Notes on fungi from north-east India — XXII some species of hypoxylon from Assam

Summary Hypoxylon stygium (Lév)Sacc.,H. archeri Berk.,H. bovei Speg. var.microspora Miller,H. truncatum (Schw.ex Fr.)Miller,H. nummularium Bull. ex Fr. var.merillii Miller (=Hypoxylon asarcodes (Theissen)Miller?) andH. deustum (Hoff. ex Fr.)Grev. (=Ustulina zonata (Lév.)Sacc.), occurring in the tea gardens of Assam are illustrated and described. In addition, the following species ofHypoxylon hitherto reported from this country are enlisted:H. multiforme Fr. (=H. atropurpureum Fr., =H. hookeri Berk.)H. fragiforme (Pers. ex Fr.)Kickx. (=H. coccineum Bull.),H. rubiginosum Pers. ex Fr. (=H. fusco-purpureum (Schw.)Berk. et Curt., =H. nectrioides Speg., =H. perforatum Schw. ex Fr.),H. hypomiltum Mont.,H. indicum (=H. haematostroma Mont.? =H. distillatum Berk. et Fr.),H. investiens (Schw.)Curt.,H. crocopeplum Berk. et Curt. (=H. ochraceo-flavum Berk. et Cooke),H. pistillare Pers. ex Fr.,H. haematostroma Mont. (=H. vividum Berk. et Br.).H. jecorium Berk. et Rav. (=Nummularia cinnabarina P. Henn.),H. suborbiculare (=Nummularia suborbicularis (Welw. et Currey() =H. sclerophaeum Berk. et Curt? Sacc.),H. truncatum (Schw. ex Fr.)Miller (=H. annulatum (Schw.)Mont.) andH. stygium (Lév.)Sacc.     

A phylogenetic analysis of the lichen familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales); a new generic classification and notes on character evolution

A phylogenetic analysis of the familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales, lichenized ascomycetes) has resulted in a new generic classification. Notes on character evolution are given. The generaSphaerophorus s. str.,Bunodophoron andLeifidium, gen. nov., are accepted.Pleurocybe andPseudosphaerophorus are considered synonyms ofBunodophoron andThysanophoron is considered synonym toSphaerophorus. The following new combinations are proposed:Bunodophoron coomerense (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. diplotypum (Vain.)Wedin,B. dodgei (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. flaccidum (Kantvilas & Wedin)Wedin,B. formosanum (Zahlbr.)Wedin,B. imshaugii (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. insigne (Laurer)Wedin,B. kinabaluense (M. Satô)Wedin,B. macrocarpum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. madagascareum (Nyl.)Wedin,B. microsporum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. murrayi (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. notatum (Tibell)Wedin,B. ohlssonii (Wedin)Wedin,B. patagonicum (C. W. Dodge)Wedin,B. ramuliferum (I. M. Lamb)Wedin,B. scrobiculatum (C. Bab.)Wedin,B. tibellii (Wedin)Wedin,B. whakapapaense (Wedin)Wedin, andLeifidium tenerum (Laurer)Wedin.     

Deuteromycetes from jabalpur-II

Summary In this paper eighteen fungi belonging to the form class Deuteromycetes are described from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. Of these one, viz.Sarcinella palawanensis (Syd.)V. P. Sahni (=Stigmella palawanensis Syd.) is described as a new combination. Among the new fungus records for India may be citedSeptoria cassiicola Kell. &Swingle onCassia fistula L.,Coniothyrium fuckelii Sacc. onAnogeissus latifolia Wall.,Phomopsis bakeri Syd. onFicus bengalensis L.,Cercospora woodfordiae Petch. onWoodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz.,Cercospora guanicencis Young onCaesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., andCercospora chevalieri P. Saccardo onAmorphophallus companulatus Blume.Phyllosticta buteae Syd. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Colletotrichum dracaenae-fragrentis (Mori)Petrak &Sydow onDracaena brachystachys Hook.,Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. &Curt.)M. B. Ellis onCassia fistula L. andCassia tora L.,Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.)Link. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze andCercospora bougainvilleae P. N. Rao onBougainvillea glabra Choisy are new state records.Discosia artocreas Tode exFr. onHolarrhena antidysentrica Wall.,Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.)Butler &Bisby onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Alternaria tenuis Nees exFr. onYucca alofolia L.,Alternaria tenuissima (Nees exFr.)Wiltshire onBougainvillea glabra Choisy, andCurvularia lunata (Wakker)Boed. onCassia tora L. are new host records.     

Interspecific hybridizations among species of theElymus semicostatus andElymus tibeticus groups (Poaceae)

Interspecific hybridizations were made between species of theE. semicostatus group, viz.,E. semicostatus (Nees exSteud.)Meld.,E. validus (Meld.)B. Salomon,E. abolinii (Drob.)Tzvel., andE. fedtschenkoi Tzvel., and species of theE. tibeticus group, viz.,E. pendulinus (Nevski)Tzvel.,E. tibeticus (Meld.)Singh,E. shandongensis B. Salomon, andE. gmelinii (Ledeb.)Tzvel., as well as among species within theE. tibeticus group. All species are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) and possess SY genomes. Meiotic pairing data from 24 hybrids involving 17 interspecific combinations are presented. The average number of chiasmata per cell ranged from 17.91 to 26.20 in hybrids within theE. tibeticus group, compared with 7.26 to 22.04 in hybrids between the two species groups. Despite the extensive collection of cytological data, there was no definite evidence for confirming or disproving the separate existence of the two groups.     

Bemerkungen zu einigenStipagrostis-Arten (Gramineae) aus Afrika und Arabien

Summary A new species from Egypt (Sinai) and Arabia is described asStipagrostis multinerva H.Scholz. Stipagrostis arabiaefelicis Bor 1967 is a synonym ofSt. drarii (V.Täckholm)de Winter 1963 (Aristida drarii V.Täckholm 1941). The taxonomic status ofStipagrostis foexiana (Maire etWilczek)de Winter (Aristida obtusa subsp.pubescens Andreánszky) in North and South Africa is discussed. Furthermore some new data on taxonomy and distribution of the following species are recorded:Stipagrostis acutiflora subsp.algeriensis (Henrard) comb, nov. et stat. nov.,St. ciliata (Desf.)de Winter,St. lanata (Forsk.)de Winter,St. libyca (H.Scholz) comb, nov.,St. papposa (Trin. etRupr.)de Winter,St. raddiana (Savi)de Winter,St. shawii (H.Soholz) comb, nov., andSt. sokotrana (Vierhapper)de Winter.      

Some results and prospects of the utilization of beneficial entomophagous insects in the control of insect pests in Georgian SSR (USSR)

Résumé Nous avons brièvement indiqué dans cette note les travaux de lutte biologique entrepris en Géorgie par introduction d'entomophages parasites et prédateurs contre des Insectes nuisibles également introduits auparavant. Nous avons particulièrement souligné l'importance deAphelinus mali Muls. contreEriosoma lanigerum Hausm.,Rodalia cardinalis Muls. contreIcerya purchasi Mask.,Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. contrePseudococcus gahani Green,Lindorus lophanthae Blaisdell contre une série de Diaspidides (Aspidiotus hederae Vall.,A. destructor Sign.,Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morg.),Aonidiella citrina Coq.),Prospaltella berlesi How. contrePseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ.,Pseudaphycus malinus contrePseudococcus comstocki (Kuw.),Leptomastix dactylopii How. et Leptomastidea abnormis (Gyr.) contrePseudococcus vitis Niet.,Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. contreDendroctonus micans Kugel.      

Myxomycetes from Orissa (India)-III

Summary Six myxomycetous fungi,Cribraria intricata Schrad.,Elaeomyxa miyazakiensis (Emoto)Hagelst.,Stemonitis flavogenita Jahn,Didymium vaccinum (Dur. &Mont.)Buchet,Didymium minus (Lister)Morgan andPhysarella oblonga (Berk. &Curt.)Morgan have been figured and described form Cuttack, Orissa, of whichElaeomyxa miyazakiensis (Emoto) Hagelst.,Stemonitis flavogenita Jahn,Didymium vaccinum (Dur. &Mont.)Buchet,Didymium minus (Lister)Morgan are new records for India.     

Deuteromycetes from Jabalpur-I

Summary In the present paper twelve fungi belonging to the form class Deuteromycetes are described from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. Among these the new host records areMonochaetia carissae Munjal &Kapoor onCarissa spinarum L.,Pestalotia neglecta Thuem. onAtylosia scarabaeoides,Benth.,Pestalotia japonica Syd. onCelastrus paniculatus Willd.,Pestalotia theae Sawada var.minor Stey. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Pestalotia versicolor Speg. onBuchanania lanzan Spreng.,Colletotrichum dematium (Pers. exFr.)Grove onAmorphophallus sp.,Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. &Mag.)Bri. &Cav. onCassia tora L.,Coniella diplodiella (Speg.)Petrak &Syd. on.Anogeissus latifolia Wall.,Hendersonula toruloidea Nattrass onPhilodendron bipinnatifidum Schott. andMyrothecium roridum Tode exFr. onCasearia tomentosa roxb. The above fungi include two species (Pestalotia neglecta Thuem. andPestalotia theae Sawada var.minor Stey.) which have been described for the first time from this country.Sphaeropsis tumefasciens Hedges onCitrus medica L. var.acida L. is a new record from this state; andExcipularia narsapurensis Subramanian, also a new record from the state, is reported for the first time on a named host.     

Zur taxonomischen Stellung und Nomenklatur vonMicropus longifolius (Compositae-Inuleae)

Zusammenfassung Die unter den NamenMicropus longifolius Boiss. etReut. bzw.Cymbolaena longifolia (Boiss. etReut.)Smoljan. gut bekannte Art wurde zuerst alsStylocline griffithii A.Gray beschrieben. Ihre taxonomische Stellung in bezug auf die GattungenMicropus undStylocline wird diskutiert. Es erscheint am richtigsten, die Art in eine eigene monotypische Gattung zu stellen, ihr korrekter Name ist dannCymbolaena griffithii (A.Gray)Wagenitz, comb. nov.

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Summary The species usually known asMicropus longifolius Boiss. etReut. orCymbolaena longifolia (Boiss. etReut.)Smoljan. was described for the first time in 1873 asStylocline griffithii A.Gray. The taxonomic position in relation to the generaMicropus andStylocline is discussed. It seems most appropriate to regard this species as belonging to a monotypic genus. In this case its correct name isCymbolaena griffithii (A.Gray)Wagenitz, comb. nov.

     

Die GattungAdelocaryum Brand

Summary Adelocaryum anchusoides (Lindl.)Brand andA. capusii (Franch.)Brand are members of the genusLindelofia,A. Schlagintweitii Brand,A. erythraeum Brand,A. flexuosum Brand undA. malabaricum (C. B.Clarke)Brand are newly combined toCynoglossum, A. coelestinum (Lindl.)Brand is a species of subgenusEleutherostylum inCynoglossum in which genus it had already been placed byLindley.     

Nutritional studies on species and mutants of Lepista,Cantharellus, Pleurotus and Volvariella

The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of select Agaricales species to utilize various sources of carbon, nitrogen, vitamins, and growth hormones. Fungi selected for the studies include:Cantharellus clavatus Fries,C. cibarius Fries,Lepista nuda (Bull. ex. Fries)Cooke,Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fries)Kummer, andVolvariella volvacea (Bull. ex. Fries)Singer. Three strains ofC. cibarius and one mutant ofV. volvacea (V135), V134, were employed to determine if nutritional requirement differences occurred. One species,V. volvacea, is grown commercially as a cottage industry in the Orient (Alicbusan &Ela, 1961) while the other species currently have no commercial value. All species studied possess pleasing flavors and have potential use in the mushroom production industry.A literature compilation of the nutritional regulation of basidiocarp formation and vegetative growth of Agaricales was made with specific mention to the named species (Volz &Beneke, 1969). Recent nutritional studies with one or more of the specific species include those byYusef &Allam (1967), andEger (1970).     

On the Lichen generaPlacocarpus andPlacidiopsis (Verrucariaceae)

Verrucaria schaereri (Fr.)Nyl. is accorded generic status asPlacocarpus Trev. emend.O. Breuss. The main differences between the two genera concern the thallus anatomy and the spores which are halonate inPlacocarpus. The following new combinations are proposed:Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.)O. Breuss andPlacidiopsis cinerascens (Nyl.)O. Breuss.     

Normania,an endemic Macaronesian genus distinct fromSolanum (Solanaceae)

Morphological data and results from scanning electron microscopy of seeds and pollen show thatNormania Lowe [syn.Solanum L. subg.Potatoe (G. Don)D'Arcy sect.Normania (Lowe)Bitter] (Solanaceae: Solaneae) should be considered as a distinct genus fromSolanum L. It has two species, one restricted to the island of Madeira [Normania triphylla (Lowe)Lowe] and the other to Tenerife and Gran Canaria [Normania nava (Webb & Berthel.)Franc.-Ort. & R. N. Lester]. These species are extremely rare and had not been found for about 100 years, untilN. nava was rediscovered in two different localities in Tenerife in 1973 and 1982.Normania triphylla was reported in two different places from northern Madeira in 1991. Both species have the highest conservation priority in the Macaronesian region.     

Miscellanea hepaticologica 101–110

Summary 101.Blepharidophyllum clandestinum (Mont.)Lacoutore 1910 instead of (Mont.)Grolle 1965. 102.Clasmatocolea rotata (H. f & T. 1844) c. n.=C. alpina (Rodway 1916)Grolle 1966, syn. nov. 103.Isotachis armata (Nees 1844)Gottsche 1864=Lophocolea laxissima Herz. 1932, syn. nov. 104.Leptodon smithii (Hedw.)Web. &Mohr 1803=Jungermannia nervosa Spreng. 1827, syn. nov. 105.Leptoscyphus abditus (Sull.)Dugas 1928 instead of (Sull.)Grolle 1962. 106.L. amphibolius (Nees 1833)Grolle 1962=Chiloscyphus dorsilobus Nees 1845, syn. nov. 107.L. cuneifolius (Hook.)Mitt. new to Venezuela. 108.L. horizontalis (Hook.)Kühnemann 1937 instead of (Hook.)Grolle1962. 109.L. porphyrius (Nees 1845) c. n.=Jungermannia paupercula Tayl. 1846, syn. nov.;=J. liebmaniana L. & G. 1847, syn. nov.=L. liebmanianus (L. & G.)Mitt. 110.Lethocolea amplexifolia (Hampe exLehm.) C. n.=Plagiochila amplexifolia Hampe Ex Lehm. 1838. Notes on marsupia and gemmae ofLethocolea and their taxonomic value.     

The supraspecific taxonomy and evolution of the fern genusAzolla (Azollaceae)

The systematics of the aquatic fern genusAzolla Lam. is revised at the supraspecific level. Published morphological data are reviewed, and cytological and cladistic analyses of the genus conducted, enabling a discussion of the putative evolutionary trends in the genus, and a revision of the current taxonomy. A phylogenetically more acceptable subgeneric and sectional classification is proposed, viz. subg.Azolla sect.Azolla (comprisingA. filiculoides Lam.,A. rubra R. Br.,A caroliniana auct. nonWilld.,A. microphylla auct. nonKaulf. andA. mexicana Presl), subg.Azolla sect.Rhizosperma (Mey.)Mett. (comprisingA. pinnata R. Br.), and subg.Tetrasporocarpia subg. nov. (comprisingA. nilotica Decne. exMett.).     

Mid- and late-Holocene vegetation and fire history at Biviere di Gela, a coastal lake in southern Sicily, Italy

The vegetation and fire history of few coastal sites has been investigated in the Mediterranean region so far. We present the first paleoecological reconstruction from coastal Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. We analysed pollen and charcoal in the sediments of Biviere di Gela, a lake (lagoon) on the south coast of Sicily. Our data suggest that the area became afforested after a marine transgression at ca. 7200 cal b.p. (5250 b.c.). Build-up of forest and shrublands took ca. 200–300 years, mainly with the deciduous trees Quercus, Ostrya and Fraxinus. Juniperus expanded ca. 6900 cal b.p. (4950 b.c.), but declined again 6600 cal b.p. (4650 b.c.). Afterwards, evergreen trees (Q. ilex-type and Olea) became dominant in the forest and Pistacia shrublands were established. Forest and shrubland reached a maximum ca. 7000–5000 cal b.p. (5050–3050 b.c.); subsequently forest declined in response to human impact, which was probably exacerbated by a general trend towards a more arid climate. During the Neolithic, fire was used to open the landscape, significantly reducing several arboreal taxa (Q. ilex, Fraxinus, Juniperus) and promoting herbs and shrubs (Achillea, Cichorioideae, Brassicaceae, Ephedra). Final forest disruption occurred around 2600 cal b.p. (650 b.c.) with the onset of the historically documented Greek colonization. We conclude that the open maquis and garrigue vegetation of today is primarily the consequence of intensive land-use over millennia. Under natural or near-natural conditions arboreal taxa such as Q. ilex, Olea and Pistacia would be far more important than they are today, even under the hot and rather dry coastal conditions of southern Sicily.     

Myxomycetes from Orissa-(India)-I

Summary Seven species of Myxomycetes belonging to 6 genera,Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Mull.)Macbr.,Hemitrichia serpula (Scop.)Rost.,Diachea splendens Peck.,Stemonitis Smithii Macbr.,Stemonitis fusca Roth.,Comatricha typhoides (Bull.)Rost. andDiderma hemisphericum (Bull.)Hornem. have been figured and described, of whichStemonitis Smithii Macbr. is a new record in India.     

Zwei neue Heliotropium-Arten aus Afghanistan

Summary Two new species ofHeliotropium sect.Catimas DC. from the desert Registan in south-eastern Afghanistan are described, one of which,H. arenicolum Rech. f. et H.Riedl, is very closely related toH. Rechingeri H.Riedl (1967) and different from it only in the colour of the stems and the longer basal part of the style. The other one,H. leucocladum H.Riedl, belongs to a very natural group of xerophytic and halophytic species includingH. digynum (Forssk.)Aschers.,H. eremobium Bge.,H. Aucheri DC.,H. halame Boiss. etBuhse,H. Popovii H.Riedl andH. carmanicum Bge. Adaptations to the extremely dry habitat are discussed.     

Delineations of forest fungi

Summary Several forest fungi, primarily species that occur in Mississippi, are discussed, and three species are described as new. These includeBotryobasidium (subgenusBrevibasidium)croceum Lentz,Tharoopama mississippiensis Lentz, andHarpographium zonatum Lentz.Dactylium leptosporum (Sacc.)Lentz is recognized as a distinct species, rather than as a subspecies ofD. dendroides Fr. Allescheriella crocea (Mont.)Hughes,D. leptosporum andMelanographium cookei M. B. Ellis are reported from Mississippi for the first time. Attention is called to the fact thatM. citri (Fragoso &Ciferri)M. B. Ellis apparently has not previously been reported from the United States, although a specimen from Florida is in the National Fungus Collections.B. croceum evidently represents the basidiophorous stage ofA. crocea.     

Deuteromycetes from Jabalpur. III

Summary In this paper the author has described seventeen new Deuteromycetes from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. These are: Phyllosticta careyae Sahni onCareya arborea Roxb.,Phyllosticta anogeissi Sahni onAnogeissus latifolia Wall.,Phomopsis dalbergiae Sahni onDalbergia sissoo Roxb.,Phomopsis yuccae Sahni onYucca aloifolia L.,Phomopsis dracaenae Sahni onDracaena brachystachys Hook.,Phomopsis buteae Sahni onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kunze,Cytospora grevilleae Sahni onGrevillea robusta A. Cunn.,Coniothyrium sarcinellae Sahni onSarcinella palawanensis (Syd.)Sahni parasitising leaves ofCalastrus paniculatus Willd.,Coniothyrium dioscoreae Sahni on fruits ofDioscorea sp.,Amerodiscosiella indica Sahni onIxora parviflora Vahl.,Ascochyta nyctanthis Sahni onNyctanthes arbor-tristis L.,Pseudodiplodia buteae Sahni onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kunze,Pseudodiplodia oreodoxae Sahni onOreodoxa oleracea Mart.,Phaeoseptoria bougainvilleae Sahni onBougainvillea glabra Choisy,Hainesia jabalpurensis Sahni onWoodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz.,Colletotrichum arjunae Sahni onTerminalia arjuna W. & A., andColletotrichum terminaliae Sahni onTerminalia bellirica (Gaertn.)Roxb.