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正常玉米螟血淋巴内瓣离氨基酸总量为22.32mg/ml。当幼虫短时间(四龄未至五龄第二天)和长时间(三龄初至五龄第二天)取食慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂(AHI)后,游离氨基酸总量分别为对照的73.9%和33.3%,大多数氨基酸含量明显低于对照;血液蛋白质浓度下降20-52%;幼虫体内γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GTP)活力也明显下降,但体外不被AHI抑制。这些结果表明:AHI能有效地抑制幼虫蛋白承解酶.并间接地影响其他酶和蛋白质的生物合成、最终导致幼虫生长不良。 相似文献
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酚氧化酶(Phenoloxidase,简称PO)大量存在于亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)幼虫的血浆中,血细胞中甚少.该酶的活力与幼虫的发育期相关,在蜕皮和化蛹前后活力达高峰.PO可以粘附在酵母菌细胞表面,但未发现具有调理作用.以Sephadex G-200层析,对PO进行了部分纯化,比活力可提高56倍.试虫感染酵母菌后,活体内血浆PO活力即刻下降;体外证明,感染血浆可抑制正常血浆PO活力,以胰蛋白酶和昆布多糖测试以及行耐温实验,表明该抑制物为蛋白质性质.对PO的防卫作用进行了简要的讨论. 相似文献
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利用生物种间互做关系抑制农业害虫的暴发是生物防治的重要手段。为探讨二种交配型内共生球孢白僵菌与玉米之间的互惠关系及其形成的共生体在亚洲玉米螟控制中的生态效应,以玉米为宿主植物,以球孢白僵菌孢子悬浮液进行灌根,在温室内构建了二种交配型(MAT1-1-1型,B5;MAT1-2-1型,B2)球孢白僵菌-玉米共生体,并研究了共生体对玉米的生长、对亚洲玉米螟的产卵选择和幼虫发育及其对球孢白僵菌生物学特性的影响。结果显示:通过叶片离体培养、ITS基因和交配型基因MAT检测,均能检测到白僵菌的内生定殖;MAT1-2-1型B2菌株定殖检出率高,MAT1-1-1型B5菌株在混合型接种中定殖有优势。回收后的球孢白僵菌菌落直径和毒力无显著性变化,但其产孢量都显著提高其中回收B5处理组来源菌株的产孢量提高最显著。接种过球孢白僵菌的玉米植株地上部生长速度、生物量和地下根系生物量均优于对照组,其中根系干重明显增加,而地上植株干重也相对增加。MAT1-1-1型菌株B5对共生体玉米植株地上高度促生长贡献明显;MAT1-2-1型菌株B2对共生体玉米植株地下干重增加贡献明显。总体上球孢白僵菌内生定殖对玉米地下根系生物量影响大于对地上植株生物量的影响。在产卵选择性试验中,各处理组亚洲玉米螟的产卵量显著少于对照组。共生体对亚洲玉米螟产卵具有明显的趋避作用,MAT1-2-1型菌株B2对产卵的趋避作用明显,而MAT1-2-1型菌株B5的趋避作用较弱。在人工接种幼虫的试验中,处理组回收的亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活率均显著低于对照组,其中,B5组回收幼虫的存活率最低,仅为38.33%;处理组的化蛹率与对照组差异不显著,但B5组的回收幼虫化蛹率显著低于B2组和对照组,仅为34.77%,这说明MAT1-1-1型B5菌株对玉米螟幼虫发育抑制最明显。上述结果表明,不同交配型球孢白僵菌内生定殖效率有差异,在经过内生定殖后在产孢量方面有显著性提高,两个交配型菌株在联合应用时具有协同增效作用;两个交配型菌株均能够通过内生定殖与玉米形成共生体并促进玉米植株的生长,这显示球孢白僵菌和玉米之间已经建立具有互惠关系的共生体。这种共生体通过趋避亚洲玉米螟产卵、抑制幼虫存活和降低化蛹率等方面的潜力虽然不一样,但都有助于对亚洲玉米螟的可持续生态防治,也证明了共生体的建成有效提高了玉米的生态适应性,为利用球孢白僵菌内共生性实施亚洲玉米螟防控提供了新思路。 相似文献
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本文以亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis末龄老熟幼虫为材料,研究了冷诱导对血淋巴、脂肪体和脂肪体体外培养液甘油含量的影响.结果表明,室内人工饲养的滞育幼虫和非滞育幼虫在冷处理后,血淋巴中甘油浓度和脂肪体培养液中甘油含量都随冷处理天数的增加而增长,但滞育幼虫高于非滞育幼虫.与此同时,培养前后的脂肪体中甘油含量却随冷处理天数的增加而下降,而且培养前与培养后无明显差别.冷诱导的非滞育幼虫血淋巴中甘油的积累不受颈部结扎的影响.初冬田间滞育幼虫血淋巴中甘油浓度与冷处理35天的室内人工饲养滞育幼虫的甘油浓度相近;冬末田间滞育幼虫血淋巴中甘油浓度与冷处理95天的室内人工饲养滞育幼虫的甘油浓度相同,比初冬增长了50%左右.但冬末幼虫脂肪体培养液和培养前后的脂肪体中甘油含量都明显下降.以上结果说明亚洲玉米螟滞育幼虫和非滞育幼虫都具有对冷诱导产生反应的能力,它们的脂肪体都能在冷诱导之后合成与分泌甘油;所不同的是,滞育幼虫比非滞育幼虫产生甘油的能力更强,因而抗寒力也更大. 相似文献
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本文报道亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis五龄幼虫注射0.25-1.0毫克/克刀豆氨酸48小时后有关生理生化的变化,其中血淋巴蛋白质电泳区带数目减少,浓度降低,而游离氨基酸总量明显增加,其中脯氨酸和谷氨酸的变化最为明显。虫体酸性磷酸酯酶的活性显著升高,而精氨酸酶的活性却有所降低。刀豆氨酸可引起虫体内尿素含昆下降,而对尿酸含量影响不大。经刀豆氨酸处理后发育成长的成虫其雌虫卵巢和雄虫附腺的蛋白质合成均显著下降,并对上述结果做了简要的讨论。 相似文献
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为研究大肠杆菌Escherichia coli侵染引发亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée幼虫免疫应激反应的机理,本实验测定了分别注射生理盐水以及3×103,3×104,3×105和3×106个细胞/mL大肠杆菌后亚洲玉米螟5龄幼虫血淋巴中血细胞总数(THC)、颗粒细胞和浆血细胞数量,血清中酚氧化酶(PO)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的活性,通过流式细胞仪分析了血细胞活性氧自由基(ROS)水平的动态变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,注射3×105和3×106个细胞/mL大肠杆菌细胞后12 h,可引起亚洲玉米螟5龄幼虫THC及浆血细胞、颗粒细胞数量明显上升(P<0.01),同时应激产生大量ROS。3×104,3×105和3×106个细胞/mL大肠杆菌3个不同浓度处理组均引起幼虫体内PO活性显著升高(P<0.01),诱导幼虫血清中GSH-px,GST及GR的活性上升(P<0.01)。这些结果表明, 亚洲玉米螟幼虫受到大肠杆菌侵染后,其血淋巴细胞免疫和体液免疫能力受到显著影响, 可诱导血清中GSH-px,GST和GR活性升高以清除过多的ROS, 防止其毒害。 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟滞育关联蛋白的分离和纯化 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
用6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳, 在亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis河南种群滞育幼虫血淋巴中发现了2种滞育关联蛋白, 它们的等电点分别为5.3和4.7; 而在亚洲玉米螟上海种群滞育幼虫血淋巴中发现了1种滞育关联蛋白,等电点为4.7。亚洲玉米螟河南种群滞育关联蛋白仅在滞育幼虫血淋巴中存在。亚洲玉米螟上海种群滞育关联蛋白在滞育和非滞育幼虫血淋巴中均存在,只是它们在滞育幼虫血淋巴中的含量明显高于非滞育幼虫血淋巴中的含量。用30%~50%丙酮沉淀、SephaDex G-100凝胶过滤和MONOQ RH 5/5阴离子交换快速液相法,纯化到了高纯度(≥98%)亚洲玉米螟上海种群滞育幼虫血淋巴中的滞育关联蛋白。 相似文献
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Qingli Shang Yiou Pan Tianfei Peng Shuang Yang Xin Lu Zhenying Wang Jinghui Xi 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2015,90(4):195-208
Many insects in temperate regions overwinter in diapause. In these insects, one of the metabolic adaptations to cold stress is the synthesis of responsive proteins. Using proteomic analysis, an investigation aimed to a better understanding of the molecular adaptation mechanisms to cold stress was carried out in Ostrinia furnacalis larva. Proteins were extracted from the larval hemolymph collected from both control and overwintering larva. By polyethylene glycol precipitation, approximately 560 protein spots were separated and visualized on two‐dimensional (2D) gels after silver staining. Eighteen protein spots were found to be upregulated in overwinter larval plasma in different patterns. As an initial work, 13 of these proteins were identified using MALDI TOF/TOF MS. The differentially overexpressed proteins include heat shock 70 kDa cognate protein, small heat shock protein (sHSP), putative aliphatic nitrilase, arginine kinase, phosphoglyceromutase, triosephosphateisomerase, and glutathione transferase. Alterations in the levels of these proteins were further confirmed by qPCR. This study is the first analysis of differentially expressed plasma proteins in O. furnacalis diapause larvae under extremely low temperature conditions and gives new insights into the acclimation mechanisms responsive to cold stress. Our results also support the idea that energy metabolism, alanine and proline metabolism, and antioxidative reaction act in the cold acclimation of O. furnacalis diapause larvae. 相似文献
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Yukio Ishikawa Takuma Takanashi Choong-gon Kim Sugihiko Hoshizaki Sadahiro Tatsuki Yongping Huang 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1999,91(1):237-244
To contribute to the understanding of the genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) in Japan, we collected larvae of Ostrinia spp. from known host plants and plants not recorded as hosts, and we examined the morphology and sex pheromones of the adults obtained. Consequently, the host plant ranges of the 7 Ostrinia spp. in Japan were clarified, and the sex pheromones of the 5 species O. scapulalis, O. zealis, O. zaguliaevi, O. palustralis and O. latipennis were identified in addition to that of the Asian corn borer O. furnacalis. The phylogenetic relationships of Japanese Ostrinia spp., with reference to the European corn borer O. nubilalis, are discussed based on these findings and results of molecular phylogenetic analyses. 相似文献
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ANDREI N. FROLOV DENIS BOURGUET SERGINE PONSARD 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,91(1):49-72
We reconsider the taxonomy of a group of closely related Ostrinia spp., illustrating how useful Mayr's biological species concept remains for studying speciation patterns and processes. We review and re-analyse recent data on Ostrinia scapulalis , Ostrinia nubilalis , Ostrinia narynensis and Ostrinia orientalis , along with those obtained over > 45 years in the former Soviet Union. The ten species of the 'trilobed uncus' group in the Ostrinia genus are classified into subgroups according to male mid-tibia morphology. However, none of the characters that further discriminate between them (female sex pheromones, male genitalia and calling time) varies together with male mid-tibia morphology, and neither do molecular markers. Moreover, male mid-tibia morphology appears to depend on only two diallelic loci and seems to be unrelated to reproductive isolation between Ostrinia taxa. By contrast, reproductive isolation is strongly related to host-plant type. In accordance with Mayr's species concept, we thus propose a revision of the trilobed uncus Ostrinia spp. based primarily on host-plant type. We propose that O. narynensis Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 ( syn. nov. ) and O. orientalis Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 ( syn. nov. ) be synonymized with O. scapulalis (Walker, 1859). We further demonstrate that O. nubilalis auctt. pro parte feeding on mugwort, hop, and several other dicotyledons (previously called the ' O. nubilalis mugwort-race' in France) also belongs to O. scapulalis . Consequently, we propose that only O. nubilalis specimens feeding on maize (the former French ' O. nubilalis maize-race') belong to O. nubilalis (Hübner, 1796). The implications of this revision are discussed. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 91 , 49–72. 相似文献
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D. Kageyama G. Nishimura S. Ohno T. Takanashi S. Hoshizaki & Y. Ishikawa 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2004,111(1):79-83
Sex ratio distortion toward females (SR trait), induced by a Wolbachia bacterium, has been reported in two species of the Ostrinia furnacalis group, viz., O. furnacalis, and O. scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). In addition, an SR trait caused by abacterial, unidentified agent(s) is known in O. scapulalis. Here we examined the SR trait in four other species of the furnacalis group, viz., O. orientalis, O. zaguliaevi, and O. zealis from Japan, and O. nubilalis from central and eastern Europe. Wolbachia infection was detected in three O. orientalis females and in one O. zaguliaevi female, and the infection was always associated with the SR trait. In terms of wsp and ftsZ gene sequences, Wolbachia strains in O. orientalis and O. zaguliaevi were indistinguishable from each other, or from those in O. furnacalis and O. scapulalis. These findings suggest that Wolbachia strains in the four Ostrinia species are probably identical. In addition, one O. zealis female, which was negative in diagnostic PCRs for Wolbachia and general bacteria, produced an all‐female brood. This trait was very similar to the SR trait caused by abacterial agent(s) in O. scapulalis. 相似文献
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采用饲喂法,抑太保(Atabron,IKI-7899)对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis幼虫的LC50约是灭幼脲Ⅰ号的1/10.体内和体外实验表明,抑太保及灭幼脲Ⅰ号均能导致幼虫表皮酚氧化酶及几丁质酶活力显著增高.与对照相比,饲喂抑太保及灭幼脲Ⅰ号,五龄幼虫表皮酚氧化酶活力分别增长276.00%和28.00%、几丁质酶活力分别增长42.25%和13.62%;腹腔注射抑太保及灭幼脲Ⅰ号,五龄幼虫表皮酚氧化酶活力分别增长74.86%和37.98%、几丁质酶活力分别增长68.18%和28.86%.我们认为,酚氧化酶及几丁质酶活力的增高应是抑太保及灭幼脲Ⅰ号导致玉米螟死亡的重要原因. 相似文献
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Xiaoyan FU Sadahiro TATSUKI Sugihiko HOSIZAKI Yukio ISHIKAWA 《Entomological Science》2005,8(4):363-369
Inheritance patterns of female sex pheromone production and male behavioral response were studied in Ostrinia orientalis. Results showed that the production of the female sex pheromone in O. orientalis was mainly controlled by a single autosomal factor, while the male behavioral response was controlled by a sex‐linked major gene. 相似文献