三七总皂苷对脊髓损伤大鼠运动功能恢复的作用

目的：探讨三七总皂苷对大鼠脊髓损伤（SCI）后运动功能恢复的作用。方法：正常SD大鼠随机分为5组（n=8）：正常对照组（Normal）、假手术组（Sham）、脊髓损伤（SCI）和脊髓损伤+三七总皂苷组（PNS）（n=8）。所有大鼠分别在造模前及造模后第1、3、7、14、21和28天接受运动功能评分（BBB）和运动诱发电位（MEP）检查,观察大鼠后肢运动功能的恢复情况。结果：造模后,Sham组、PNS组、SCI组BBB评分低于正常;MEP波幅低于正常;潜伏期较正常延长。PNS组与同期SCI组比较,第7、14、21、28天的BBB评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;第7天、14天、21天、28天,MEP检查波幅（Amp）和潜伏期（Lat）组内有显著差异,并且与同期SCI组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：三七总皂苷可促进大鼠SCI后运动功能的恢复。     

骶神经电刺激对重建脊髓损伤后大鼠结肠功能的作用及其机制

目的:探讨骶神经电刺激对脊髓损伤大鼠结肠功能的作用及机理。方法:104只Wistar大鼠分A、B、C三组:A组24只分为正常组(NG)、急性完全性脊髓损伤组(SCI)和骶神经电刺激组(SNS),每组8只测量结肠电生理。B组24只分为NG、SCI和SNS(n=8),测量结肠动力。C组56只大鼠分为NG(n=8)、SCI(n=24)和SNS(n=24),SCI和SNS组按照处理后24、48、72 h再分为3亚组(n=8)。观察肠道形态改变及P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)的改变。结果:SCI组结肠电生理活动减少、动力降低、肠黏膜不同程度损伤、肠道上皮细胞及细胞间连接破坏、SP和VIP含量均降低。SNS组电生理开始活跃,结肠动力提升,肠黏膜得到改善,SP和VIP含量均明显提高。结论:骶神经电刺激可通过提高结肠生物电及神经递质来促进结肠蠕动、恢复动力、保护肠黏膜上皮细胞及紧密连接的机械屏障,重建结肠功能。     

脊髓缺血损伤合并脓毒症后脊髓ZnT1表达的研究

目的：研究脊髓缺血损伤合并脓毒血症后大鼠脊髓的病理改变及脊髓组织中锌转运体1（zinc transporter1,ZnT1）的表达规律。方法：将32只wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组（s组,n=8）、腹主动脉阻断组（I／R组,n=8）、内毒素组（LPS组,n=8）和腹主动脉阻断＋内毒素组（I／R＋LPS组,n=8）。用HE染色的方法检测脊髓组织病理损害,用免疫组织化学的方法检测脊髓组织中ZnTl的表达规律。结果：1．病理结果改变：除S组外,I／R组、LPS组、UR＋LPS组三组大鼠HE染色切片中均可见脊髓组织损伤,各组脊髓损伤的严重程度有以下规律：S组〈I/R组〈LPS组〈I／R＋LPS组。2．免疫组化结果：脊髓损伤组ZnT1的表达较假手术组均增加（P〈0．05）。结论：1．脊髓缺血损伤合并内毒素攻击可导致严重的脊髓损伤。2．腹主动脉阻断合并内毒素攻击所致脊髓损伤早期脊髓组织中ZnT1表达上调,可能通过调节脊髓损伤早期脊髓组织中锌稳态平衡进而在脊髓损伤后脊髓神经元的病理生理活动中发挥重要作用,这一实验结果可为寻找早期脊髓损伤预防措施提供新的思路。     

姜黄素对大鼠脊髓损伤后后肢功能恢复的作用机制

目的:观察姜黄素(CUR)对大鼠脊髓损伤后的运动功能的影响,并探讨其对大鼠脊髓损伤的神经保护作用机制,为临床治疗脊髓损伤提供理论和实验依据。方法:采用HI-0400脊髓打击器制备脊髓急性打击损伤动物模型。将105只SD健康清洁级大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham)、脊髓损伤组(SCI)、姜黄素组(SCI+CUR),在脊髓损伤模型建立后30 min灌胃,以后每天灌胃1次,直到处死为止。SCI+CUR组0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠制备姜黄素(100 mg/kg)灌胃,Sham组与SCI组同等剂量的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃。应用BBB评分评估大鼠术后3d,7 d,14 d,21 d和28 d后肢运动功能恢复的情况;分别在术后12 h、1 d、3 d和7 d天取脊髓组织和血液,通过免疫荧光法检测NF-κB,免疫组化发检测Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase-3蛋白,Elisa法检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达。结果 :BBB评分中3 d时SCI+CUR组与SCI组时无明显差异,7 d、14 d、21 d和28 d SCI+CUR组得分高于SCI组,其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);炎症因子NF-κB的表达于脊髓损伤后12 h出现,1 d达高峰,3 d下降。SCI+CUR组中NF-κB在各个时间点的表达与SCI组出现的时间点相对应,SCI+CUR组少于SCI组;Sham组无明显的Bax及Bcl-2蛋白染色。SCI+CUR组中Caspase-3及Bax染色明显较SCI组减弱,而Bcl-2较SCI组增强。结论:姜黄素可以促进大鼠脊髓损伤后后肢运动功能的恢复,其作用机制是通过抑制NF-κB而阻止炎症发生;并通过抑制Bax、Caspase-3的表达,促进Bcl-2的表达来抑制细胞凋亡,从而促进了大鼠脊髓损伤后的运动功能恢复。     

蛇毒神经生长因子促进周围神经再生的诱发电位观察

目的：研究蛇毒神经生长因子（sNGF)对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后诱发电位的影响,评价蛇毒神经生长因子在促进周围神经再生中的作用。方法：建立大鼠坐骨神经钳夹模型,局部滴加药物和术后肌注sNGF,通过脊髓诱发电位（SEP）,运动诱发电位（MEP）评定,观察坐骨神经修复情况。结果：sNGF治疗后可使伤后SEP,MEP提早出现,结论：蛇毒提取的NGF对大鼠坐骨神经损伤修复具有促进作用。     

高压氧疗法对创伤性脑损伤大鼠氧化应激指标及促／抗炎细胞因子水平的影响

目的：研究高压氧（HBO）疗法对创伤性脑损伤（TBI）大鼠氧化应激指标及促／抗炎细胞因子水平的影响方法：SD雄性大鼠18只,随机分为3组（n=6）：假手术组、损伤对照组和HBO治疗组采用Feency法建立大鼠TBI模型,假手术组只开放骨面,不予打击HBO治疗组大鼠于脑损伤后6h采用动物高压舱,以3ATA压力纯氧治疗60min。所有动物于手术后24h处死,分离脑组织,取伤侧脑半球行组织匀浆,分别测定匀浆上清液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、NO的含量以及促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β及抗炎细胞因子IL-10的水平,结果：与损伤对照组相比,HBO治疗使SOD、NO以及IL-10水平升高,同时降低脑内MDA及TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的含量结论：HBO治疗可抑制TBI后自由基的生成,从而减轻脂质过氧化反应;同时,HBO治疗可减少促炎细胞因子的生成,促进抗炎细胞因子的产生,从而可减轻损伤脑组织的炎症反应,有助于减轻TBI后脑组织的继发性损伤.     

银杏内酯对大鼠急性脊髓损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的:探讨银杏内酯对大鼠急性脊髓损伤的保护作用。方法:选取健康成年正常SD大鼠54只,分正常组、损伤组和银杏内酯治疗组;采用改良Allen’s打击法制作脊髓损伤动物模型,分别在伤后6 h、12 h、24 h、72 h处死动物,采用免疫组织化学方法结合图像分析技术观测NF-κB和COX-2在脊髓腰段的表达情况。结果:脊髓神经功能评定显示银杏内酯治疗组大鼠神经功能较单纯损伤组有所改善;正常脊髓前角内NF-κB和COX-2有一定的基础表达。脊髓损伤后6 h脊髓神经元的胞浆及胞核内NF-κB和COX-2均先后表达上升,24 h达高峰,72 h仍维持在较高水平;而给予银杏内酯治疗后,各时间点NF-κB和COX-2的表达上调幅度均降低。结论:急性脊髓损伤后,银杏内酯可通过控制NF-κB和COX-2的表达上调的幅度而抑制炎症反应,对脊髓受损神经元起一定的保护作用。     

大鼠脊髓损伤后表皮生长因子受体在脊髓的表达特点

目的研究大鼠脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)后表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor re-ceptor,EGFR)在脊髓的表达特点及意义。方法健康成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组(每组10只):假手术组,SCI术后3 d、7 d和14 d组。应用Basso Beattie Bresnahan(BBB)评分观察大鼠行为学改变;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测损伤段脊髓组织中EGFR mRNA表达水平;免疫组织化学方法观察损伤段脊髓灰质中EGFR蛋白表达情况;并对EGFRmRNA及蛋白表达情况与BBB评分进行相关性分析。结果行为学观察发现大鼠脊髓损伤后下肢神经功能逐步恢复;RT-PCR结果显示EGFR mRNA在假手术组大鼠脊髓中微量表达,SCI术后3 d表达显著升高,随后趋于下降,14 d时仍高于假手术组(P<0.01);免疫组织化学染色显示损伤段脊髓灰质中EGFR阳性细胞数在损伤后3 d显著高于假手术组(P<0.01),随后趋于下降,但14 d时仍高于假手术组(P<0.01);EGFR mRNA及蛋白的表达均与BBB评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.956,P<0.05;r=-0.966,P<0.05)。结论EGFR在大鼠脊髓损伤后具有时相分布特点,且与动物行为呈负相关,提示其表达可能阻碍损伤后的神经功能恢复。     

白藜芦醇对脊髓损伤小鼠神经元凋亡及Fas/FasL等凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

摘要 目的：研究白藜芦醇对脊髓损伤（Spinal cord injury, SCI）小鼠脊髓组织神经元凋亡和凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。方法：21只雌性C57BL/6小鼠,6-8周龄,随机分为三组：Sham组（假手术对照组）,SCI组（脊髓损伤模型）和Resveratrol组（白藜芦醇治疗的脊髓损伤模型）,每组7只。通过Basso小鼠量表（BMS）评估小鼠后肢运动功能、HE染色评估小鼠脊髓病变面积、尼氏染色检测脊髓组织神经元数目、TUNEL染色检测凋亡细胞数目。通过酶联免疫试剂盒检测脊髓组织髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase,MPO）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素（interleukin, IL）-6和IL-8蛋白表达水平。通过免疫印迹法检测脊髓组织凋亡相关蛋白Fas、FasL、caspase 3和caspase 8表达水平。结果：与Sham组小鼠相比,SCI模型小鼠脊髓组织病变面积和MPO活性均显著增加（P<0.05）,但经白芦藜醇治疗后的Resveratrol组SCI小鼠脊髓组织病变面积和MPO活性较SCI组小鼠显著降低（P<0.05）。与Sham组小鼠相比,SCI模型小鼠BMS评分显著降低（P<0.05）,但经白芦藜醇治疗后的Resveratrol组SCI小鼠BMS评分较SCI组小鼠显著升高（P<0.05）。与Sham组小鼠相比,SCI模型小鼠脊髓组织神经元丢失和凋亡均显著增加（P<0.05）,但经白芦藜醇治疗后的Resveratrol组SCI小鼠脊髓组织病神经元丢失和凋亡较SCI组小鼠显著降低（P<0.05）。与Sham组小鼠相比,SCI模型小鼠脊髓组织Fas、FasL、caspase 3、caspase 8、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,但经白芦藜醇治疗后均显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：白芦藜醇可显著降低脊髓损伤小鼠脊髓组织神经元凋亡,其机制可能与抑制脊髓损伤小鼠脊髓组织炎症和炎症引起的凋亡蛋白表达有关。     

蛇毒神经生长因子对大鼠脊髓损伤后Caspase-3表达影响

目的 探讨大鼠脊髓损伤后应用蛇毒神经生长因子对Caspase-3表达的影响.方法 将55只成年SD雄性大鼠随机分为蛇毒神经生长因子组（A组）、生理盐水组（B组）、假手术组（C组）,按改良Allen打击法建立大鼠脊髓不完全损伤模型,通过动物神经运动功能BBB评分评价神经损伤程度及神经功能恢复情况;脊髓损伤后不同时间点（6 h、1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d）取材,HE染色观察损伤脊髓组织病理变化,免疫组化染色检测Caspase-3阳性细胞的表达,来比较分析两组的差异性.结果 HE染色镜检发现脊髓组织病理学改变A组明显轻于B组;BBB评分A组相对B明显提高,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）.A组和B组均发现凋亡细胞及Caspase-3表达,神经细胞凋亡指数及Caspase-3表达均为B组〉A组（P〈0.05）.结论蛇毒神经生长因子能抑制大鼠脊髓损伤后Caspase-3表达及细胞凋亡,能改善脊髓损伤后的功能表现.     

The relationships among the severity of spinal cord injury,motor and somatosensory evoked potentials and spinal cord blood flow

To characterize the changes in axonal function in the motor and somatosensory tracts of the cord after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to correlate these changes with spinal cord blood flow (SCBF), the relationships among the severity of SCI, motor and somatosensory evoked potentials (MEPs and SSEPs) and SCBF were examined. Fifteen rats received a 1.5 g (n = 5), 20 g (n = 5) or 56 g (n = 5) clip compression injury of the cord at C8. SCBF at the injury site was measured by the hydrogen clearance technique 35 min before and 30 min after SCI. Concomitantly MEPs from the cord at T10 (MEP-C) and from the sciatic nerve (MEP-N) and SSEPs were recorded.A linear relationship (r = −0.89, P < 0.002) was found between the severity of SCI and the reduction in SCBF at the injury site. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that both the MEP (P < 0.0001) and SSEP (P < 0.003) were significantly related to the severity of SCI. Furthermore, the amplitude of the MEP (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and SSEP (r = 0.58, P < 0.0011) was significantly correlated with the posttraumatic SCBF. Multiple regression revealed that both the severity of cord injury and the degree of posttraumatic ischemia were significantly related to axonal dysfunction after SCI. While the MEP was more sensitive to injury than the SSEP, the SSEP more accurately distinguished between mild and moderate severities of cord injury.Axonal conduction in the motor and somatosensory tracts of the cord was significantly correlated with the reduction in posttraumatic SCBF and, therefore, these data provide quantitative evidence linking posttraumatic ischemia to axonal dysfunction following acute cord injury. Furthermore, this study validates the hypothesis that the combined recording of MEPs and SSEPs is an accurate technique to assess the physiological integrity of the cord after injury.     

骨髓间充质干细胞经BDNF基因修饰后移植治疗大鼠半横断脊髓损伤的电生理研究

目的采用电生理的研究方法,观察脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞对脊髓损伤的修复作用。方法随机将大鼠分成3组:空白组10只(只切除椎板,暴露脊髓硬脊膜);SCI组10只;SCI术后细胞移植组10只;从以上三组大鼠随机抽取8只于细胞移植后1 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、30 d、60 d进行SEP(皮层体感诱发电位)、MEP(运动诱发电位)等电生理检测技术,并观察大鼠的运动评分恢复程度。结果细胞移植4d后,大鼠饮食和活动开始增加;后肢变化过程如下:损伤后1~4 d损伤侧后肢迟缓性瘫痪,拖地行走,损伤对侧后肢由损伤初期的运动减弱逐渐恢复,损伤后5~9 d损伤侧后肢痉挛性瘫痪;10~14 d损伤侧下肢恢复少量活动,损伤对侧后肢恢复至较损伤前稍弱的状态;15~21 d损伤侧后肢活动能力较之前有明显改善,至30 d损伤侧后肢活动能力及肌张力恢复程度最明显,30 d以后无更明显改善。免疫组化发现损伤处诱导标记的骨髓间充质干细胞存活,行为学观察发现细胞移植改善了损伤大鼠运动能力。结论骨髓间充质干细胞经BDNF基因修饰后可以促进脊髓损伤大鼠的神经再生及部分传导功能恢复。     

Early administration of methylprednisolone decreases apoptotic cell death after spinal cord injury

The purpose of this study is to evaluate, in an experimental model of spinal cord injury (SCI), the presence of apoptotic cell death after trauma and if early administration of a single bolus of methylprednisolone (MP) influences apoptosis in the zone of trauma and in adjacent spinal cord segments. For this study, a total of 96 adult female Wistar rats were subjected to spinal contusion at the T6-T8 level, producing immediate paraplegia. Forty-eight animals (treated group) received a single intraperitoneal injection of MP, at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, 10 minutes later. Cells undergoing apoptosis were detected by means of immunohistochemical labeling with the monoclonal antibody Apostain (anti-ssDNA MAb F7-26), in the injured spinal cord tissue, both in the zone of the lesion and in the adjacent spinal segments (rostral and caudal zones), 1, 4, 8, 24 and 72 hours and 1 week after injury. Apoptosis was detected in neurons and glial cells in the zone of the lesion 1 hour after trauma, with a pattern that showed no changes 4 hours later. Between 4 and 8 hours postinjury, the number of apoptotic cells increased, after which it decreased over the following days. In the adjacent spinal segments, apoptotic cells were detected 4 hours after trauma, and increased progressively over the remainder of the study, the number of apoptotic cells being similar in the lesion zone and in rostral and caudal zones one week after injury. When the group of MP-treated animals was considered, significant decreases in the number of apoptotic cells were detected in the lesion zone 24 hours after injury, and in the rostral and caudal zones, at 72 hours and at 1 week after trauma. These findings show that early administration of a single bolus of MP decreases apoptotic cell death after SCI, supporting the utility of MP in reducing secondary damage in injured spinal cord tissue.     

Long-Term Changes in Spinal Cord Evoked Potentials After Compression Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat

SUMMARY 1. After traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), histological and neurological consequences are developing for several days and even weeks. However, little is known about the dynamics of changes in spinal axonal conductivity. The aim of this study was to record and compare repeated spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) after SCI in the rat during a 4 weeks’ interval. These recordings were used: (i) for studying the dynamics of functional changes in spinal axons after SCI, and (ii) to define the value of SCEP as an independent outcome parameter in SCI studies.2. We have used two pairs of chronically implanted epidural electrodes for stimulation/recording. The electrodes were placed below and above the site of injury, respectively. Animals with implanted electrodes underwent spinal cord compression injury induced by epidural balloon inflation at Th8–Th9 level. There were five experimental groups of animals, including one control group (sham-operated, no injury), and four injury groups (different degrees of SCI).3. After SCI, SCEP waveform was either significantly reduced or completely lost. Partial recovery of SCEPs was observed in all groups. The onset and extent of recovery clearly correlated with the severity of injury.There was good correlation between quantitated SCEP variables and the volumes of the compressing balloon. However, sensitivity of electropohysiological parameters was inferior compared to neurological and morphometric outcomes.4. Our study shows for the first time, that the dynamics of axonal recovery depends on the degree of injury. After mild injury, recovery of signal is rapid. However, after severe injury, axonal conductivity can re-appear after as long as 2 weeks postinjury.In conclusion, SCEPs can be used as an independent parameter of outcome after SCI, but in general, the sensitivity of electrophysiological data were worse than standard morphological and neurological evaluations.     

重复经颅磁刺激联合等速肌力训练对不完全性脊髓损伤患者神经电生理指标、下肢肌力和脊髓功能独立性的影响

摘要 目的：探讨重复经颅磁刺激（TMS）联合等速肌力训练对不完全性脊髓损伤（SCI）患者神经电生理指标、下肢肌力和脊髓功能独立性的影响。方法：选取2018年3月~2019年12月期间我院收治87例不完全性SCI患者,根据入院奇偶顺序分为观察组（n=44）和对照组（n=43）,两组均给予常规康复训练,对照组在此基础上联合等速肌力训练,观察组在对照组基础上联合TMS,对比两组神经电生理指标[静息运动阈值（RMT）和运动诱发电位（MEP）]、下肢肌力指标[屈、伸肌群的峰力矩（PT）、力矩加速能（TAE）以及胭绳肌与股四头肌肌力比率（H/Q）]、功能独立性评定(FIM)量表、疼痛简化McGill疼痛问卷(SF-MPQ）、Barthel指数评定量表（BI）评分。结果：治疗4周后,观察组RMT较治疗前降低,且低于对照组（P<0.05）;MEP较治疗前升高,且高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组屈肌群PT、屈肌群TAE、伸肌群PT、伸肌群TAE、H/Q、FIM、BI评分均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组SF-MPQ评分均较治疗前下降（P<0.05）,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：TMS联合等速肌力训练治疗不完全性SCI患者可刺激患者神经功能恢复,提高患者脊髓功能独立性,改善下肢肌力,减轻患者的神经性疼痛。     

不同训练方法对大鼠骨折后脊髓功能恢复的影响

摘要 目的：分析不同训练方法对大鼠骨折后脊髓功能恢复的影响。方法：随机选取40只Sprague Dawley (SD)大鼠,建立骨折合并脊髓损伤模型,另取10只大鼠作为正常组。将建模成功的SD大鼠随机分为模型组、减重平板训练组、游泳训练组和转笼训练组。分别于损伤前和损伤后对大鼠的运动功能进行评测;术后35 d对大鼠的运动诱发电位（(motor evoked potentials, MEP）、脑源性神经生长因子（brain-derived neuotrophyic factor, BDNF）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuron-specific enolase, NSE）和脊髓组织Cleaved Caspase-3表达量、肌纤维横截面积和直径进行评测。结果：损伤后,手术组大鼠运动功能评分均降低;经不同方式训练后,大鼠的运动功能评分均上升,14 d～35 d数据差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后35 d,与模型组相比,训练组大鼠运动诱发电位潜伏期均缩短,波幅、BDNF和NSE表达量、肌纤维横截面积和直径均增大,Cleaved Caspase-3表达量均降低,14 d～35 d数据差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。其中,减重平板训练组各指标检测结果最优。结论：三种训练方式均可促进大鼠骨折后脊髓功能恢复,其中减重平板训练组恢复效果＞游泳训练组＞转笼训练组。     

大鼠内侧前额叶皮质内ERK1/2 活化参与脊髓损伤后抑郁情绪

目的:观察细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)的活化在脊髓损伤引起抑郁中的作用。方法:应用Western blot和行为药理学方法,观察脊髓损伤后(SCI)大鼠内侧前额叶皮质内(mPFC)ERK1/2及磷酸化-ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)的表达情况及ERK1/2磷酸化抑制剂U0126对抑郁样行为的影响。结果:脊髓损伤后的第2天到第8周,SCI模型大鼠的BBB评分均显著低于假手术组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。脊髓损伤后8周-12周,SCI模型大鼠强迫游泳不动时间与假手术组相比明显缩短,mPFC内pERK1/2蛋白表达水平明显升高,总ERK 1/2的蛋白水平则未见组间差异,而给予U0126的大鼠的不动时间与给药之前相比明显延长增加,mPFC内pERK1/2蛋白表达水平较SCI模型大鼠明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:内侧前额叶皮质内ERK1/2的激活参与了脊髓损伤后引起的突触可塑性,在相关的抑郁样行为的产生中发挥了重要的作用。