钙在IAA诱导绿豆下胚轴原生质体膨大过程中的作用

含钙培养液(对照)和仅用IAA处理的原生质体的体积和~(45)Ca~(2 )放射性强度均无变化。IAA处理含钙培养液中的原生质体,5min后~(45)Ca~(2 )积累明显增多,体积开始膨大。处理30min时~(45)Ca~(2 )积累最多,此时原生质体的膨大效应最好;随后~(45)Ca~(2 )积累和膨大效应逐渐下降。K~ 、Zn~(2 )、Ba~(2 )、Mg~(2 )等也可在一定程度上代替Ca~(2 )使原生质体体积膨大。原生质体的吸水在膨大中起着一定作用。EGTA、LaCl_3和verapamil均抑制IAA诱导的原生质体~(45)Ca~(2 )积累和体积膨大。说明Ca~(2 )可能在6-BA诱导原生质体膨大的过程中起着重要作用。     

光敏色素对黄化绿豆幼苗下胚轴原生质体钙吸收的调节

红光引起黄化绿豆(Phaseolus raditus L.)幼苗下胚轴原生质体积累~(45)Ca~(2 ),在光辐照度未达到饱和值前,~(45)Ca~(2 )积累量与光照强度或光照时间呈正相关;远红光可逆转红光引起的~(45)Ca~(2 )积累,~(45)Ca~(2 )积累的多寡取决于最后一次是照射红光还是远红光,表明光敏色素对Ca~(2 )吸收具有调节作用。     

LOCALIZATION OF DEHYDROGENASE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE IN THE ABSCISSION ZONE OF BEAN LEAVES

Leaf abscission in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ‘Contender’ is associated with enzymatic changes during and prior to separation. Deblading resulted in a localized increase in dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in the abscission zone. Increased enzyme activities were observed 24–48 hr after deblading. In debladed plants separation was complete in 6–8 days. At separation, dehydrogenase activity appeared to decrease and localization was specific to the protective layer, while the petiole side had no activity. In contrast, acid phosphatase activity was observed in some layers of cells on the petiole side after separation. Ethylene treatment promoted abscission and separation occurred in 24–48 hr in both debladed and intact plants. No protective layer was formed during ethylene-induced abscission. Enzymatic changes similar to those observed in debladed control plants were observed with ethylene treatment. Ethylene induced an additional abscission layer between the pulvinus and petiole, where an abscission layer normally does not form. In this ethylene-induced abscission layer, similar enzyme activities were detected.     

向日葵柱头,花柱和珠孔中钙分布的超微细胞化学定位

用焦锑酸盐沉淀法对向日葵（ＨｅｌｉａｎｔｈｕｓａｎｎｕｕｓＬ．）授粉前后柱头、花柱和珠孔中的钙进行了超微细胞化学定位。同时还运用Ｘ射线能谱（ＥＤＸ）和波谱（ＷＤＸ）两种方法进行了Ｘ射线定性分析,证明了前法所得沉淀确系焦锑酸钙。观察表明,花粉萌发和花粉管生长所经的柱头接受面,花柱引导组织和珠孔引导组织中含钙较柱头、花柱和珠孔的其它部位明显地多。柱头乳突细胞的表面和花柱引导组织的胞间基质中、尤其胞间基质与细胞壁外层相接之处钙很密集。在珠孔外端引导组织中,以角质层为界,钙主要分布于其近珠柄侧。花粉管壁果胶质层中有相当多的钙。结合向日葵中已有的研究和其他文献,讨论了钙的分布与花粉管生长的关系     

阳离子及ATP对绿豆线粒体膨胀与收缩的影响

本文报道了一价阳离子 K~+、Na~+及两价阳离子 Mg~(++)、Ca~(++)以及 ATP 对绿豆线粒体膨胀和收缩的影响。K~+、Na~+在低渗条件下引起线粒体瞬时的迅速膨胀。在同样离子强度下K~+引起的膨胀大于 Na~+。ATP 和 Mg~(++)能诱发低渗条件下膨胀线粒体的收缩,但对等渗和高渗 KCl 或 Nacl 溶液中膨胀的线粒体无明显作用。生理浓度的 Mg~(++)、Ca~(++)在低渗条件下引起线粒体缓慢的但幅度较大的膨胀,5mmol/l ATP 引起这种膨胀线粒体的部分收缩。1mmol/lca~(++)在含0.125mmol/l KCl 或在含0.25mol/l甘露醇的等渗介质中几乎不引起膨胀,而ATP 促进大幅度膨胀,10mmol/l MgCl_2引起这种膨胀线粒体的部分收缩。2mmol/l MgCl_2在含有0.25mol/l 甘露醇的等渗介质中引起明显膨胀,ATP 促进这种膨胀。0.125mol/lKCl+2mmol/l MgCl_2为肌动蛋白从单体聚合成多聚体所必须的条件。在此条件下,线粒体几乎不膨胀,而加入 ATP 后则促进大幅度膨胀。在电子显微镜下观察了等渗及低渗条件下线粒体形态变化。     

THE SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF CALCIUM ION IN MAMMALIAN MYOCARDIUM

This study was designed to investigate the proposition that subcellular calcium is sequestered in specific sites in mammalian myocardium. 29 functioning dog papillary muscles were fixed through the intact vascular supply by means of osmium tetroxide containing a 2% concentration of potassium pyroantimonate (K₂H₂Sb₂O₇·₄H₂O). Tissue examined in the electron microscope showed a consistent and reproducible localization of the electron-opaque pyroantimonate salts of sodium and calcium to distinct sites in the tissue. Sodium pyroantimonate was found exclusively in the extracellular space and clustered at the sarcolemmal membrane. Calcium pyroantimonate, on the other hand, identified primarily by its susceptibility to removal by chelation with EGTA and EDTA, was consistently found densely concentrated in the lateral sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and over the sarcomeric I bands. M zones were virtually free of precipitate. The implications of these findings with respect to various parameters of muscle function are discussed.     

Ca2+对小麦种根及其根毛生长发育的影响

低浓度的ＣａＣｌ２对小麦种根生长、根毛发生和生长无明显影响,高浓度的ＣａＣｌ２（０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对种根和根毛生长有抑制作用,但不影响根毛的发生。Ｃａ２＋专一性螯合剂ＥＧＴＡ抑制种根生长和根毛的发生及生长,添加一定浓度的外源ＣａＣｌ２,这种抑制作用可被消除。ＣａＭ抑制剂ＴＦＰ（三氟拉嗪）和ＣＰＺ（氯丙嗪）对种根生长、根毛发生和生长均有抑制作用,添加外源ＣａＭ可减弱或消除这种抑制作用。     

绿豆芽中微管蛋白异型的研究

采用 DEAE-Sephadex-A50离子交换层析和 PGGE 电泳对绿豆(Phaseolus radiatus L.)芽中的微管蛋白进行分离。Western blot 和免疫点印迹分析发现了两种聚合度不同的微管蛋白异型。单体微管蛋白亚基的分子量为56kD 和56.5kD;四聚体微管蛋白亚基的分子量为54kD 和54.5kD。实验结果表明微管蛋白α、β亚基组装过程是一个相互选择的过程,这种现象可能与微管蛋白基因表达有关。     

DISTRIBUTION AND CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF ASCORBIC ACID OXIDASE IN THE MAIZE ROOT TIP

Mertz , Dan . (U. Missouri, Columbia.) Distribution and cellular localization of ascorbic acid oxidase in the maize root tip. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(5): 405–413. Illus. 1961.—Ascorbic acid oxidase has been identified by its various properties in homogenates of the maize root tip. Following centrifugal fractionation of the gross homogenate, approximately 30% of the total oxidase activity was found in the soluble fraction, while roughly 70% was bound to the cell wall debris. Quantitative measurements of serial segments revealed that the bound oxidase per cell increases with cell elongation. The very striking parallelism of the bound oxidase activity with that of cell elongation suggests that ascorbic acid oxidase may in some way participate in growth of the cell wall, and have very little to do with cellular respiration.     

蚕豆细胞核仁和核质中剪接因子SC35的定位研究

本文以蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)根端分生组织细胞为材料,以抗SC35抗体为探针,在电镜下对SC35在高等植物细胞中的存在与否和分布特点进行了研究,发现经抗SC35抗体标记后,标明SC35位置的胶体金颗粒主要分布于核仁的致密纤维组分(DFC)、核质的染色质间颗粒(IGs)和染色质周边纤维处(PFs),而核仁的纤维中心(FC)、核仁液泡和集缩染色质团块中央部位的金颗粒很少。DFC, IGs和PFs处的金颗粒平均密度分别为65.89个/μm~2和36.28个/μm~2,远远高于集缩染色质团块中央部位以及FC和核仁液泡处的金颗粒平均密度(分别为5.90个/μm~2和6.26个/μm~2)。说明蚕豆细胞核仁的DFC,核质的IGs和PFs处富含剪接因子SC35。本文研究结果表明,SC35或SC35类蛋白在蚕豆细胞核质中的分布与其在哺乳动物细胞核质中的分布规律相似。同时本文首次报道了SC35或SC35类蛋白存在于核仁中。     

蓝光对绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织生长和呼吸的影响

与白光和黑暗条件相比,蓝光明显促进绿豆(Vigna radiata (Linn.)Wilczek)下胚轴愈伤组织的形成和生长。培养到18d,蓝光下生长的愈伤组织鲜重分别是白光和黑暗下的120％和191％。三种条件下愈伤组织的呼吸速率有明显的不同,培养5d,呼吸速率以蓝光处理的最高,白光处理的次之,黑暗处理的最低;培养14d,与上述相反,呼吸速率由高到低则依次是黑暗、白光和蓝光。应用呼吸抑制剂碘乙酸、丙二酸和正磷酸钠试验及对6-磷酸-葡萄糖脱氢酶活性测定的结果表明,培养5d,蓝光和白光处理时磷酸已糖支路(HMP)明显增加,被碘乙酸 丙二酸抑制后的呼吸占总呼吸的34％～36％,黑暗处理的仅占总呼吸9％～11％ 绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织中亦存在抗氰交替途径,黑暗处理时,此种途径的最大容量明显高于蓝光和白光处理的,培养14d,黑暗处理占总呼吸的31％左右.而蓝光和白光处理的则占20％以下。     

THE CYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN ROOT TIP CELLS

The intracellular distribution of ascorbic acid was studied in frozen-dried root tips of Allium cepa and Vicia faba by the silver nitrate procedure. The sites of the ascorbic acid as indicated by the deposited silver appear as spherical (0.2 to 0.6 µ in diameter) cytoplasmic particles. The site appears to have small amounts of lipides and to be rich in ribonucleic acid. These particles are concluded to be submicroscopic in size and associated, in the elongating cell, with the cell surface. In the meristematic cells they appear fewer in number and are distributed throughout the cytoplasm.     

A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF PEROXIDASE LOCALIZATION IN THE ONION ROOT TIP

Peroxidase activity in the onion root tip was localized by the diaminobenzidine procedure and studied at the light and electron microscope levels. Reaction product was observed in the cell wall, on the plasmalemma, in the Golgi apparatus cisternae and vesicles, in young and developing vacuoles, in the endoplasmic reticulum, and on both soluble and membrane-bound ribosomes. The reaction product at the various cellular and subcellular sites occurs in distinct tissue and developmental patterns.