Taxonomic review of the genus Aulacorthum (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) for the Korean peninsula, with the description of one new species

Twelve species of the genus Aulacorthum Mordvilko 1914 (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) are recognized from the Korean Peninsula. One new species, Aulacorthum ixeridis n. sp., is described for apterous and alate viviparous females on Ixeris chinensis var. graminifolia (Ledeb.) H. C. Fu and Lactuca indica L. (Asteraceae). From the allied species, Aulacorthum nepetifolii Miyazaki 1968, Aulacorthum ixeridis n. sp. is distinguished by the relatively short ultimate rostral segment (0.83–1.07 × as long as the second segment hind tarsus), the dense spinules on head and the triangular short cauda. Host plants of the Korean Aulacorthum are reviewed and the identification key to subgenera and species is also presented.     

One new record of the genus Aulacorthum (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Korea

Aulacorthum vandenboschi was recognized for the first time in Korea on Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense in Jeju-do. The apterous viviparous female is redescribed, illustrated, and measured. To date, 15 species of the genus Aulacorthum have been recorded on the Korean Peninsula. A key to species of the genus Aulacorthum from the Korean Peninsula is provided.     

Taxonomic review of the genus Macrosiphum (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) for the Korean Peninsula, with description of a new species

Eight species of the genus Macrosiphum Passerini 1860 (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) are recognized from the Korean Peninsula. A new species, Macrosiphum ( Macrosiphum ) paektusani n. sp., is described herein for apterous and alate viviparous females on Rosa marretii Lev. (Rosaceae). The taxonomic position of Macrosiphum ( Macrosiphum ) cornifoliae Shinji 1924, com. rev., is transferred from the genus Sitobion Mordvilko 1914 to its original position. Host plants of the Korean Macrosiphum are reviewed and the identification key to subgenera and species is also presented.     

不同寄主植物叶片上蚜虫的形态适应

昆虫对寄主植物之间的形态适应性是两者相互关系的重要组成部分, 本文以植食性蚜虫为研究对象, 研究其对不同种类寄主植物叶片的形态适应。选取寄生于禾本科、 杨柳科、 壳斗科和松科4科7属植物叶片上的26种蚜虫, 基于有翅孤雌蚜和无翅孤雌蚜, 在光学显微镜下观察、 测量并统计比较了37个形态特征及其种内变异。以克隆平均值为基础数据,选取与蚜虫取食和附着于植物表面相关的形态特征（喙末端、跗节Ⅰ、Ⅱ和爪）为变量,分别得出无翅、 有翅孤雌蚜和所有蚜型3个聚类分支图,并将各种蚜虫的寄主植物科、 属分别对应到分支图上。结果表明：体型、腹管和触角的形态在不同蚜虫的科间有一定差别, 喙末端、 跗节Ⅰ、跗节Ⅱ及爪的形态则在不同的寄主植物间存在差异; 在蚜虫种内各形态特征存在一定变异, 变异系数的范围为1.89%~26.08%。3个聚类分析的结果显示,不同种类蚜虫形成的分支基本对应不同科、属的寄主植物;而杨一条角蚜Doraphis populi、三堡瘿绵蚜Epipemphigus imaicus和杨柄叶瘿绵蚜Pemphigus matsumurai则处在较为特殊的分支位置, 那是因为前者为次生寄主型, 后两者均能产生虫瘿。研究结果表明寄生于不同植物相同部位上的蚜虫存在形态特征的明显分异, 对应不同的寄主植物, 蚜虫与寄主植物之间存在着形态适应关系。     

Morphological separation of aphid species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomyzus leonuri</Emphasis> Bozhko, 1961 and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomyzus alboapicalis</Emphasis> (Theobald, 1916) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)

Aphids of the species Cryptomyzus alboapicalis (Theobald, 1916) and Cryptomyzus leonuri Bozhko, 1961 are very similar morphologically, although exploit different host plants (Lamium album and Leonurus cardiaca, respectively). Morphological characters proposed for the separation of this species couple in the identification key to European Cryptomyzus species appeared to be of little discriminatory power when applied to apterous viviparous females from clonal lineages, whilst alate viviparous females of C. leonuri were not included in the key at all. The aim of this study was to find reliable morphological characters and their combinations for the separation of apterous and alate viviparous females of C. alboapicalis and C. leonuri. Forward stepwise discriminant analysis based on characters without statistically significant (P < 0.05) correlation (|r| ≥ 0.50) with body length resulted in canonical functions enabling correct classification of 95–100% of specimens from clonal lineages involved in the analysis with a priori specified group membership. The post hoc classification gave 95–100% correct identification of individuals from clonal and 85–100% from field-collected samples. The discriminative values of single morphological characters and canonical functions are discussed and modified key for the morphological identification of C. alboapicalis and C. leonuri apterous and alate viviparous females is suggested.     

New records of the genus Micromyzodium (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Korea

The aphid genus Micromyzodium David, 1958 is newly recognized in the Korean Peninsula. This genus is characterized by very long dorsal abdominal hairs, almost 3 to 4 times as long as the basal diameter of antennal segment III. Colonies of two Micromyzodium species, Micromyzodium kuwakusae Uye, 1924 and Micromyzodium nipponicum Moritsu, 1949, were collected on Fatoua villosa Nakai (Urticales: Moraceae) and Perilla frutescens Britton (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), respectively. In this study, important characteristics are redescribed, illustrated, and measured for the apterous viviparous females of these species.     

Review of Eumyzus Shinji (Homoptera: Aphididae) with descriptions of two new species from the Indian region

Abstract. The genus Eumyzus Shinji is reviewed. Two new species, E.hydrangi sp.n. infesting Hydrangea scandens and E.pruni sp.n. infesting Prunus cornuta , are described from the Garhwal range of northwest Himalaya. A key to the apterous viviparous females of Eumyzus spp. is given.     

Key to Indian species of Periphyllus including four new species and hitherto unknown morphs from North-west Himalaya (Homoptera: Aphididae)

ABSTRACT. Four new species of Periphyllus; P.aceriphaga Chakrabarti & Mandal, P.caesium Chakrabarti & Saha, P.garhwalensis Chakrabarti & Mandal and P.pallidus Chakrabarti & Saha are described. Hitherto unknown apterous viviparous female of P.villosii Chakrabarti and four dimorphs are also recorded. Keys to distinguish the species of apterous viviparous females, alate viviparous females, alate males and dimorphs are provided.     

Key to the genus Pentamyzus Hille Ris Lambers (Homoptera, Aphididae), with a description of a new species from the Falkland Islands

ABSTRACT. A key to the apterous viviparous females of the genus Pentamyzus is given and the host plants of the four known species are discussed. P. tenuis sp.n., which exhibits a highly specialized grass-feeding morphology, is described from Poa alopecurus in the Falkland Islands.     

中国烟管蚜属分类记述(半翅目,蚜科)

研究了中国烟管蚜属Vesiculaphis del Guercio,该属隶属于蚜科Aphididae蚜亚科Aphidinae长管蚜族Macrosiphini,中国已知两种:番木瓜烟管蚜Vesiculaphis caricis(Fullaway)和中国新纪录种,马醉木烟管蚜V.pieridis Basu。文中提供了中国物种分种检索表,对新纪录种提供了不同生物型的形态记述、特征图和照片,包括1个兼有无翅孤雌蚜和有翅孤雌蚜性状的特殊个体的描记。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆和英国自然历史博物馆.     

Revisionary notes on the genus Metopolophium Mordvilko, 1914, with keys to European species and descriptions of two new taxa (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)

New and extensively revised keys are given to help identification of the European species of Metopolophium Mordvilko, 1914. The morphs keyed are (1) the apterous viviparous females from Gramineac, (2) the alate viviparous females and (3) the males and oviparous females of those species that overwinter as eggs on Rosa spp. Taxonomic notes are given on some individual species. Two new taxa, M. fasciatum sp. nov., and M. festucae (Theobald) cerealium subsp. nov. are described. Metopolophium myrmecophilum (Theobald) becomes a new synonym of M. festucae (Theobald), sensu stricto , and the resulting question of the possible conservation of the latter, which is the junior subjective synonym, is discussed. A revised checklist of the European species of Metopolophium is given.     

A new species of Rhopalosiphum (Hemiptera, Aphididae) on Chusquea tomentosa (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) from Costa Rica

The new species Rhopalosiphum chusqueae Pérez Hidalgo & Villalobos Muller, is described from apterous viviparous females caught on Chusquea tomentosa in Cerro de la Muerte (Costa Rica). The identity of the species is supported both by the morphological features and by a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA containing the 5' region of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) and on the nuclear gene coding for the Elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α). The taxonomic position of the new species is discussed. An identification key to the Aphidinae species living on plants of Bambusoideae (Poaceae) is presented.     

榆梨绵蚜一些型与卵的新发现和记述（同翅目：蚜总科：瘿绵蚜科）

对榆梨绵蚜Ｅｒｉｏｓｏｍａ ｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍ ｄｉｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍ Ｚｈａｎｇ,１９８０的干母,无翅干雌,有翅干雌,无翅侨蚜,有翅性母,雌,雄性蚜放卵进行了描述,除有翅干雌外,其余各型与卵均为首镒记述。所有研究用标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆内。     

Redescription of Neoamphorophora ledi (Wahlgren, 1938) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Japan

Apterous viviparous females of Neoamphorophora ledi (Wahlgren, 1938) living on Rhododendron degronianum Carr. (Ericaceae) on Honshu island, Japan, are redescribed and the hitherto unknown alate viviparous females are here described. Rhododendron degronianum is a new host plant species for this aphid. This species is recorded for aphid fauna of Eastern Palearctic for the first time. Keys to species of Neoamphorophora based on apterous and alate viviparous females are given. A key to aphid genera with swollen siphunculi living on species of Rhododendron worldwide based on apterous viviparous females is also provided.     

Ceratovacuna atrovirensa Qiao,a new species from China (Aphididae: Hormaphdinae)

Ceratovacuna atrovirensa Qiao sp.n., a woolly aphid on Indocalamus tessellatus from China, is described and illustrated. The new species is supported by both morphological and molecular data. An updated key to apterous viviparous females of Ceratovacuna is provided. The type specimens are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8D012AE4-D4FD-4AF7-B2AC-3CCB22ADE188.     

Mitochondrial COI and morphological evidence for host specificity of the black cherry aphids Myzus cerasi (Fabricius, 1775) collected from different cherry tree species in Europe (Hemiptera,Aphididae)

Partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene of forty eight European and two Turkish population samples of Myzus cerasi from different winter hosts (Prunus spp.) were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. The analysed M. cerasi samples emerged as paraphyletic relative to a Myzus borealis sample used as an out-group, and formed two major clades in neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees, corresponding to subspecies living specifically on Prunus avium and P. cerasus. Multivariate discriminant analysis (method of canonical variates) was applied to find out if morphological variation of samples correlated with mitochondrial COI and host plant information. Mean scores on the first two canonical variables clustered samples fully in accordance with their COI haplotypes and host plants confirming the existence of two morphologically similar winter host - specific subspecies of M. cerasi in Europe. No single morphological character enabled satisfactory discrimination between apterous viviparous females of the two subspecies. A three-character linear discriminant function enabled 92.37% correct identification of apterous viviparous females of M. cerasi cerasi (n = 118) and 93.64% of M. cerasi pruniavium (n = 110). A key for the morphological identification of the two subspecies is presented and their taxonomic status is discussed.