《中国应用生理学杂志》2009年～2013年载文分析

目的：分析《中国应用生理学杂志》的现状及载文信息,为作者、读者及办刊人员提供参考。方法：提取CNKI中《中国应用生理学杂志》2009年-2013年刊载论文,运用文献计量学方法对其类型、基金资助情况、机构类型及学科分类情况进行定量分析。结果：2009年。2013年刊载论文742篇,其中英文论文27篇;论文基金资助比率较高,平均82．6％。结论：《中国应用生理学杂志》拥有稳定的稿源,学科分布广泛,布局合理,对我国应用生理学的发展起着重要的作用。     

继往开来,积极推动中国生物多样性科学发展——《生物多样性》创刊二十年回顾

《生物多样性》自1993年由中国科学院生物多样性委员会创办以来,一直秉承首任主编钱迎倩先生确定的刊物定位:紧跟国际热点和趋势,反映中国生物多样性科学研究进展;及时报道保护、管理和持续利用生物多样性的经验,包括法律法规和国际履约。时逢《生物多样性》创办20周年,我们总结了刊物的发展历程,分析了创刊以来策划的研究热点、报道对象、作者队伍及产生的影响,以期更好为推动中国生物多样性科学发展服务。这些年,生物多样性科学领域的热点问题,如生物入侵、全球变化下的生物多样性、DNA条形码、生物多样性监测与变化机制、谱系多样性、生物多样性信息学等,以及《生物多样性公约》及其履行进展在本刊上都得到了及时报道,2000年以后出版的13个专刊(专栏)更是热点问题的集中体现。在发表的1,189篇(不包括增刊)文章中物种多样性方面文章最多,遗传多样性方面的文章次之;从研究类群上看,植物和动物方面的文章明显多于微生物方面的文章。研究对象的地理分布则与所属地区的多样性丰富程度或受关注程度有一定的相关性。刊物目前已形成较为稳定的作者群,发表文章最多的前10位作者分别来自中国科学院(6人)、北京大学(2人)和复旦大学(2人);文章的平均作者数从1993年的约1.5人/篇增加到2011年的约4人/篇,一定程度上反映了团队合作的态势;每篇文章的平均页码数也从创刊时的平均5页左右逐渐增加到目前的10页左右,文章的信息量大大增加。发表的论文主要受国家自然科学基金、科技部项目和中国科学院项目资助,表明作者群的层次是比较高的。发表的论文中被引次数大于40的文章超过200篇,最高达970次(中国知网,2012年8月10日检索);被SCI刊物的引用次数也呈逐年递增趋势。《生物多样性》是目前我国发表生物多样性研究成果最多、影响最大、生物多样性科学领域最重要的刊物。但毋庸讳言,《生物多样性》如国内其他中文科技期刊一样,正面临巨大挑战,如优秀稿源匮乏、刊物国际化和国内评价体系的压力、如何协调基础性和应用性、如何兼顾作者和读者的需求等。针对上述问题,我们提出了对策建议,指出《生物多样性》在"立足本土的国际化"和前沿创新与基础支撑兼顾的定位下,继续提高学术质量,并通过数字化平台和新闻媒体宣传发表的重要成果等方式,提高科技信息传播效率,扎实推动中国生物多样性科学的发展。     

《环境昆虫学报》2001-2010年载文被引统计分析

利用"中国学术期刊文献评价统计分析系统",对《环境昆虫学报》载文在2001～2010年所刊载论文的被引用情况进行统计分析。结果表明,在2001～2010年间《环境昆虫学报》10年共载文504篇,有343篇论文,被引率为68.06%;被引用1904次,篇均被引次数为5.55,单篇被引最高次数为40次;被引用5次以下的论文占63.57%;引证期刊262种,引用3次以下的期刊占74.81%。同时,对被引论文作者进行了系统分析,特别阐述了高被引论文的详细信息,从而提出从统计得出的高被引频次论文作者及研究热点着手,加强组稿,突出栏目特色,提高刊物对高质量论文的吸纳能力。     

Publication of Original Research in Urologic Journals – A Neglected Orphan?

The pathophysiologic mechanisms behind urologic disease are increasingly being elucidated. The object of this investigation was to evaluate the publication policies of urologic journals during a period of progressively better understanding and management of urologic disease. Based on the ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports and the PubMed database, the number and percentage of original experimental, original clinical, review or commentarial articles published between 2002–2010 in six leading urologic journals were analyzed. “British Journal of Urology International”, “European Urology”, “Urologic Oncology-Seminars and Original Investigations” (“Urologic Oncology”), “Urology”, “The Journal of Urology”, and “World Journal of Urology” were chosen, because these journals publish articles in all four categories. The publication policies of the six journals were very heterogeneous during the time period from 2002 to 2010. The percentage of original experimental and original clinical articles, related to all categories, remained the same in “British Journal of Urology International”, “Urologic Oncology”, “Urology” and “The Journal of Urology”. The percentage of experimental reports in “World Journal of Urology” between 2002–2010 significantly increased from 10 to 20%. A distinct elevation in the percentage of commentarial articles accompanied by a reduction of clinical articles became evident in “European Urology” which significantly correlated with a large increase in the journal’s impact factor. No clearly superior policy could be identified with regard to a general increase in the impact factors from all the journals. The publication policy of urologic journals does not expressly reflect the increase in scientific knowledge, which has occurred over the period 2002–2010. One way of increasing the exposure of urologists to research and expand the interface between experimental and clinical research, would be to enlarge the percentage of experimental articles published. There is no indication that such policy would be detrimental to a journal’s impact factor.     

Coupled zones of f-actin and microtubule movement in polarized cells

Interactions between the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons occur during cell polarization. Two papers in a recent issue of the Journal of Cell Biology use fluorescent speckle microscopy (FSM) to analyze the relationship between actin and microtubule movements in migrating epithelial cells and in polarizing neuronal growth cones.     

Trends in the journal of nematology, 1969-2009: authors, States, nematodes, and subject matter

Issues of the Journal of Nematology from 1969-2009 were examined to determine trends in authorship and subject matter. Data were collected on authors, affiliations, locations, funding, nematodes, and nematological subject matter, and then compared among the 4 decades involved. Some of the more prominent changes noted included: a decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of papers published in the Journal of Nematology in the 1990s and 2000s from a peak in the 1980s; an increase (P < 0.05) in number of authors per paper in each decade; an increased (P < 0.05) percentage of international authors in the 1990s and 2000s compared to 1970s; and changing roles of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and different states over a period of 4 decades. Plant-parasitic nematodes were the main organisms studied in 73.4% of all papers published the Journal of Nematology from 1969-2009. The greatest changes in subject matter were increases in papers on biological control and resistance in the 1990s and 2000s compared to the 1970s and 1980s. Additional trends and subjects are discussed, and data are provided comparing differences among the 4 decades for various aspects of nematology.     

Skeletal biological distance studies in American physical anthropology: recent trends

Biological distance analysis, the dominant type of skeletal biological research during the 19th century, has become less visible in recent years. Although the proportion of American Journal of Physical Anthropology articles and published abstracts focusing on biodistance has remained fairly constant over the three decades between 1955 and 1985, the proportion of biodistance contributions relative to other skeletal biology studies has decreased. Emphasis in skeletal biology has shifted from the analysis of biological variation to investigations of health and diet, and within biodistance studies methodological issues have assumed prominence over purely analytical approaches. This paper investigates trends in biological distance analysis through a survey of articles and meetings abstracts published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology from 1955 to 1985. The survey provides the historical context for five symposium papers on skeletal biological distance presented at the 1986 meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.     

Classic limb patterning models and the work of Dennis Summerbell

Dennis Summerbell was a leading contributor to our understanding of limb patterning prior to the advent of molecular biology. He published several groundbreaking papers, including one that developed a key model for patterning the limb from the shoulder to the fingertips and another that presented the co-discovery of the effect of retinoids on limb morphogenesis. He brought detailed quantitative analyses to bear on these studies, as highlighted in two of his insightful papers published in the Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, in which he provided elegant models that, today, remain relevant to limb patterning, as well as to many disciplines of developmental biology.     

The Geographical and Institutional Distribution of Ecological Research in the Tropics

We reviewed 1333 papers published in Biotropica and the Journal of Tropical Ecology from 1995 to 2004. Only 62 percent of tropical countries were represented in our survey, with 62 percent of the publications based on research conducted in only ten countries. Sixty-two percent of papers had lead authors that were based at institutions outside the country where the research was conducted. Cross-national collaboration was limited, accounting for only 28 percent of papers with multiple authors. To evaluate if our choice of focal journals could have biased our results, we also reviewed 652 papers published in Ecology , Oecologia , Conservation Biology , and Biological Conservation for five randomly selected years from the same time period. While some differences in authorship and the geographic distribution of research existed, the results from these journals generally mirrored patterns observed in the two focal ones—almost 54 percent of publications were based on research conducted in only ten countries, and most studies had lead authors from a developed country. The results of our review suggest that the geographical distribution of research in the tropics is unequal, and that some important regions remain understudied. The results also suggest a need for a greater focus on establishing collaborative relationships with scientists from tropical countries.     

Morphological specializations for fetal maintenance in viviparous vertebrates: An introduction and historical retrospective

In many viviparous vertebrates, pregnant females sustain their developing embryos and provide them with nutrients by means of placentas and a diversity of other types of specializations. With this article, we introduce a virtual (online) issue of the Journal of Morphology that presents 12 recent papers on fetal maintenance in viviparous vertebrates. We also outline the history of research in this area and document the central role of morphology in helping to explain the function and evolution of specializations for fetal nutrition. This virtual issue of the Journal of Morphology is an outgrowth of a symposium held under auspices of the International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology. The included papers reflect a diversity of taxa, research methods, and biological issues. To celebrate the publication of this virtual issue of the Journal of Morphology, the publisher is making freely available to readers a number of other relevant papers published in the journal over the past 128 years. J. Morphol. 276:1–16, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia following experimental surgery in laboratory rodents: are we making progress?

Current attitudes to the use of animals in biomedical research require that any pain or distress should be minimised. This can often be achieved by the use of appropriate anaesthetic and analgesic regimens. There, is however, little information on the peri-operative regimens used. A literature review was conducted to estimate how commonly analgesics are administered to laboratory rodents, the most widely used species of laboratory animals, and to assess the anaesthetic regimens employed. Studies describing potentially painful experimental procedures involving rodents were identified from peer-reviewed journals published from 1990 to 1992 and from 2000 to 2002. In papers published between 2000 and 2002, if analgesic administration was not specified, the institutional veterinary surgeons or authors of the papers were contacted by e-mail to obtain additional information on analgesic use. From 1992 to 2002, there was an increase in the reported prevalence of analgesic administration to laboratory rodents from 2.7% to 19.8%. Although the use of analgesics has increased over the past ten years, the overall level of post-operative pain relief for laboratory rodents is still low. Anaesthetic methodology changed markedly between the two time-periods sampled. Notably, there was an increase in the use of isoflurane and of injectable anaesthetic combinations such as ketamine/xylazine, whereas the use of ether and methoxyflurane decreased.     

Egg yolk polypeptide variation in acridids (Orthoptera)

The polypeptide composition of egg yolk proteins was analysed in 23 species of grasshoppers by means of SDS-PAGE. Each species has a distinguishable set of polypeptides, varying from three to seven (although most show five or six), which can be classified into two groups of high (H) and low molecular weight (L). The patterns can be interpreted following a two-gene model, each with three domains that codify two H and one L polypeptides. The results suggest strong rearrangements in vitellin during speciation and a later slowing in divergence due to functional constraints. Consequently, the vitellin polypeptide composition may be used for species identification but does not provide phylogenetic information above the genus level. Intraspecific variability was found only in Eyprepocnemis plorans , which appears to be quite recent from an evolutionary point of view, and in Chorthippus parallelus where the subspecies differentiation may be older. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 75 , 281–290.     

Preface to Below Ground Processes

The Focus Section in this issue of the Journal of ExperimentalBotany (JXB) contains four invited papers from a session heldat the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB) Annual Meetingin Barcelona, Spain, in July 2005 addressing aspects     

Sharpening the focus; the business of epithelial cell biology. An interview with Chris Potten by David Pearton

Dr Chris Potten is a singularly influential figure in the field of epithelial biology. His contributions have been seminal and include the introduction of the epidermal proliferative unit and of the concept of epidermal stem cells. With around 400 scientific papers and reviews to his credit as well as two books, he has certainly made his mark. His contributions have been recognised by the award of the Curie medal and recently the Weiss medal for radiation biology. Dr. Potten graciously agreed to be interviewed for this Special Issue of The International Journal of Developmental Biology. This interview was conducted via e-mail during June -August 2003.     

基于PubMed数据库毛孢子菌病临床研究文献计量学分析

目的分析国际毛孢子菌病文献概貌,了解毛孢子菌病临床相关研究现状,为更好地开展毛孢子菌临床研究提供思路和依据。方法利用汤森路透TDA软件分析PubMed数据库收录的毛孢子菌病临床相关文献的时间、国家、期刊、作者和高频主题词分布,并获得作者合作网络图。结果临床毛孢子菌病相关文献始于1970年,经过1981～1992年的快速增长期后,近年来数量增长不明显。日本在临床毛孢子菌病研究领域具有领先优势,美国、印度、巴西、法国和中国内地发文量也较多。刊载毛孢子菌病临床研究文献最多的期刊是《日本胸部疾病杂志》（Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi,Japa—nese Journal of Thoracic Diseases）和《临床微生物学杂志》（Journal of Clinical Microbiology）。发文量最多的作者分别是熊本大学医学部的Ando M、Araki S和琦玉医科大学的Sakata T。毛孢子菌病的高频主题词涉及毛孢子菌病的诊治、宿主免疫和毛孢子菌致病机制等。结论日本和美国仍是相关领域的研究大国,但近5a来,更多的中国科研团队加入到这一研究领域,提高了我国学者的学术影响力。侵袭性毛孢子菌病的诊治是临床毛孢子菌病研究的主要关注点。     

Sex-biased initial eggs favours sons in the slightly size-dimorphic Scops owl (Otus scops)

There is considerable controversy concerning the origin of Iberian populations of the Mediterranean chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon . Current opinion dictates that Spanish populations result from introductions during the 18^th and 19^th centuries, with subsequent translocations from the original populations to other parts of Spain. The Portugese population in the Algarve is believed to have been introduced from Africa or Spain during the 1920s. However, Holocene remains of chameleons suggest that the Malaga population at least could have a much older origin. Analysis of sequences from the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of samples from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa revealed a double origin for the Iberian population. The Mediterranean Iberian (Malaga) population is closely related to Mediterranean North African populations, with Atlantic Iberian populations more closely related to populations of the Atlantic coast of North Africa. The overall genetic differentiation and diversity observed was very low, preventing precise dating of the colonization events. However this low level of differentiation is not consistent with Plio-Pleistocene colonization, the assumed timing for a natural colonization event and suggests that chameleons were probably introduced twice by man in the recent past. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 75 , 1–7.     

从文献计量角度分析中国生物多样性研究现状

以汤森路透科技集团的WEB OF KNOWLEDGE信息平台提供的Science Citation Index Expanded数据库为数据源,检索到从1997年至2009年期间国际生物多样性研究论文文献219773篇,其中11182篇来自于中国学者。利用NoteExpress软件,对这13a间生物多样性研究论文发表的国家分布、年度分布、研究机构、引用情况、期刊分布和学科分类等做的分析与比较表明:1)全球生物多样性研究的论文数量一直呈增长趋势,中国13年间每年发文量占当年全球生物多样性论文总量的百分率逐年增加;2)从论文总被引频次、篇均引用次数和h-index三项论文影响力特征参数分析,中国与国际其他国家相比有一定差距;3)从学科分类来看,与国际相比,中国在生物多样性保护领域、进化生物学和海洋与淡水生物学领域研究略显不足,昆虫学和真菌学研究领域活跃。