档案图书防霉条件研究及防霉剂的筛选

对档案图书保藏过程中引起霉变的微生物种类、引起霉变的主要环境因素和防霉剂的筛选进行了试验研究。结果表明：曲霉属微生物是档案图书霉变的主要霉腐菌,发生霉变的环境温度条件和能够引发霉变的孢子浓度范围较宽,环境相对湿度对霉变起关键作用。安全防霉条件为：控制环境相对湿度低于65％,温度10℃～25℃;低毒防霉剂对硝基苯甲醛和仲丁胺可以应用于档案图书的防霉过程。     

二氧化氯控制北京热电厂除盐水系统中微生物污损危害的效果

为控制北京热电厂除盐水系统中微生物的污堵危害,在现场进行了二氧化氯杀菌的中试及生产性试验,并与加氯杀丽的效果作了比较。在投药量为2ppm的二氧化氯和氯的中试中,滤柱运转周期分别为对照的205％和122％;杀菌率分别为95—100％和85—91％。二氧化氯低剂量(1ppm)生产性投加比氯(5—6ppm)提高杀菌率50一90％,并随时间延长杀菌率进一步提高到90％以上。在不超过2ppm的高剂量投加下,水中存活菌量比加氯(5—6ppm)时下降90—99％,在低或高剂量投加下,玻片附着菌量下降90—95％。滤料、树脂层中菌量下降80—99％。挂片污垢量下降48一70％。延缓菌膜形成期l倍以上。滤池反冲次数下降35—49％,阴阳树脂交换容量分别提高14—17.0％和8—11．8％。 试验表明=氧化氯杀菌、抑制污堵效果明显优于氯,采用投量1一2ppm药剂能达到有效控制或延缓热电厂微生物污堵危害的目的。     

炼油厂循环冷却水系统中有害微生物的研究

调查了我国十六个主要炼油厂循环冷却水系统中主要引起污损、腐蚀的有害微生物——形成粘液异养菌、硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌、真菌的数量及类型;探讨了菌数量和污损危害的相关性,从而提出了炼油厂循环冷却水有害菌控制指标：粘液异养菌<105／ml,硫酸盐还原菌<102／ml,铁细菌<103／ml,真菌相似文献   

档案图书防霉条件研究及防霉剂的筛选*

对档案图书保藏过程中引起霉变的微生物种类、引起霉变的主要环境因素和防霉剂的筛选进行了试验研究。结果表明:曲霉属微生物是档案图书霉变的主要霉腐菌,发生霉变的环境温度条件和能够引发霉变的孢子浓度范围较宽,环境相对湿度对霉变起关键作用。安全防霉条件为:控制环境相对湿度低于65%,温度10℃～25℃;低毒防霉剂对硝基苯甲醛和仲丁胺可以应用于档案图书的防霉过程。     

“十五”国家重点图书，全国优秀畅销书

生物传感器;生物芯片技术;……[编者按]     

基于馆藏标本的元宝槭资源分布研究

元宝槭(Acer truncatum)是无患子科槭属的落叶乔木,又名华北五角枫、元宝槭。因其翅果的形状像中国古代的金元宝故而得此名,是我国特有的油料树种。为了系统研究元宝槭在我国的地理分布和资源特点,该文通过调研国内外主要数字化标本馆的馆藏标本和已有文献,分析了元宝槭的地理分布格局与主要分布区的资源特点。结果表明:基于对收集的1 913份元宝槭标本的分析,元宝槭主要分布于我国东北和华北等地区的27个省/区/市,分布区域广、海拔差异大; 不同地区元宝槭叶片、果实形态大小存在差异,陕西省采集标本的平均果实直径明显大于其他地区; 部分元宝槭标本的采集地、采集时间等信息不全,少量标本由于采集或管理不当导致标本不完整。该文为利用数字化标本资源研究特色油料植物的资源分布情况提供了新的思路和方法。     

中国北黄海地区海洋污损生物膜的微生物群落结构

[目的]了解中国北黄海地区海污损生物膜的微生物群落组成。[方法]通过在烟台海域实地挂板,取得了附着1～7 d的污损生物膜,采用SEM显微分析技术确定了不同时间形成的污损生物膜的形貌特征,并利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对污损生物膜的微生物群落结构进行了测序分析。[结果]高通量测序共得到214 112条有效reads。不同附着时间形成的生物膜中微生物种类不同,但也有635种共有物种。不同时间形成的污损生物膜上有各自典型的附着菌属,如1 d的Tropicibacter、Neptuniibacter、Roseobacter, 3 d的Aquibacter,5 d的Ruegeria,7 d的Actibacter、Robiginitalea、Sulfitobacter等。附着时间至7 d时,微生物群落组成逐渐趋于稳定,其中优势菌群为Chloroplast、Rhodobacteraceae和Marivita。[结论]不同附着时间形成的生物膜的表观形貌和群落组成有显著差异。挂板1 d后即有细菌附着,5 d后有硅藻附着。在1、3、5、7 d所形成的污损生物膜中发现了1 346、1 249、1 54...     

海洋真菌抗污损活性天然产物研究

黏附于海洋船舶或人工设施表面的污损生物给人类海洋生产活动与生态环境带来诸多不利影响.将具有抗污损活性的化合物开发成防污涂料是目前防治海洋生物污损的最常用手段之一.而大量传统有机金属防污剂因其严重毒副作用被禁用,亟须开发高效、环境友好型抗污损涂料.海洋真菌能够产生大量结构新颖、作用机制独特的高效、低毒/无毒抗污损活性次级...     

医学图书馆馆藏建设的调查分析

探讨了目前医学图书馆馆藏结构的现状和馆藏建设策略的转变,在资金短缺的情况下,医学图书馆要确定有效的采购方案,保质保量,突出重点,加强网络协作,实现资源共享,以满足临床和科研的需要。     

处理甲苯废气的生物滴滤池中微生物生态学研究

利用PCR-DGGE技术分析了处理甲苯废气的生物滴滤池生物多样性,结果表明：在运行过程中,随着生物滴滤池对甲苯去除能力的不断增加,填料当中的微生物种群也发生了明显的变化。在甲苯的选择压力下,随时间的迁延,微生物种类减少,优势种群的相对丰度增加,处于不同层面填料上的微生物分布也趋向于一致。     

我国南方生物入侵的问题与对策

外来物种入侵到新的栖息地,可能给当地造成严重的生态灾难,导致生态灾害爆发及生物多样性的丧失,进而威胁到人类生存环境.目前,生物入侵已给我国造成了非常严重的环境问题和社会危害,带来了巨大的生态和经济损失,仅对我国农林业造成的直接经济损失每年就高达574亿元.文中主要以我国南方外来植物为例,分析了生物入侵的危害、途径、原因,针对生物入侵涉及地域、生态系统类型和涉及物种种类特点,提出了防治对策:重视生物入侵现象,加强与之相关问题的基础研究;加强立法,建立科学的引种制度;加强动植物检疫,建立全国外来物种入侵动态监测网;提高全民防范意识;加强国际合作.     

砷还原菌群对砷的还原作用及菌群的多样性分析

从砷污染土壤中富集砷抗性细菌,在厌氧环境中进行培养,观察其对砷的还原能力。结果表明：在21 h之内,As(V)就被完全还原为As(Ⅲ);培养72 h后,培养基中出现黄色沉淀,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)技术对沉淀进行分析表明,沉淀主要是以3种晶型存在的硫化砷(AsS);培养150 h后,大约有65%的As以上述沉淀的方式从溶液中移除。此外,本文还采用了构建16S rDNA文库的方式对该体系中的微生物种群进行分析,利用RFLP技术对16S rDNA片段进行分型,共得到72个操作单元类型(OTU),其中6个OTU占了库容的51%,从这6个OTU中各选取1个克隆进行测序,结果表明,富集到的砷还原细菌属于喜热菌属(Caloramator)、梭菌属(Clostridium)和杆菌属(Bacillus)。     

教学用细菌染色方法的改良

常用细菌染色有革兰氏染色,抗酸染色及检测细菌特殊结构的特殊染色法,本文对改良了的染色法进行比较和进一步改进,实验结果证明有操作简单,染色效果好等优点。     

Tinctorial Properties of Spherical Bodies in Broth Cultures of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2

In yeast extract-supplemented brain heart infusion (BHI) broth cultures of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2, many spherical bodies (SBs) were frequently seen nearby filamentous cells. They showed no Gram-positivity when Gram stain was applied. When acridine orange stain was applied, many of them showed different green fluorescence from bright orange fluorescence of the filamentous nocardiae under ultraviolet light. Their acid-fastness appeared to depend on the presence of paraffin. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, 16S rRNA genes were detected in SB-containing broth cultures inoculated with culture filtrates from broth cultures of the strain and identical to that of N. asteroides. These results suggest that SBs are cell wall-defective (CWD) forms which result from the spontaneous mutation of N. asteroides GUH-2.     

NH_4~+-N、TN、TP和DO对泥鳅的氧化损伤作用研究

目的:水体富营养化给渔业的发展造成严重的负面影响,成为全球瞩目的环境问题之一。方法:本研究利用泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)作为实验生物,选择氨氮(NH4+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和溶解氧(DO)含量作为富营养化水体的影响因素。研究富营养化水体中NH4+-N、TN、TP和DO含量对泥鳅抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化水平的影响,旨在阐明富营养化水体对鱼类的氧化损伤作用。结果:随着水体中NH4+-N、TN、TP和DO含量的增加,泥鳅的SOD活性显著降低(P0.05),MDA含量显著增加(P0.05)。与正常的DO水平相比,水中高浓度和低浓度的氧含量都会造成SOD活性的显著下降(P0.05)和MDA含量的显著上升(P0.05)。其中NH4+-N和DO的影响最大。结论:富营养化水体对鱼类的危害与其造成的鱼类氧化损伤有直接关系,实验的开展为富营养化水体的生物监测与评价具有一定指导作用。     

Penetration and propagation into biological matter and biological effects of high-power ultra-wideband pulses: a review

Abstract

Systems emitting ultra-wideband high power microwave (HP/UWB) pulses are developed for military and civilian applications. HP/UWB pulses typically have durations on the order of nanoseconds, rise times of picoseconds and amplitudes around 100?kV?m^?1. This article reviews current research on biological effects from HP/UWB exposure. The different references were classified according to endpoints (cardiovascular system, central nervous system, behavior, genotoxicity, teratology?…). The article also reviews the aspects of mechanisms of interactions and tissue damage as well as the numerical work that has been done for studying HP/UWB pulse propagation and pulse energy deposition inside biological tissues. The mechanisms proposed are the molecular conformation change, the modification of chemical reaction rates, membrane excitation and breakdown and direct electrical forces on cells or cell constituents, and the energy deposition. As regards the penetration of biological matter and the deposited energy, mainly computations were published. They have shown that the EM field inside the biological matter is strongly modified compared to the incident EM field and that the energy absorption for HP/UWB pulses occurs in the same way as for continuous waves. However, the energy carried by a HP/UWB pulse is very low and the deposited energy is low. The number of published studies dealing with the biological effects is small and only a few pointed out slight effects. It should be further noted that the animal populations used in the studies were not always large, the statistical analyses not always relevant and the teams involved in this research rather limited in number.     

微量蛋白检测中不同银染方法的比较与分析

随着生物化学技术的不断发展,作为检测SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)中微量蛋白的银染方法也在不断改进和发展.采用4种不同的银染方法检测不同含量的牛血清白蛋白,结果显示单纯的银染过程中如果使用戊二醛固定会使蛋白检出更快速灵敏,而结合考马斯亮蓝的复合银染则较单纯银染灵敏度提高了5～7个数量级.     

Adaptations of Goldner's Masson Trichrome Stain for the Study of Undecalcified Plastic Embedded Bone

Specialized adaptations for application of Goldner's Masson trichrome stain to plastic embedded undecalcified bone specimens are presented. This stain can be used successfully on methyl-glycol methacrylate, glycol methacrylate and Spurr embedded bones. The stain affords the advantage of good cellular staining due to the hematoxylin component with concomitant sharp discrimination of mature bone matrix which stains green, immature new bone matrix which stains red, and calcified cartilage which stains very pale green. Use of red filters during photomicrography aids in bone-osteoid discrimination in black and white photographs.     

Evaluation of stain removal and inhibition properties of eight denture cleansers: an in vitro study

Gerodontology 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00522.x
Evaluation of stain removal and inhibition properties of eight denture cleansers: an in vitro study Objectives: To determine the ability of eight denture cleansers to remove and inhibit tea‐stain build‐up on acrylic resin. Materials and methods: In the stain removal study, Perspex^® (cast heat polymerised resin) specimens previously soaked in saliva were stained using multiple exposures of chlorhexidine and tea solutions. Specimens were exposed for 1 min to one of the eight denture cleansers for five cycles, washed and dried and their optical density read on a uv/vis spectrophotometer at 295 nm. In the stain inhibition study, clear specimens were exposed to saliva followed by cleansers then tea solution, for five cycles. The build‐up of stain at each cycle was measured, and differences in optical densities from baseline were calculated. Results: All denture cleansers were significantly more effective than water in removing stain (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in cleaning ability between cleansers (p < 0.001), Dentural^® and Kleenite^® were particularly effective. The stain inhibition experiment showed that most cleansers were significantly more effective than water in inhibiting stain (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in inhibition ability between cleansers (p < 0.01). Kleenite^® and Equate were particularly effective. Conclusions: All denture cleansers had a capacity to remove stain and most had an inhibitory effect on staining. Kleenite^® was particularly effective in controlling stain formation.