和细胞分裂的影响

 研究SO2在生物体内的衍生物——亚硫酸氢钠和亚硫酸钠混合液（1：3, mol·L-1）(以下简称亚硫酸氢钠)对大麦(Hordeum vulgare)幼苗生长发育和根尖细胞分裂的效应。幼苗生长发育依赖于亚硫酸氢钠的浓度和接触时间,在一定浓度范围内,大麦幼苗的高度和根系发育与处理时间之间具有正的线性相关;幼苗高度、根长、根系体积和干重与处理浓度之间具有负的线性相关。高浓度亚硫酸氢钠短时间处理或低浓度长时间处理,能导致根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,并使根尖中具有微核的细胞明显增多,部分细胞核发生固缩。在0.1～5.     

SECO C-NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS OF THE 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE

The seco C-nucleosides 3-(1,2,3,4,5-penta-O-acetyl-D-gluco- and D-galacto-pentitol-1-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazoles (6 and 7) were obtained in one pot by deamination and dethiolation of 4-amino-3-(D-gluco- and D-galacto-pentitol-1-yl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles (1 and 2), respectively, using sodium nitrite in orthophosphoric acid and subsequent acetylation. The structures were confirmed by using ¹H, ¹³C and 2D NMR spectra, DQFCOSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. The favored conformational structures were deduced from the vicinal coupling constants of the protons.     

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GRANA IN MESOPHYLL PLASTIDS OF ZEA MAYS

The compartments of the grana of mesophyll plastids of Zea mays are extensively interconnected. In median sections of grana, 16.5% of compartment margins were involved in a Y-shaped conjunction of the loculi of two consecutive compartments with the loculus of an attached fret. Various configurations accounted for the remainder of the compartment margins seen in median sections of grana. Tangential views of grana and serial sections revealed an oblique relationship between the frets and the grana. Analysis of serial sections allows the conclusion that the components of the fretwork are helically wound around a granum.     

THE EFFECT OF COTYLEDON EXCISION ON THE GROWTH OF PEA SEEDLINGS

Pea plants grown under controlled conditions for 28 days were sampled nine times during this growth period. On each sampling day 80 plants were harvested. Cotyledons were excised from 40 plants and the root-shoot axis allowed to continue growth. The other 40 plants were divided into roots, shoots, and cotyledons; the dry weights of alcohol-water extracts and residues from these organs were determined. Shoot lengths, numbers of nodes, buds, flowers, and fruits of 28-day-old plants, whose cotyledons were excised at different times, were determined. These data indicate that cotyledon excision after the 13th day has no apparent effect on seedling growth, whereas excision before the 13th day reduces growth. Glucose-U-C¹⁴ supplied to attached cotyledons of 6- and 16-day-old seedlings resulted in no major difference in the distribution pattern of recovered label throughout the plant even though 16-day-old cotyledons were depleted of their normal endogenous food reserve.     

MICROWAVE IRRADIATION FOR ACCELERATING THE SYNTHESIS OF ACYCLONUCLEOSIDES OF 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE

The 3-(D-alditol-1-yl)-4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles 4 and 5 can be successfully prepared using microwave irradiation. Condensation of 4 and 5 with p-nitrobenzaldehyde afforded Schiff bases 6 and 7, respectively. Reaction 4 and 5 with ethylchloroacetate gave the corresponding alkylated products 10 and 11. Better yields and much less time were the characteristic features of using the microwave heating over the conventional one. The structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed by ¹H-NMR, 2D-NMR and mass spectra.     

茉莉酸甲酯对水稻幼苗光呼吸代谢的影响

经2．5×10-4mol／L茉莉酸甲酯（MJ）处理后的水稻幼苗,在处理后第2天即表现出RuBP加氧酶活性的明显升高,至处理后第4天,叶片中乙醇酸氧化酶的活性也升高,同时叶片中的乙醇酸累积量也明显高于对照。经α-HPMS预处理后的幼苗叶片材料中,这种乙醇酸累积量升高的程度更大,表明2．5×10-4mol／LMJ处理能促进水稻幼苗光呼吸的增强,但2．5×10-7mol／LMJ处理对叶片中乙醇酸的累积和光呼吸过程中的有关酶系没有影响。     

水稻幼苗冷锻炼过程中钙的效应

冷锻炼处理提高了水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）幼苗叶片中抗氧化剂（还原型谷胱甘肽,ＧＳＨ;抗坏血酸,ＡｓＡ）含量和膜保护酶（超氧化物歧化酶,ＳＯＤ）的活性,同时也提高了可溶性蛋白质中热稳定蛋白的含量。ＣａＣｌ２ 浸种处理对上述冷锻炼的作用有加强的效果,且明显地提高了过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的活性。有无ＣａＣｌ２ 处理的冷锻炼处理均减轻冷胁迫引起的ＧＳＨ 及ＡｓＡ 含量、ＳＯＤ 活性及热稳定蛋白质含量的下降程度,有利于幼苗在恢复过程中ＧＳＨ、ＡｓＡ、ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ及热稳定蛋白质水平迅速回升。结合ＣａＣｌ２ 处理的冷锻炼苗在冷胁迫恢复生长时增长迅速,且苗健壮浓绿,说明ＣａＣｌ２浸种对冷锻炼处理提高水稻幼苗的抗冷力有明显的促进作用,这与ＣａＣｌ２ 浸种结合冷锻炼能更有效的提高细胞膜保护能力有关     

INHIBITION OF SOME HEPATIC GLYCOSIDASES BY THE DISECO NUCLEOSIDE, 4-AMINO-3-(D-GLUCOPENTITOL-1-YL)- 5-MERCAPTO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AND ITS 3-METHYL ANALOG

ABSTRACT

The in vivo and in vitro effects of 4-amino-3-(D-glucopentitol-l-yl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and its 3-methyl analogue on α- and β-glucosidases, β-glucuronidase as well as α-amylase have been investigated. α-Glucosidase is the enzyme that is markedly affected in vivo and in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The compounds showed a reversible inhibition of a competitive type for α-glucosidase. Moreover, they exert a relatively potent inhibition on α-glucosidase with a K_i magnitude of 3.6×10^?4, 9.5×10^{? 5} M.     

STUDIES ON THE ROOT OF HORDEUM VULGARE L.– ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SEMINAL ROOT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PHLOEM

Seminal root tissue of Hordeum vulgare L. var. Barsoy was fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and studied with the light and electron microscopes. The roots consist of an epidermis, 6–7 layers of cortical cells, a uniseriate endodermis and a central vascular cylinder. Cytologically, the cortical and endodermal cells are similar except for the presence of tubular-like invaginations of the plasmalemma, especially near the plasmodesmata, in the former. The vascular cylinder consists of a uniseriate pericycle surrounding 6–9 phloem strands occurring on alternating radii with an equal number of xylem bundles. The center of the root contains a single, late maturing metaxylem vessel element. Each phloem strand consists of one protophloem sieve element, two companion cells and 1–3 metaphloem sieve elements. The protophloem element and companion cells are contiguous with the pericycle. Metaphloem sieve elements are contiguous with companion cells and are separated from tracheary elements by xylem parenchyma cells. The protoplasts of contiguous cells of the root are joined by various numbers of cytoplasmic connections. With the exception of the pore-plasmodesmata connections between sieve-tube members and parenchymatic elements, the plasmodesmata between various cell types are similar in structure. The distribution of plasmodesmata supports a symplastic pathway for organic solute unloading and transport from the phloem to the cortex. Based on the arrangement of cell types and plasmodesmatal frequencies between various cell types of the root, the major symplastic pathway from sieve elements to cortex appears to be via the companion and xylem parenchyma cells.     

除草剂拿草特对菟丝子幼苗茎尖分生区有丝分裂的影响

酰胺类除草剂拿草特对菟丝子幼苗生长具有强烈的抑制作用。采用石蜡切片法和细胞扫描分光光度法,通过测定对照及处理幼苗茎尖分生区的细胞分裂指数和核DNA含量,发现拿草特对菟丝子幼苗生长的抑制是由于它对分生区细胞有丝分裂的双重抑制作用:间期抑制和中期抑制。即它既可阻止有丝分裂的启动,又可象秋水仙素一样通过影响纺锤丝的功能而将细胞分裂阻止于中期,引起分生区细胞的多倍体化和径向膨大。这种生长受到抑制且茎尖粗肿的幼苗不能够在农作物上寄生。     

酸度和铝对马尾松生长的影响

用溶液培养法研究了铝对马尾松 ( Pinus massoniana)幼苗生长的影响。马尾松耐酸性较强 ,在 p H为 3.5— 5 .5范围内均能正常生长。马尾松对铝中度敏感 ,在 p H4 .0条件下 ,铝毒害的阈值浓度为 4 .0 ppm。铝在溶液中存在的状态依 p H值而变化 ,不同形态的铝离子对马尾松的毒性不同 :Al3 的毒性大于 Al( OH) 2 和 Al( OH) 2 。极低浓度 ( <0 .1 5 mmol/L)的 Al3 对马尾松生长有刺激作用。 Ca2 对 Al3 的毒性有拮抗作用 ,对马尾松产生抑制作用的 Al/Ca摩尔比小于 1     

茉莉酸甲酯对水稻幼苗光合作用的影响

２．５×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ茉莉酸甲酯处理水稻（ＯｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）幼苗叶片,可明显地降低Ｃｈｌａ、Ｃｈｌｂ的含量及叶片的光合速率,抑制ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ的活性,抑制幼苗叶片中ＲｕｂｉｓＣＯ大亚基的合成,降低小亚基的含量。对幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量、叶片的光合速率及ＲｕＢＰＣａｓｅ的活性没有影响。