脂多糖保守表位模拟肽的筛选与鉴定

用针对脂多糖保守表位的单抗2B4对噬菌体随机12肽库进行亲和筛选,通过噬菌体ELISA实验及脂多糖(LPS)竞争抑制实验鉴定阳性克隆.经三轮筛选后,与抗体结合的噬菌体得到明显富集,噬菌体ELISA结果显示,阳性率达80%.将其中12个阳性噬菌体克隆做鼠伤寒杆菌和大肠杆菌LPS竞争抑制实验,抑制作用非常明显,有良好的剂量依赖关系,证明这12个克隆与LPS具相似表位.DNA测序并推导噬菌体展示肽的氨基酸序列为,GPPQWFFSQPQL（5/12,41.7%）,LPQYFWNTATTA （3/12,25%）,FPQNHWNVPWAT（2/12,16.6%）,HSQSFWNAPLAM和AHPWTHGYFPPL（1/12,8.3%）.实验结果表明,用2B4抗体筛选到的噬菌体短肽克隆可模拟保守表位,即脂多糖的模拟肽（位）.     

脂多糖保守表位模拟肽的筛选与鉴定

用针对脂多糖保守表位的单抗2B4对噬菌体随机12肽库进行亲和筛选,通过噬菌体ELISA实验及脂多糖(LPS)竞争抑制实验鉴定阳性克隆.经三轮筛选后,与抗体结合的噬菌体得到明显富集,噬菌体ELISA结果显示,阳性率达80%.将其中12个阳性噬菌体克隆做鼠伤寒杆菌和大肠杆菌LPS竞争抑制实验,抑制作用非常明显,有良好的剂量依赖关系,证明这12个克隆与LPS具相似表位.DNA测序并推导噬菌体展示肽的氨基酸序列为,GPPQWFFSQPQL（5/12,41.7%）,LPQYFWNTATTA（3/12,25%）,FPQNHWNVPWAT（2/12,16.6%）,HSQSFWNAPLAM和AHPWTHGYFPPL（1/12,8.3%）.实验结果表明,用2B4抗体筛选到的噬菌体短肽克隆可模拟保守表位,即脂多糖的模拟肽（位）.     

用随机6肽库筛选HGVE2抗原表位

利用抗 HGV E2区的 3株单克隆抗体 M6、M1 3、M30作为筛选配基 ,对随机 6肽库进行亲和筛选 . 3轮筛选的投入产出比逐轮升高至 3.5× 1 0 -3、假阳性率逐轮降低至 0 .4% ,提示具有良好的富集效果 .从第 3轮随机挑出 1 2个克隆进行功能鉴定 ,结果表明 8个克隆与 M6抗体有较强的特异性结合力并有较好的竞争抑制作用 ,测序发现它们的外源肽具有核心序列 :WA( W/Y) WXH,该序列与 HGV同源性低 ;用外源肽与核心序列相似的噬菌体克隆 P6GC9做竞争抑制试验 ,约 3×1 0 10个噬菌体即可较好地抑制 M6单抗与 HGV抗原结合 .该多肽可能是 HGV E2区识别 M6单抗并具有一定功能的模拟表位 .     

利用噬菌体展示技术筛选胰岛素模拟肽

为了寻找能够模拟胰岛素生物活性的小肽,以胰岛素多克隆抗体为靶标,筛选噬菌体展示随机C7C环肽库.3轮筛选后,通过ELISA方法挑取与靶分子特异性结合的15个阳性克隆,测序获得两条序列,分析所得序列并合成相应短肽.通过细胞生物学活性检测,小肽CPTSQANSC（ZJ1）能够竞争性的抑制胰岛素与其受体的结合,并对正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠,都有明显的降血糖作用.上述结果表明,小肽CPTSQANSC具有胰岛素样生物学活性.而小肽CVQPSHSSC（ZJ2）表现出胰岛素拮抗活性,能引起正常小鼠血糖升高.这表明筛选到了能够模拟胰岛素表位的短肽CPTSQANSC,可能为治疗胰岛素依赖性糖尿病提供了新线索.     

肌钙蛋白I2与“孤儿”核受体ERRα1相互作用位点的鉴定

为深入研究肌钙蛋白I2（TNNI2）作为核受体相互作用蛋白参与核受体基因表达调控的分子机制,采用缺失突变联合酵母双杂交技术证明了TNNI2与ERRα1的相互作用位于TNNI2的1～128位氨基酸残基区域.该区域包括TNNI2蛋白的N末端、抑制肽段（96～116位氨基酸残基）和一个核受体结合位点LXXLL模序（即NR盒）.哺乳细胞瞬时共转染实验证实,TNNI21-128缺失突变体不具备辅助活化功能,并能作为负显性突变体完全抑制野生型TNNI2的辅活化作用.研究充分证明TNNI2与核受体的相互作用定位于TNNI2蛋白1～128氨基酸残基,并从侧面进一步证实了TNNI2能辅助核受体反式激活作用的功能.     

噬菌体肽库筛选抗人B7-H4中和抗体的模拟抗原表位及其免疫原性鉴定

目的:用噬菌体呈现随机12肽库筛选能与抗人B7-H4(h B7-H4)中和抗体特异性结合的模拟抗原表位肽,并用其免疫小鼠检测其免疫原性。方法:以抗h B7-H4中和抗体为靶分子,用体外生物淘洗法从噬菌体呈现随机12肽库中筛选与之结合的噬菌体克隆,用竞争性细胞ELISA鉴定阳性噬菌体克隆;化学合成候选多肽,并与钥孔血蓝蛋白或破伤风毒素偶联鉴定多肽的特异性;进一步用融合蛋白免疫小鼠检测其免疫原性和抗血清的补体依赖的细胞杀伤活性(CDC)。结果:经过3轮体外筛选后随机挑取50个阳性噬菌体克隆,其中20个克隆与抗h B7-H4抗体有较强的结合能力,DNA测序得到6组结构相似的肽序列;竞争性ELISA结果显示1号肽噬菌体能与细胞表面的h B7-H4竞争性地结合抗h B7-H4单抗;点杂交结果显示1号肽能特异性结合抗h B7-H4单抗;小鼠免疫实验结果显示1号肽融合蛋白能诱导高滴度的抗h B7-H4抗血清,并且抗血清具有补体依赖的细胞杀伤活性。结论:筛选得到能与抗h B7-H4中和抗体特异性结合的12肽模拟抗原表位序列并且具有免疫原性,为进一步开发h B7-H4相关的多肽疫苗提供了实验依据。     

抗GPC3 C端抗体辅助杀伤肝癌细胞HepG2的活性检测及抗原表位鉴定

目的：检测制备的7株抗磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3（GPC3）蛋白C端单克隆抗体是否具有辅助杀伤肝癌细胞的活性,并研究其识别的抗原表位。方法：用细胞增殖法检测制备的抗体是否具有抗体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒性（ADCC）活性;用生物信息软件分析GPC3蛋白C端（359～580残基）的结构及抗原特征,并据此将其分为4个截短片段,将克隆的各基因片段分别连接到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,进行蛋白表达和纯化,用间接ELISA和Western印迹分析GPC3C端单克隆抗体的表位识别情况。结果与结论：制备的7株单克隆抗体对肝癌细胞HepG2均具有不同程度的辅助杀伤作用,其中5号单克隆抗体的辅助杀伤效果最好;表达并纯化了GPC3C端4个截短片段的重组蛋白;间接ELISA和Western印迹检测结果表明,7株抗体均特异性结合GPC3蛋白的473～525残基区段。     

从噬菌体表面展示肽库中筛选衣原体单克隆抗体识别的抗原表位

利用抗体捕获法,经三轮淘洗,从表面展示随机肽序列的噬菌体文库中筛选到与衣原体单克隆抗体C17特异结合的噬菌体克隆,其一致序列为：（L／I）PGGS（P／W）,竞争抑制实验表明含特异序列的克隆能与天然抗原竞争。据此,我们认为此序列为衣原体的B细胞抗原表位。     

天蚕抗菌肽Ａ与蜂毒素杂合肽基因的合成及在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

根据天蚕抗菌肽Ａ（cecropin A,CA）Ｎ端第１～７个 氨基酸残基、 蜂毒素（melittin,M）Ｎ端第５～１２个氨基酸残基,以大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子设计合成了杂合肽ＣＡ（１～７）-Ｍ（５～1２）基因,同载体pＧＥＭＥＸ-１连接后转化大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９,经打点杂交筛选和序列测定,获得一个与设计一致的克隆。将此克隆中的质粒亚克隆至JM103(DE3) ,经IPTG诱导、BrCN切割和抑菌圈试验表明,克隆的杂合肽基因在JM109(DE3)中获得了表达。 Abstract:According to the studies of David Andreu and other scientists,we designed and synthesized a gene encoding shortened cecropin A-melittin hybrid.This hybrid consists of CA(1-7) and M(5-12).The gene was inserted into pGEMEX-1 in the site of EcoRI and BamHI.A positive clone was obtained by hybridization and DNA sequencing and was expressed in JM109(DE3).     

泰泽氏病原体抗原表位相关肽的初步筛选与鉴定

目的获得泰泽氏病原体抗原表位相关肽,用于实验动物血清中该病原体感染相关抗体的检测。方法选用泰泽氏病原体的四种单克隆抗体(M2、M3、M4、M5)作为配基,从噬菌体表面展示的随机7肽文库中筛选单抗识别的抗原表位,获得特异性噬菌体克隆;并采用ELISA、Western blot方法对其进行分析鉴定,获得阳性噬菌体克隆。结果获得阳性噬菌体克隆5个,其展示的融合蛋白能被泰泽氏病原体的免疫血清识别,ELISA检测A值的P/N为8.0～17.1;Western blot分析显示单一特异性条带,相对分子质量约为38×103。结论本研究获得的5个阳性克隆所表达的融合蛋白,为泰泽氏病原体抗原表位相关肽,可作为该病原体隐性感染血清学检测的候选抗原。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.