献血员巨细胞病毒感染的研究

用ＰＣＲ法和ＤＮＡ杂交法检测同一献血员的白细胞及血清中的ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ,并用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清中的ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ（测四个不度）,连续两年共检测白细胞和血清样本各２００人份。ＰＣＲ法检测白细胞中的ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为６３％和７０％,ＤＮＡ杂交法检测的阳性率为４２％和５０％。ＰＣＲ法检测血清中的ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ的阳性率为４９％和５３％,ＤＮＡ杂交法检测的阳性率为３３％和３９％。Ｈ     

应用树状DNA杂交(DDH)对生殖道尖锐湿疣中HPV DNA的分型检测

从手术切除的50例生殖道尖锐湿疣新鲜标本中,以及15例正常人血清中,提取基因组DNA,同时用树状DNA杂交(dendrimer DNA hybridizalion,DDH)技术和PCR进行HPV DNA的分型检测.结果50例尖锐湿疣中,以DDH方法检测,感染HPV6型者20例,感染11型者24例,6/11型混合感染者3例,阴性3例,总检测率达94%;以PCR方法检测,HPV6型感染者21例,11型感染者24例,6/11型混合感染者3例,阴性2例,总检测率为96%.15例正常人血清中,以DDH方法检测,HPV感染的假阳性率为0%;以PCR检测,假阳性率为6.67%.还以HPV阳性标本对DDH方法做了敏感度的测定,结果阳性病例DNA检测最低浓度为97.28pg/ml.研究表明,DDH技术具有较高敏感性和高特异性,且成本较低,操作安全简便,可适用于基层中小医院较大样本量筛查.     

麻疹疑似病例血清学与病原学检测结果比较

目的分析麻疹疑似病例血清学和病原学的检测结果,比较两种检测方法,为麻疹的早期诊断提供实验室支持。方法同时采集2017-2018年北京市海淀区麻疹疑似病例的血清和咽拭子标本,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测血清中的麻疹IgM抗体,用荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)方法检测咽拭子标本中的麻疹病毒核酸。结果血清IgM抗体检测阳性率为11.54%,Real-time PCR法检测阳性率为44.23%,其检测阳性率显著高于血清检测阳性率,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.82,P0.01)。ELISA方法在出疹3 d内采集的阳性率为12.77%,Real-time PCR方法的阳性率为53.85%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.70,P0.01);ELISA方法在出疹3 d后采集的阳性率为0.00%,Real-time PCR方法的阳性率为15.38%,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。血清学检测敏感性为25.00%,病原学检测敏感性为95.83%,两种检测方法的阳性符合率为21.74%,阴性符合率为96.55%,总符合率为63.46%。ELISA和Real-time PCR法对有免疫史的病例检测阳性率分别为18.75%和37.50%,两种检测方法的阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.39,P0.05);对无免疫史或免疫史不详病例检测的阳性率分别为8.30%和47.20%,两种检测方法的阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.57,P0.01)。结论 Real-time PCR方法检测的阳性率和灵敏度均高于血清学检测方法,可以在日常检测工作中作为常规方法推广,无论采用哪种检测方法,应在出疹3 d内采集样本。     

肿瘤患者化疗后人巨细胞病毒活动性感染检测

探讨肿瘤患者化疗后人巨细胞病毒感染检测方法的应用价值。使用免疫组化法、酶联免疫吸附试验检测IgG/M抗体,以及实时荧光定量(FQ-PCR)检测HCMV DNA。47份全血标本中抗原阳性率为48.9%,平均抗原阳性细胞数7.9±8.1(1-65)/5×104WBC,HCMV DNA阳性率19.1%(10/47),HCMV DNA含量均值为6.320×105copies,白细胞HCMV-DNA阳性率51%(25/47),HCMV DNA含量均值为3.830×107 copies,HCMV pp65抗原阳性率为48.9%(23/47),IgG抗体均阳性,IgM抗体阳性率为23.4%(12/47),以PP65抗原阳性为对照,IgM抗体检测的敏感率仅为49.3%。在连续动态检测HCMV多种指标时,结合DNA及抗原动态检测具有更高临床应用价值。     

实验室2种检测小儿巨细胞病毒方法的比较

比较胶体金法和实时定量PCR法对小儿巨细胞病毒IgM抗体水平检测的敏感性及准确率。收集临床上243例小儿的血液标本,分别采用实时荧光定量PCR法和胶体金法检测这243例患者外周血巨细胞病毒IgM抗体水平,并对这2种检测方法的阳性率和敏感性进行比较分析。实时荧光定量PCR法阳性率为11.93%,胶体金法为6.58%,2者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在HCMV-DNA检测阳性患者中,IgM抗体阳性组HCMV-DNA拷贝数显著高于阴性组(P<0.01),比较这2种检测方法的敏感性,实时荧光定量PCR法的敏感性为72.5%,胶体金法的敏感性为40%,两者差距有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实时荧光定量PCR法与胶体金法相比,对巨细胞病毒IgM抗体检测具有较高的敏感性和准确率,值得临床推广应用。     

孕中期巨细胞病毒宫内感染与血Free-β-HCG水平的相关性研究

目的:通过检测孕中期妇女人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)活动性感染、宫内感染以及血Free-β-HCG水平,分析血Free-β-HCG水平与HCMV宫内感染的相关性,初步探讨其可能影响机制.方法:通过酶免法测孕妇血HCMV-IgM和定荧光定量PCR对孕中期妇女血清和羊水中HCMV-DNA的检测以及DILFIA法(时间分辨免疫荧光法)定量检测孕中期妊娠妇女血Free-β-HCG的含量,研究HCMV感染状况与Free-β-HCG之间的相关性,探讨HCMV对母血Free-β-HCG水平的影响.结果:718例样本中共检出HCMV-IgM阳性和(或)HCMV-DNA阳性者共43例并进一步行产前诊断羊水HCMV-DNA阳性14例.孕中期HCMV活动性感染率为5.98％,HCMV宫内感染率为2.22％.孕中期感染组Free-β-HCG含量:7.32± 2.25 ng/ml,非感染组:8.47± 3.17 ng/ml,对照组:10.10± 3.67 ng/ml.结论:HCMV宫内感染组比非感染组孕中期外周血Free-β-hcG的测定水平降低,两者结果之间的差异具有统计学意义.HCMV可通过损伤胎盘绒毛滋养层细胞,使Free-β-hcG的分泌减少.     

HCMV-DNA定量检测和HCMV-IgG抗体AI检测在儿童HCMV感染诊断中的临床价值

摘要 目的：探讨人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）-DNA定量检测和HCMV-免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗体亲和力指数（AI）检测在儿童HCMV感染诊断中的临床价值。方法：收集高度疑似HCMV活动性感染患儿血清样本103例作为研究组,健康体检儿童血清样本94例作为对照组。分析HCMV-DNA定量检测结果和HCMV-IgG抗体AI检测结果,并比较不同年龄、不同性别患儿HCMV-DNA阳性结果检出率和低HCMV-IgG抗体AI检出情况。结果：研究组血清HCMV-DNA阳性率为33.01%（34/103）,对照组血清HCMV-DNA均为阴性,研究组血清HCMV-DNA阳性率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组血清低HCMV-IgG抗体AI检出率为13.59%（14/103）,对照组未检出低HCMV-IgG抗体AI,研究组血清低HCMV-IgG抗体AI检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组不同性别之间患儿血清的HCMV-DNA阳性率、低HCMV-IgG抗体AI检测结果均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。研究组年龄1～5岁患儿血清HCMV-DNA阳性率明显低于年龄1 d～<6个月和年龄6个月～<1岁患儿（P<0.05）。三个年龄段患儿的血清低HCMV-IgG抗体AI检测结果均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：1岁以下儿童更易受到HCMV感染,HCMV-DNA定量检测和HCMV-IgG抗体AI检测结果可以为临床早期诊断和治疗HCMV感染提供有效依据。     

乙型肝炎病毒复制水平对原发性肝癌发病的影响

目的:探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制水平对原发性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)发病的影响.方法:调查226例HCC患者和51例乙型肝炎后肝硬化(LC)患者,分别应用ELISA法和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物(HBV-M)和DNA含量.结果:HCC患者中HBsAg阳性率为96.9%;168例HCC患者和51乙型肝炎后LC患者接受HBV DNA定量检测.阳性率分别为85.1%、88.2%,两组患者lg HBV DNA均服从正态分布,HBV DNA的均数为105.49±1.49拷贝/ml、106.15±1.38拷贝/ml,乙型肝炎后LC组患者血清HBV DNA含量较高(P＜0.05);乙型肝炎后LC患者中HBeAg阳性率较HCC组高(P＜0.05);HCC患者血清HBVDNA含量与HBeAg阳性没有明显的相关性(P＞0.05),乙型肝炎后LC患者血清HBV DNA含量与HBeAg阳性密切相关(P＜0.05);两组患者血清HBV DNA含量与性别、年龄、感染HBV的时间等因素均无明显的相关性(均为P＞0.05).结论:我国HCC的发病与HBV感染密切相关,但可能与患者是否存在HBV高水平复制无关.     

利用ELISA与荧光定量PCR技术筛查新生儿巨细胞病毒感染水平及探讨与肝脏损害的相关性

目的:了解目前淄博地区新生儿感染巨细胞病毒(HCMV)的现状,找出最佳检测方法,提高诊断水平,并探讨巨细胞病毒对肝功能的损害.方法:采用抗体捕获酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)及荧光定量PCR(qPCR)对2011年12月至2012年5月出生的2596例新生几分别进行血清HCMV-IgM抗体和尿液HCMV-DNA定量检测,并对符合HCMV感染的阳性标本进行肝功能回顾性分析.结果:用ELISA检测血清CMV-IgM阳性29例(1.117％),用qPCR检测尿液HCMV-DNA阳性39例(1.502％),两种方法阳性符合率71.79％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);共有40例阳性患儿回顾性分析肝功能指标血清总胆红素(TBIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)均高于正常值,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:淄博地区新生儿巨细胞病毒感染率较高,危害性大,对新生儿早期检测和诊断十分重要,定量荧光PCR法检测敏感性要高于ELISA法检测,具有良好的应用价值;检测出的HCMV感染患儿肝脏易受病毒侵害,造成肝功能损害.     

花粉管通道技术转化番木瓜的初步研究

以番木瓜"solo Ⅱ"号植株为受体材料,用花粉管通道法进行了番木瓜环斑病毒外壳蛋白基因(PRSV-CP)278 bp片段的遗传转化.采用质粒DNA和农杆菌菌液两种导入液,分别处理花187和232朵,收获成熟番木瓜105和30个.座果率分别为56.15%和12.93%,随机选择每种载体的种子100粒播种.成株率分别为61%和60%.对T1幼苗(除含空载体外)全部进行PCR检测.检测结果为质粒DNA和农杆菌菌液两种导入液转化所得的幼苗阳性率分别为50.54%和51.22%.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.