尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒凝血酶样成分的研究——Ⅲ.蛇毒凝血酶止血效应的研究

将纯化得到的蛇毒凝血酶(TLE_3、TLE_4),经家兔体内实验表明,2—3凝血酶单位/kg体重剂量能显著地使家兔全血凝血时间缩短1/3—1/2。药后1小时即有促凝作用,以2—4小时凝血(止血)效应最强,12小时已消失。与Holleman, W. H.等自美洲矛头蝮蛇毒中得到的蛇毒凝血酶(Hemocoagulase)相似。经家兔及家犬实验性创伤止血实验表明,对创伤出血有止血作用。     

立止血外用治疗断指再植术后出血的效果观察

目的 观察立止血外用治疗断指再植术后出血的效果.方法 对2010年9月~2011年5月我科收治的13例断指再植术后出血患者应用立止血冻干粉进行止血治疗,并观察其止血效果.结果 13例患者断指再植术出血点均取得了较好的止血效果,止血时间2~5 min,止血成功后出血部位无血痂形成,且未发生血运障碍等并发症.结论 外用立止血对断指再植术后出血的治疗效果较好,起效时间短,并发症发生率较低,值得临床推广应用.     

荫风轮的止血抗炎作用

荫风轮止血粉及荫风轮浸膏对家兔动脉外伤出血及肝、脾外伤出血,均有较好的止血作用,并能缩短小鼠断尾出血时间,但荫风轮浸膏不能影响小鼠体外凝血.荫风轮有较好的抗炎活性,尚可延长60Cor损伤小鼠的存活时间.     

立止血的研制历史及其应用概况

立止血是从蛇毒中分离得到的 ,以止血作用为主的酶性制剂。其中含有两种成分 :巴曲酶(Batroxobin) ,亦称巴特罗酶 (Batroase)、爬虫酶(Reptilase) ,及微量的凝血因子 脂依赖性激活剂(Phospholipid- depending Factor X Activator,FXA,简称 因子激活物 ) [1] 。因为前者在立止血中占绝大比例 ,我国也将巴曲酶、巴特罗酶、爬虫酶称为立止血 ,特别是将 Reptilase译 /称为立止血最为常见。比较正式的立止血药用通名应为血凝酶(Haemocoagulase) [1,2 ]。由于它具有速效、高效、长效、安全、方便且不受血浆凝血酶抑制剂影响的诸多优点 ,因…     

复方止血消炎软膏对小鼠止血凝血时间的影响研究

目的:围绕止血、凝血等方面,进行复方止血消炎软膏的主要药效学研究。方法:应用小鼠断尾止血和凝血实验,分别观察复方止血消炎软膏对小鼠止血及凝血作用;采用断尾法和玻片法评价复方止血消炎软膏止血凝血作用。结果:复方止血消炎软膏连续肛门给药7d后,能有效缩短小鼠断尾出血时间及凝血时间。结论:复方止血消炎软膏具有一定的止血凝血作用,可作为术后止血收敛的外用药使用。     

立止血应用于扁桃体手术170例观察

立止血是一种经纯化的洞蝮蛇酶,为一高效快速的止血药,可促进生理性的止血过程,常用于各种创伤及手术出血。我院１９９１～１９９７年对１７０例住院行扁桃腺手术病人应用立止血止血,获得显著疗效,现报告如下。１临床资料扁桃腺摘除术１７０例,均采用剥离法。全麻３...     

立止血的酶学特性及其作用机理

立止血是从蛇毒中分离得到的、以止血作用为主的酶制剂。其中含有两种成分 :巴曲酶 ( Batrox-obin) ,亦称巴特罗酶 ( Batroase)、爬虫酶( Reptilase) ,及微量的凝血因子 脂依赖性激活剂( Phospholipid- depending Factor X Activator,FXA,简称 因子激活物 ) [1,2 ] 。由于立止血具有速效、高效、长效、安全、方便且不受血浆凝血酶抑制剂影响的诸多优点 ,因而广泛用于治疗和预防各种出血性疾病。本文将就其酶学特性及作用机理作一综述。1　酶学特性1 .1　巴曲酶的基本酶学特性　　立止血中的巴曲酶为类凝血酶 ,是单链的糖蛋白 ,可由数…     

高剂量生长抑素、奥美拉唑联合止血芳酸治疗急性上消化道出血合并凝血功能障碍患者的临床效果

目的:探讨高剂量生长抑素、奥美拉唑联合止血芳酸治疗急性上消化道出血合并凝血功能障碍患者的临床效果及安全性。方法:选择我院2014年1月~2017年12月收治的92例急性上消化出血合并凝血功能障碍的患者,并按随机数表法将其分为对照组和研究组。对照组予以常规剂量生长抑素、奥美拉唑联合止血芳酸治疗,研究组予以高剂量生长抑素治疗,其余奥美拉唑及止血芳酸用法同对照组。治疗后,比较两组的临床疗效、止血情况、住院时间,治疗前后血常规指标、凝血功能的变化及并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组总有效率明显高于对照组[91.30%vs.74.42%](P0.05),而平均止血时间、再止血率及住院时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05);两组白细胞计数(WBC)、部分活化凝血酶原时间(APTT)及凝血酶原时间(PT)均较治疗前明显下降,血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞压积(Hct)及血小板计数(PLT)均较治疗前明显上升,且研究组以上指标变化较对照组更明显(P0.05)。两组并发症的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高剂量生长抑素、奥美拉唑联合止血芳酸治疗急性上消化道出血合并凝血功能障碍的效果明显优于常规剂量生长抑素、奥美拉唑联合止血芳酸治疗,其能够更有效缩短止血时间,避免再出血,且未增加药物不良反应,安全性高。     

HB提取条件的优选及其凝血实验研究

目的：探讨HB（一种促凝血草药的简称）提取条件的优选,及其氯仿萃取纯化后水相提取物的体内、外促凝血作用。方法：以家兔、大鼠为研究对象,分为空白组、云南白药对照组和HB氯仿萃取水相提取物组。观察家兔体外凝血时间;及给药10d后大鼠的血生化指标,如凝血酶原（PT）时间、活化部分凝血活酶（APTT）时间、纤维蛋白原（FIB）含量、凝血酶（TT）时间、血小板计数（PLT）。结果：HB水提最优工艺条件是：提取水量10倍,提取温度90℃。提取时间1.5h。体外促凝效果的观察：家兔的四种方法体外凝血时间明显短于空白及云南白药对照组（P〈0.01）,且凝血时间缩短70%以上。体内促凝作用观察：各用药组血小板计数均显著高于空白及云南白药组（p〈0.01）;高（5,10,20mg/kg）剂量组PT时间均显著短于空白组（p〈0.01）,与云南白药组相比无显著性差异（p〉0.05）;各剂量组APTT、FIB、TT较空白及云南白药组无显著性差异。结论：HB氯仿萃取纯化后水相提取物具有良好的体内、外促凝血作用,而其能使血小板计数显著升高是其主要止血机理之一。     

降气止血汤辅助法莫替丁对消化性溃疡急性出血患儿TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α水平的影响

目的:探究降气止血汤辅助法莫替丁对消化性溃疡急性出血患儿血浆血栓烷B2 (Thromboxane B2, TXB2)、6-酮前列腺素(6-keto-prostaglandin, 6-Keto-PGF1α)水平的影响。方法:选择我院2015年10月-2018年10月收治的60例消化性溃疡急性出血患儿,经随机数字表法分为两组,每组30例。对照组采用法莫替丁进行治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合降气止血汤进行治疗。对比两组的治疗总有效率、治疗前后凝血功能指标和TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α水平的变化。结果:治疗后,研究组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组的凝血酶时间(Thrombin time, TT)、凝血酶原时间(Prothrombin time, PT)、凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time, aPTT)及6-Keto-PGF1α水平均显著低于治疗前,血小板计数(Platelet count, PLT)、纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,Fbg)及TXB2水平均明显高于治疗前,且研究组以上指标改善更明显(P0.05)。结论:降气止血汤辅助法莫替丁治疗消化性溃疡急性出血患儿的效果显著优于单用法莫替丁治疗,可能与其有效改善患儿的凝血功能及TXB2和6-Keto-PGF1α水平有关。     

藕节止血作用研究

本实验通过测定毛细管凝血时间(CT)、剪尾法出血时间(BT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、优球蛋白溶解时间(ELT)等指标研究藕节醇提物及其不同极性段的体内止血作用.结果表明,藕节醇提物显著缩短小鼠CT、BT,显示很好的止血作用,可能是主要通过缩短APTT、PT,延长ELT...     

Trypanosoma cruzi: early resistance induced by culture-derived trypomastigotes

Previous observations in this laboratory showed that injection of culture-derived trypomastigotes (CT), in CBA/J mice, induced an early increased resistance that was detected 24-72 hr after antigen injection and permitted mice to survive a challenge of 10(5) blood trypomastigotes (BT) corresponding to 2000 LD50%. Present experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for inducing this early resistance and to investigate the early morphological changes which occurred in blood and lymphoid organs of mice infected with either BT or CT. Among nine antigens tested, only living CT showed a protective effect permitting most of mice to survive 30 days after BT challenge, while control mice injected with PBS or other antigens died at 10 +/- 1 days. A dose-response relationship was seen when different doses of CT were tested, higher doses of CT inducing higher survival and lower parasitemia. Injection of CT by either an im or ip route induced similar degrees of resistance but significantly different results were obtained when mice were challenged by using ip or im routes. Higher parasitemia and lower survival were always obtained when animals were challenged by the ip route. Within 72 hr, mice injected with BT presented a lymphopenia which reached a maximum at 48 hr, a depletion of thymic cortical zone, and splenomegaly with hyperplasia of the white pulp and congestion of the red pulp. No gross alterations were observed in animals infected with CT. Overall data suggest that the early resistance is a specifically induced phenomenon and that BT and CT induce different early reactions in the CBA/J lymphoid organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of central injection of L-carnosine on sympathetic nerve activity innervating brown adipose tissue and body temperature in rats

In the present study, using urethane-anesthetized rats, we examined the effects of intralateral cerebral ventricular (LCV) injection of various doses of L-carnosine on neural activity innervating brown adipose tissue (BAT-SNA) and body temperature (BT). We found that injection of a low dose of L-carnosine (0.01 microg) suppressed BAT-SNA significantly. Conversely, a high dose (100 microg) of L-carnosine significantly elevated BAT-SNA. In the light period (14:00), brown adipose tissue temperature (BAT-T) and BT were suppressed after low and elevated after high dose injection of L-carnosine whereas in the dark period (2:00), these parameters remained unchanged with L-carnosine treatment. Bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) abolished the effects of low and high doses of L-carnosine on BAT-SNA, BAT-T and BT. Furthermore, high dose treatment with L-carnosine altered c-Fos induction in the SCN and the PVN. These results suggest that l-carnosine affects BAT-SNA, BAT-T and BT in a dose-dependent manner in the rat, and that the SCN may be involved in these effects.     

The use of radiotelemetry to assess the time needed to acclimatize guineapigs following several hours of ground transport

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ground transportation on guineapigs. Physiological parameters, i.e. heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT) and activity (ACT), were measured before and after transport, using previously implanted radiotelemetry transmitters. Body weight was measured before and after transport. After a postsurgical recovery period and data recording at the breeder's facility, the animals were transported for 2.25 h (Group 1) and for 7.5 h (Group 2) to a different animal facility. Data collection started immediately after arrival at the second animal facility. All parameters measured changed significantly after transport. These results suggest that a 10- to 12-day period is required for guineapigs to return to pre-transport levels of HR, BT and ACT.     

输尿管导管逆行灌注凝血酶对大鼠肾脏穿刺术后出血的影响

目的应用逆行输尿管导管灌注凝血酶溶液观察大鼠肾脏出血肉眼血尿局部止血的疗效。方法通过单侧肾穿刺配合全身肝素化制备大鼠肾脏出血肉眼血尿模型。32只SD大鼠模型随机分作4组,分别以低、中、高三种不同浓度的凝血酶及生理盐水经输尿管导管行该侧肾盂逆行灌注。检测灌注前及灌注后各组大鼠尿红细胞计数值、外周血血色素水平、出血时间、凝血时间及血肌酐水平等指标。结果三种不同剂量的凝血酶溶液组灌注后尿红细胞计数水平与生理盐水对照组相比均有显著差异（P〈0.05）;其中凝血酶溶液中、高剂量组给药后5min及40 min尿红细胞计数水平均显著低于低剂量组（P〈0.05）;不同剂量的凝血酶溶液组与生理盐水对照组在灌注后40 min检测的大鼠外周血血色素水平比较均有明显差异（P〈0.05）;其中凝血酶中、高剂量组灌注后40min大鼠外周血血色素水平显著高于低剂量组（P〈0.05）。灌注凝血酶溶液前、后的出血时间、凝血时间及血肌酐水平均无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论逆行灌注凝血酶溶液对大鼠肾穿刺术后严重的肾出血有明显迅速的止血效果,且有一定的量效依存关系;同时对大鼠凝血功能及肾功能未发现明显影响。     

Effect of restraint and injection methods on heart rate and body temperature in mice

Routine procedures in the laboratory, inducing acute stress, will have an impact on the animals and might thereby influence scientific results. In an attempt to gain more insight into quantifying this acute stress by means of the parameters heart rate (HR) and body temperature (BT), we subjected mice to different restraint and injection methods. We first compared the treatment response of HR and BT, measured by means of radiotelemetry, with the treatment response of plasma corticosterone (pCORT), a common and well-validated parameter for measuring acute stress responses. It was found that HR, and to a lesser extent also BT, parallels pCORT values after subjecting the animals to different methods of restraint. Secondly, the acute stress response caused by different injection methods was evaluated. Again, HR was found to be a more sensitive parameter than BT. We found that, in case of sham injections, the acute stress response after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection was more pronounced than after intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) injections, but this difference was found to be inconsistent when saline was used as injection fluid. In a third experiment we investigated if the level of experience of the animal technician influenced the stress response after s.c. injections, but no differences were found. Overall, the results have indicated that HR might be considered as a useful parameter for measuring acute stress responses to routine procedures, but the value of BT seems to be of limited value in this respect.     

多模式磁共振指导超时间窗急性缺血性卒中的静脉溶栓治疗研究

目的:评价多模式磁共振指导下超时间窗静脉应用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂rt PA治疗急性缺血性卒中的疗效及安全性。方法:将68例急性脑梗塞患者分为rt PA静脉溶栓组A组、强化抗栓治疗组B组,各组按药物干预时间再分为4.5小时亚组及4.5-6小时亚组。A组给予rt PA静脉溶栓治疗和常规治疗,B组给予首剂氯吡格雷300毫克+阿司匹林100毫克和常规治疗。治疗前行急诊头多模式磁共振检查,治疗24小时后复查头CT,分别于治疗前后不同时间点进行NIHSS评分和3个月MRS评分,记录不良事件的发生情况。结果:A组两个亚组治疗后各时间点NIHSS评分均明显低于B组,且A组4.5小时亚组治疗后NIHSS评分低于其4.5-6小时亚组,A组3个月预后良好患者比例显著高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组症状性颅内出血的发生率高于B组。结论:多模式头磁共振指导下超时间窗rt PA静脉溶栓治疗安全有效,远期疗效优于强化抗栓治疗,但颅内症状性出血风险略高于强化抗栓治疗。     

Cholera toxin modulates the systemic immune responses against Vibrio cholerae surface antigens after repeated inoculations

The immunomodulating properties of a low cholera toxin (CT) dose over the systemic antibody response against Vibrio cholerae antigens after a comparatively extensive period of time were evaluated. Groups of 10 mice were injected intraperitoneally three times at 0, 30 and 86 days with 500 microl of buffer or 10(8) viable recombinant V. cholerae bacteria (lacking cholera toxin A subunit) with or without 100 ng of CT. Sera were obtained from inoculated mice at 0, 14, 28, 37, 58, 80, 93, 114, 236 and 356 days after the first injection. Vibriocidal activity and IgM and IgG anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or outer membrane protein (OMP) antibodies levels were estimated by ELISA in sera of inoculated mice. Anti-LPS IgG subclasses were measured 2 weeks after each immunization by ELISA. Treatment of mice with CT markedly influenced the immune response to LPS but not against OMP of V. cholerae. Simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of CT with V. cholerae resulted in marked enhancement of both IgM anti-LPS and vibriocidal titers which subsisted for a relatively extensive period of time after repeated antigen administration. No differences were observed in IgM and IgG anti-OMP titers after extended periods of time between CT and control treatments. A similar pattern of IgG anti-LPS subclasses was observed in the serum samples analyzed. These results suggest that long term CT administration modulates the IgM anti-V. cholerae LPS response and the serum vibriocidal activity.     

多器官功能不全综合征时肠道细菌易位及通里攻下法影响的实验研究

肠道是全身感染的起源,细菌易位在ＭＯＤＳ的发生发展中具有重要作用。本实验以放射性同位素３５Ｓ标记致病Ｅｃｏｌｉ作示踪剂,研究不同剂量酵母多糖腹腔注射所致ＭＯＤＳ时肠道细菌易位的途径和程度,并观察通里攻下中药和抗生素对细菌易位的影响。结果表明,酵母多糖腹腔注射能造成肠道屏障损伤引起细菌易位,细菌易位的程度具有剂量依赖性。细菌易位途径主要有两条,低剂量时细菌易位以肠系膜淋巴结途径为主,高剂量时以门静脉途径为主。予先应用新霉素和灭滴灵给肠道脱污染反而加重细菌易位,抗生素治疗对细菌移位效果不明显。以大承气汤为代表的通里攻下中药对控制细菌易位有显著效果     

Multivariate analysis for the understanding of typical diabetic hemostasis criteria. 1: Plasma markers]

In 309 patients investigations were made into the functions of blood coagulation with special consideration of numerous metabolic criteria. They referred to 111 healthy control persons and 198 patients with diabetes mellitus, 67 of them being of type I and 131 of type II. From a variety of metabolic characteristics and haemostasis optimal criteria were determined by means of the statistical method of multivariance analysis, which enables a distinction to be made between diabetics of type I, type II and healthy persons. Among those 13 characteristics detected as optimal amount there were thrombin time, thrombin coagulase time as parameter of haemostasis both before and after venous congestion, reptilase time prior to venous congestion and fibrinogen concentration after it. Thus, these coagulation factors indicate a different behaviour in both types of diabetes and in healthy control persons.