A NEW SPECIES OF ZOSTEROPHYLLUM FROM THE EARLY DEVONIAN OF NEW BRUNSWICK

A new species of Zosterophyllum, Z. divaricatum Gensel, is described from the late Early Devonian (Emsian) of northern New Brunswick, Canada. It is a Platyzosterophyllum type, consisting of slender sometimes bifurcating axes with laterally borne sporangia oriented to one side of the axis. The species is distinctive in that axes bifurcate within fertile regions and in sporangium shape and attachment. Aspects of the morphology of axis and sporangium cuticle, tracheids, and spores are presented and considered in relation to comparable features in other Zosterophyllum species. Associated vegetative axes exhibiting H- and K-branching patterns and also cuticular features similar to the fertile specimens are described and it is suggested that they may represent parts of the same plant. Zosterophyllum divaricatum is most similar to Z. llanoveranum, Z. fertile, and Z. spectabile, and also resembles Rebuchia ovata to some extent. Z. divaricatum offers considerable information on variation within one species concerning sporangium shape, attachment, and distribution and expands the known diversity of Platyzosterophyllum types.     

PROTEOKALON A NEW GENUS OF PROGYMNOSPERMS FROM THE DEVONIAN OF NEW YORK STATE AND ITS BEARING ON PHYLOGENETIC TRENDS IN THE GROUP

Proteokalon gen. nov. is described from the Upper Devonian Catskill deposits of New York. Two orders of branching and ultimate appendages are preserved' by petrifaction and by compression. The first order bears branches decussately and has a skewed four-armed protostele that occasionally dichotomizes. Second-order branches dichotomize rarely and most have T-shaped or three-armed protosteles. They bear ultimate appendages alternately, either in lateral pairs, or singly from the abaxial side. These appendages divide several times in one plane. Their vascular strand is terete. Maturation of the primary xylem is mesarch, and it consists of tracheids and parenchyma. Secondary xylem and phloem and a periderm are present. The outer cortex has a system of hypodermal fibers. Proteokalon is most similar to Tetraxylopteris and Triloboxylon of the Aneurophytales. A comparison of the stratigraphic occurrence of Protopteridium, Aneurophyton, Tetraxylopterism, Sphenoxylon, Triloboxylon, and Proteokalon suggests some evolutionary trends among the Aneurophytales.     

PERTICA,A NEW GENUS OF DEVONIAN PLANTS FROM NORTHERN MAINE

A new genus of Devonian age fossil plants is described from the Trout Valley Formation of northern Maine. Abundant compression material permits a rather complete understanding of its morphology. Pertica quadrifaria Kasper and Andrews, gen. et sp. nov., was an erect plant, perhaps a meter tall, with a pseudomonopodial main axis and dichotomous side branches. The side branches were arranged in a clockwise spiral (from base to apex) and were tetrastichous. They dichotomized numerous times, with the intervals between dichotomies decreasing distally. The ultimate branchlets bore numerous sporangia in dense clusters. Other side branches were completely sterile. Pertica quadrifaria is classified in the Subdivision Trimerophytina of Banks. Its evolutionary significance rests in the fact that it is a link in the chain of increasingly complex early vascular land plants.     

紊蒿属一新种和对该属分类及演化的讨论

对新种多头紊蒿(Elachanthemum polycephalum Z.Y.Zhu et C.Z.Liang)的形态特征进行了描述,并从形态和生态特征、地理分布及其区系起源等方面探讨了紊蒿属(Elachanthemum Y.Ling et Y.R.Ling)的分类地位。结果表明：紊蒿属与百花蒿属(Stilpnolepis Krasch.)在形态上虽有相近之处,但花、果实和花粉等形态差异明显,因而不能并入百花蒿属,而应独立成属。该属起源于第三纪亚洲北部的古蒿类群(Pro-Artemisia L.),是蒿类中较为原始的属,为古地中海东部残遗的旱生成分,也是现代亚洲中部荒漠(戈壁荒漠)的持有属;多头紊蒿新种的发现,使紊蒿属从单种属变成寡种(双种)属,表明荒漠植物区系的物种分化仍在进行。     

广西早泥盆世一新型胴甲鱼化石并初步探讨其系统分类位置

本文描述的胴甲鱼化石标本,采自广西象州大乐早泥盆世地层.化石系内、外模,但保存非常完整,包括自然连接的头部、躯干、胸鳍及躯甲后的尾部.头甲、躯甲的特征较为接近星鳞鱼 (Asterolepis) 的特征,而某些特征又与云南鱼 (Yunnanolepis) 类似.胸鳍分为近节和远节,鳍片排列近似欧洲的翼甲鱼 (Pterichthyodes) 型的胸鳍.根据头甲、躯甲及胸鳍的特征,笔者建立了一新属、新种——Liujiangolepis suni gen. et sp. nov.,代表胴甲鱼类中—新科——Liujiangolepidae fam. nov..文中对新属种的胸鳍结构和新属种在胴甲鱼类中的分类位置做了初步探讨.     

TRIPLOCHITIOXYLON (STERCULIACEAE): A NEW GENUS OF WOOD FROM THE EOCENE OF OREGON AND ITS BEARING ON XYLEM EVOLUTION IN THE EXTANT GENUS TRIPLOCHITON

A new sterculiaceous wood, Triplochitioxylon oregonensis gen. et sp. n., was collected from a Middle Eocene locality in the Clarno Formation of Oregon. Anatomical data indicate a close natural relationship between T. oregonensis and the living species of Triplochiton, a genus endemic to tropical Africa. The fossil is believed to represent a population of the group or complex from which Triplochiton evolved. The basic differences in the xylem organizations of the two genera are explained by a significant reduction of fusiform initial length and by a complete suppression of post-cambial parenchyma strand elongation in the extant genus. Paleobotanical and biogeographical evidence suggest that the xylem evolution has been strongly influenced by the increasing aridity of the African continent.     

早泥盆世始叶蕨（新属）及叶子起源的讨论

本文报道了滇东南文山地区下泥盆统坡松冲组（西根阶）地层中一陆生植物新属,种－纤细始叶蕨（Eophyllophyton bellum gen.et sp.nov),植物体矮小,多次二叉分枝,远端枝二列互生长出次一级二叉分枝为主的末级枝,枝系起源叶顶生成侧生,多次分叉,缩合,扁化,蹼化并部分并合,生殖单位可下垂,由二枚顶端内卷的孢子叶组成,孢子囊圆至肾形,沿远,端加厚带开裂,成列侧生在孢子叶相对面的叶轴上,上述特征表明新植物远比同期的莱尼类,三枝蕨类和工蕨类复杂和进化,并显示出和工蕨类的某些亲缘关系,文内还探讨了枝系起源叶（大型叶）的发生和演化。     

A NEW BRACHYTHORACID ARTHRODIRE FROM THE DEVONIAN OF DICKSON LAND, VESTSPITSBERGEN

A brachythoracid anterior dorsolateral plate from the Devonian of Dickson Land is described as Arctonema crassum n.g., n.sp. In discussing the systematic position of this new genus, which may belong to the Holonematidae, remarks are given on the system of lateral lines on the anterior part of the trunk in coccosteids and holonematids. It is shown that even the posterior ventrolateral plate in some coccosteomorphs may exhibit lateral line grooves.     

槽胫叶蝉属新种及一近缘新属(同翅目:叶蝉总科)

本文记述同翅目叶蝉总科叶蝉科槽胫叶蝉属Drabescus三个新种——阔槽胫叶蝉D. ectensus、酱红槽胫叶蝉D. fuscorufous、沥青槽胫叶蝉D. piceatus和一近缘新属——类槽胫叶蝉属 parad-rabescus及新属的二个新种——黄额类槽胫叶蝉P. testaceus、黑额类槽胫叶蝉P. piceus。这五个新种均发现于我国云南省的林区。     

ON THE PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS

Sporne , K. R. (Botany School, Cambridge, Eng.) On the phylogenetic classification of plants. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(5): 385–394. Illus. 1959.—A knowledge of the fossil record is essential to the study of evolutionary relationships in the plant kingdom for, otherwise, it can be nothing but conjecture. Fossil remains of fungi and bryophytes are so few that the course of evolution in these groups is almost entirely a matter for speculation. Even when fossil remains do exist, they may well be so atypical of the group as to be almost worthless, as in the case of the algae. Fossil pteridophytes and gymnosperms are, however, numerous and there is no reason to suppose that they are grossly unrepresentative of their contemporaries. From them can be derived information that is of the greatest value to morphologists, in that it throws light on the true nature of plant organs and enables character-phylogenies to be constructed. Nowhere, however, can genealogical trees (organism-phylogenies) be built up with any degree of confidence and whether this will always be so remains to be seen. In the meantime, every encouragement must be given to palaeobotanists all over the world, for they alone hold the keys that can reveal the course of evolution. “Ingenious men will readily advance plausible arguments to support whatever theory they shall choose to maintain; but then the misfortune is, every one's hypothesis is each as good as another's since they are all founded on conjecture.” Gilbert White , Selbourne; in a letter to Thomas Pennant, Esq., 29 May, 1769.     

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON ZOSTEROPHYLLUM LLANOVERANUM FROM THE LOWER DEVONIAN OF SOUTH WALES

Zosterophyllum llanoveranum was first described by Croft and Lang in 1942. This account presents the anatomy of the axes. Details of the sporangium wall in the vicinity of the dehiscence line are reported and the spores are described. The plant is compared with other members of the genus Zosterophyllum and also with those Devonian plants possessing exarch protosteles and lateral sporangia, which Banks has placed in the subdivision Zosterophyllophytina.     

乌鲁木齐附近早春植物生物学和生态学特性的初探

本文根据作者对乌鲁木齐附近的早春植物在春季生长,发育节律与水热等主要生态因子的关系的观测,论述了它们的生物学和生态学特点,为充分利用早春植物萌发返青早,生长发育快的优势,为合理开发利用,改良建设这类草场提供科学依据。     

陕西宁强原始锥石类五辐对称新属种的发现

陕西宁强宽川铺地区灯影组宽川铺段的原始锥石类Carinachitids中,新发现了五辐对称新属种--五分宁强锥石(新属、新种)Pentaconularia ningqiangensis gen.et sp.nov..本文对这一新属种进行了描记.结合前人发现的两辐对称、三辐对称、四辐对称的Carinachitids系列标...     

檬果樟属的分类与分布兼论这一分布区类型的特征

作者在本文中讨论了檬果樟属(Caryodaphnopsis Airy Shaw)的分类和分布。该属约14种,其中7种见于热带亚洲,7种见于热带美洲,其分布属于热带亚洲和热带美洲分布区式样。这一分布区式样的属在我国共有33个,隶属于27科。作者对这一分布区式样的属进行分析,论述这一分布区式样的特征,推测它们大多可能在中生代起源于古南大陆并且主要是第三纪古热带区系成分。     

COLEOCHAETE AND THE ORIGIN OF LAND PLANTS

For a century the green alga Coleochaete has figured prominently in considerations of the origins of land plants (embryophytes). Certain of its advanced features contributed to Bower's (1908) theories on the origin of the land plant sporophyte by intercalation. Though Bower's ideas were disputed in later years, recent investigations of Coleochaete and other green algae have lent strong support to them. At present it appears that further study of Coleochaete and other charophycean algae may contribute much to our understanding of how a number of plant features, including reproductive ones, originated.