季铵化聚醚醚酮阴离子交换膜的制备及性能研究

以四甲基联苯二酚和二氟二苯甲酮为单体通过缩聚反应、溴化、季铵化、碱化制备了不同季铵化的聚醚醚酮阴离子交换膜。利用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)对聚醚醚酮的结构进行了表征,并测试了膜的各项性能。结果表明,溴代率为65%的QPAE-b膜性能最好,离子交换容量(IEC)为1.24 mmol·g~(-1),80℃下吸水率(WU)可达120%、溶胀率(SR)为34%、电导率为27.9 ms·cm~(-1),说明QPAE-b膜在碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池方面有很好的应用前景。     

含氟聚醚砜阴离子交换膜的制备和性能研究

以双(4-氯苯基)砜和2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷为单体通过缩聚反应、氯甲基化、季铵化和碱化,制备了不同季铵化的含氟聚醚砜阴离子交换膜。利用核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)对聚醚砜(PES)、氯甲基化聚醚砜(CMPES)和季铵化聚醚砜(QPES)的结构进行了表征,并测试了膜的各项性能。结果表明,膜的离子交换容量(IEC)受氯甲基化反应条件的影响,最佳条件下制得QPES-A5膜性能最佳,IEC为1.739 meq·g~(-1),80℃下吸水率(WU)可达45.4%,溶胀率(SR)为20.6%,电导率为26.10 mS·cm~(-1),常温下拉伸强度为24 MPa。60℃时用3 mol/L NaOH溶液浸泡24 h后,电导率仍为21.90 mS·cm~(-1),良好的综合性能说明含氟聚醚砜阴离子交换膜在碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池方面有很好的应用前景     

基于渗透调解物质及叶绿素分析红砂抗旱优良家系的早期选择

对生长健壮、无病虫害的77个3年生红砂家系进行可溶性蛋白(SP)、可溶性糖(SS)、脯氨酸(Pro)及叶绿素(Chl)含量测定,运用主成分分析法和隶属函数法进行抗旱性综合评价,筛选抗旱优良家系.结果表明:77个家系的叶片渗透调解物和叶绿素含量存在较大差异,可溶性蛋白含量为2.14~8.60 mg·g~(-1)FM,可溶性糖含量为6.82~21.86 mg·g~(-1)FM,脯氨酸含量为118.73~1494.30μg·g~(-1)FM,叶绿素a含量为321.88~897.37μg·g~(-1)FM,叶绿素b含量为53.65~249.04μg·g~(-1)FM,叶绿素(a+b)含量为387.39~1146.40μg·g~(-1)FM,叶绿素a/b值为3.46~6.42.各抗旱指标在红砂家系中差异显著,脯氨酸含量变异最大,可溶性糖含量次之.采用多指标的综合评价方法发现,12个家系为抗旱性优良家系,其中扎子沟1-2号和扎子沟1-1号家系表现最好.     

西施舌的耗氧率与排氨率研究

采用室内实验生态学方法研究了不同栖息水温和不同溶解氧水平下处于标准代谢状态的西施舌耗氧率与排氨率,并测定了窒息点.结果表明,在25 ℃时,水中DO≥3.11±0.15 mg·L^-1时,西施舌的耗氧率和排氨率分别为0.7±0.05 mg·g^-1·h^-1和2.56±0.05 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,处于相对稳定状态;当DO低于此值则代谢出现异常,耗氧率随DO下降而下降,直到窒息为止,其窒息点为1.22±0.06 mg·L^-1,而排氨率也呈直线下降,但排氨停止滞后于耗氧停止.耗氧率与栖息水温呈二次线型关系:OCR=-0.0027T²+0.1367T-0.9557,R²=0.972;水温为25.3 ℃时,西施舌的耗氧率达到最大,为0.77 mg·g^-1·h^-1.处于适温状态(15 ℃和20 ℃)的O/N值要高于低温(10 ℃)和高温(25 ℃和30 ℃)时的O/N值,西施舌在适宜条件下更多地依赖于脂肪供能维持标准代谢,而在环境不适时则更多地调用机体的蛋白质来维持生理代谢需要.     

基于愈创木酚的生物基固化剂对环氧树脂的固化性质

将生物基化合物丁二酸酐和具有芳环刚性结构的愈创木酚通过傅克反应制备得到同时具有酚羟基和羧酸基团的化合物3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酰)丙酸(GSA)。结果发现:GSA可以作为环氧树脂的固化剂,与常用的石油基固化剂4,4-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)相比,GSA的固化体系具有更高的固化反应速率常数。在相同的固化条件下,用GSA固化得到的双酚A型环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度比DDS固化得到的高了40℃,5%热失重温度提高了107.8℃,显示出了更为优异的热稳定性。本研究对构筑高性能生物基高分子材料提供了借鉴思路。     

茉莉酸甲酯对茶条槭悬浮细胞没食子酸合成的影响

为了研究茶条槭悬浮细胞中没食子酸的合成,该研究进行了茉莉酸甲酯诱导试验。通过添加茉莉酸甲酯,利用HPLC检测诱导后细胞中没食子酸的含量变化情况,同时利用电导仪、酸度计、分光光度计法和激光共聚焦显微镜对培养液和细胞进行电导率、pH值、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性以及细胞形态等进行分析。结果表明:(1)相对于正常培养的细胞,添加100μmol·L~(-1)的茉莉酸甲酯诱导24 h时,没食子酸的含量达到最高为12.49 mg·g~(-1),其含量是对照的2倍左右。(2)茉莉酸甲酯的添加导致细胞培养液的pH值和电导率成波动趋势,细胞膜受损,通透性增大,细胞核分散,出现多个细胞核现象。(3)细胞内可溶性蛋白含量在诱导24 h、72 h和5 d时达到高峰,其含量分别是对照的1.4、1.67、2.07倍左右。(4)苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性在诱导24 h和5 d时分别出现一次高峰,其活性分别是对照的2倍和3.75倍。研究认为,茉莉酸甲酯处理短时间内促进了茶条槭细胞内没食子酸含量的积累,细胞内PAL活性和可溶性蛋白含量有所增加,对细胞液中的pH值和电导率影响不显著。     

汉中茶叶氨基酸含量测定及营养价值评价分析

为了解汉中茶区不同品种茶叶的营养成分,采用氨基酸自动分析仪法对南郑县、镇巴县目前种植的五种茶树品种中的氨基酸含量进行测定。结果表明,共检测出31种氨基酸,总含量(以干质量计)分别为中茶102 60.43 mg·g~(-1)、中茶108 66.14mg·g~(-1)、名山131 51.17mg·g~(-1)、乌牛早66.15mg·g~(-1)、南郑县紫阳群体种27.92mg·g~(-1)、镇巴县紫阳群体种33.45mg·g~(-1);必需氨基酸共7种,乌牛早中必需氨基酸含量最高,为2.83 mg·g~(-1);中茶108中茶氨酸含量最高,达53.73mg·g-1,占总含量93.6%;比较不同品种茶叶的氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)发现,中茶108、中茶102的SRC值最高,达68.504和62.663,营养价值高且均衡。综合比较,新引进品种的营养价值优于群体种。     

皂荚胶的羧甲基化改性工艺优化

本研究依据石油压裂液的要求,以粘度、水不溶物含量两项指标对皂荚胶的羧甲基化改性进行工艺优化。皂荚胶的羧甲基化改性最优反应条件为:40 g原胶粉碱化时氢氧化钠用量为2.1 g、碱化时间为1.5 h、皂荚胶与氯乙酸钠摩尔比为1∶0.8、在65℃反应6 h时,皂荚胶原料水不溶物含量从26.91%降至2.07%,并且还能保持较高的粘度值640 m Pa.s。     

玉竹全粉的酶解改性及功能品质评价CSCD

采用酶解方法改善玉竹全粉的应用特性和功能品质,通过比较酶解玉竹全粉与真空冷冻干燥、传统炮制及真空微波干燥制备的玉竹全粉品质特性差异,以评估玉竹全粉酶解改性效果。以果胶酶、纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶组成的复合酶对玉竹全粉进行酶解,以物性指标(冲调性和色泽)、化学指标(总多糖和总黄酮含量)为评价指标,通过响应面法考察复合酶用量、时间、温度及pH值对改性玉竹全粉品质指标的影响,并优化工艺参数。采用体外抗氧化能力(Fe^(3+)还原能力、DPPH·清除能力和·OH清除能力)及体外降血糖能力(α-淀粉酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用)等指标综合比较酶解改性对玉竹全粉功能活性的影响。结果通过响应面法优化获得玉竹全粉的最佳酶解工艺条件为:酶用量3%,酶解时间80 min,温度40℃,pH值5.5。酶解改性后玉竹全粉Fe^(3+)还原能力和·OH清除能力增强,α-淀粉酶的抑制能力亦增强,酶解改性提高了玉竹全粉的体外抗氧化和体外降血糖作用。复合酶解改性能有效改善玉竹全粉的应用特性和功能品质,可提升玉竹全粉的保健功能价值。     

我国东南部地区夏季两种雀形目鸟类的代谢产热特征及其体温调节

采用封闭式流体压力呼吸计,分别在5-35℃和5-40℃的环境温度范围内测定了白头鹎(Pycnonotussinensis)和丝光椋鸟(Sturnussericeus)的代谢率、热传导和体温等指标,探讨其代谢产热特征。结果显示:在环境温度(Ta)为5-35℃时,白头鹎的体温基本维持恒定,平均温度为40.3±0.1℃,热中性区为26.6-32.8℃,基础代谢率为73.10±4.11mlO2/h,是体重预期值的79%;Ta在5-26℃范围内,代谢率(MR)与Ta呈负相关,回归方程为:MR[mlO2/h]=265.37-7.24Ta(℃);Ta在5-30℃范围内,热传导值最低且基本保持恒定,平均为0.24±0.01mlO2/g·h·℃,是体重预期值的126%。丝光椋鸟的热中性区为27.6-34.5℃,平均体温为40.5±0.1℃(5-40℃),基础代谢率为160.64±9.20mlO2/h,是体重预期值的90%;最低热传导为0.16±0.05mlO2/g·h·℃,是体重预期值的129%。在5-25℃范围内,MR与Ta的回归方程为:MR[mlO2/h]=377.96-7.88Ta(℃)。白头鹎和丝光椋鸟的基本生物学特征为:较高的体温,热传导和上临界温度,较宽的热中性区和较低的代谢率,符合南方小型鸟类的代谢特征.     

海洋贻贝粘附蛋白类的结构与功能

海洋贻贝粘附蛋白具有高强度、高韧性和防水性,以及极强的黏附基体的功能,这与其特殊的分子结构、多巴(DOPA)介导的链间交联和与底材之间的相互作用方式有关,并且,它还具有很好的生物相容性和可降解性,是一类极具优势和潜力的生物胶黏剂.本文主要就粘附蛋白分子的结构和功能、粘附蛋白的粘附机理以及有关粘附蛋白生物粘剂等问题对其进行综述     

Enhanced Compliant Adhesive Design and Fabrication with Dual-Level Hierarchical Structure

<正> Synthetic dry adhesives inspired by the nano-and micro-scale hairs found on the feet of geckos and some spiders have beendeveloped for almost a decade. Elastomeric single level micro-scale mushroom shaped fibres are currently able to function evenbetter than natural dry adhesives on smooth surfaces under normal loading. However, the adhesion of these single level syntheticdry adhesives on rough surfaces is still not optimal because of the reduced contact surface area. In nature, contact area ismaximized by hierarchically structuring different scales of fibres capable of conforming surface roughness. In this paper, weadapt the nature's solution arid propose a novel dual-level hierarchical adhesive design using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),which is tested under peel loading at different orientations. A negative macro-scale mold is manufactured by using a laser cutterto define holes in a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plate. After casting PDMS macro-scale fibres by using the obtainedPMMA mold, a previously prepared micro-fibre adhesive is bonded to the macro-scale fibre substrate. Once the bondingpolymer is cured, the micro-fibre adhesive is cut to form macro scale mushroom caps. Each macro-fibre of the resulting hierarchicaladhesive is able to conform to loads applied in different directions. The dual-level structure enhances the peel strengthon smooth surfaces compared to a single-level dry adhesive, but also weakens the shear strength of the adhesive for a given areain contact. The adhesive appears to be very performance sensitive to the specific size of the fibre tips, and experiments indicatethat designing hierarchical structures is not as simple as placing multiple scales of fibres on top of one another, but can requiresignificant design optimization to enhance the contact mechanics and adhesion strength.     

厚壳贻贝粘附蛋白十肽重复序列的表达及应用

 利用PCR扩增 Mcfp-1（M. coruscus foot protein-1）基因的12个十肽重复序列粘附功能片段（Mcfp~1 1~12）并连接到pGEX-4T1表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达.纯化的多肽产物经凝血酶处理切除GST标签,获得Mcfp-1 1~12功能肽段,最后用酪氨酸酶对该产物进行修饰.通过材料表面包被、石英晶体微天平（QCM, quartz crystal microbalance）分析、细胞粘附和细胞毒性等实验,研究了该表达产物作为生物粘合剂的粘附特性.结果显示,重组表达产物Mcfp-1 1~12在多种材料表面的包被能力与Cell-TakTM（天然提取的贻贝粘附蛋白混合物）相当,甚至更佳;对细胞的粘附能力与Cell-TakTM相当;用HeLa细胞和293T细胞进行的MTT实验未发现细胞毒性.上述结果表明,Mcfp-1 1~12作为生物医用粘合剂具有潜在应用价值;同时,基因重组技术可以为制备新型海洋贻贝粘附蛋白防水生物粘合剂提供有效的手段.本研究为临床使用更优质的生物医用粘合剂提供了理论依据.     

Inheritance of porcine receptors for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with fimbriae F4ad and their relation to other F4 receptors

Enteric Escherichia coli infections are a highly relevant cause of disease and death in young pigs. Breeding genetically resistant pigs is an economical and sustainable method of prevention. Resistant pigs are protected against colonization of the intestine through the absence of receptors for the bacterial fimbriae, which mediate adhesion to the intestinal surface. The present work aimed at elucidation of the mode of inheritance of the F4ad receptor which according to former investigations appeared quite confusing. Intestines of 489 pigs of an experimental herd were examined by a microscopic adhesion test modified in such a manner that four small intestinal sites instead of one were tested for adhesion of the fimbrial variant F4ad. Segregation analysis revealed that the mixed inheritance model explained our data best. The heritability of the F4ad phenotype was estimated to be 0.7±0.1. There are no relations to the strong receptors for variants F4ab and F4ac. Targeted matings allowed the discrimination between two F4ad receptors, that is, a fully adhesive receptor (F4adR^FA) expressed on all enterocytes and at all small intestinal sites, and a partially adhesive receptor (F4adR^PA) variably expressed at different sites and often leading to partial bacterial adhesion. In pigs with both F4ad receptors, the F4adR^PA receptor is masked by the F4adR^FA. The hypothesis that F4adR^FA must be encoded by at least two complementary or epistatic dominant genes is supported by the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium statistics. The F4adR^PA receptor is inherited as a monogenetic dominant trait. A comparable partially adhesive receptor for variant F4ab (F4abR^PA) was also observed but the limited data did not allow a prediction of the mode of inheritance. Pigs were therefore classified into one of eight receptor phenotypes: A1 (F4abR^FA/F4acR⁺/F4adR^FA); A2 (F4abR^FA/F4acR⁺/F4adR^PA); B (F4abR^FA/F4acR⁺/F4adR⁻); C1 (F4abR^PA/F4acR⁻/F4adR^FA); C2 (F4abR^PA/F4acR⁻/F4adR^PA); D1 (F4abR⁻/F4acR⁻/F4adR^FA); D2 (F4abR⁻/F4acR⁻/F4adR^PA); E (F4abR⁻/F4acR⁻/F4adR⁻).     

Synthetic adhesive oligopeptides with rigid polyhydroxylated amino acids

Synthetic oligopeptides containing polyhydroxylated bicyclic dipeptide (Glc?Tap) are investigated for their adhesion properties. The non‐natural amino acid building block composed of Glc?Tap is derived from glucuronic acid and mimics the hydroxyl‐amino acids of the natural proteins. Peptide oligomers of Glc?Tap flanked by the amino acids Tyr and Lys were synthesized and characterized. Solution structural studies performed by circular dichromism spectroscopy suggests that poly(Lys? Glc?Tap? Tyr) and poly(Glc?Tap? Tyr) adopts extended helical structures. Adhesion of these oligomers to the mica surface is shown by atomic force microscopy spectroscopy. Studies indicate that extended polyproline II polyhydroxylated peptide chains, which bear additional phenolic as well as cationic side chains, can mimic some of the adhesion properties of the natural protein models. Furthermore, obtained data suggest that poly(Glc?Tap? Tyr) and poly(Lys? Glc?Tap? Tyr) as outstanding adhesive compounds, which combine efficient synthetic accessibility with promising adhesive properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 273–281, 2013.     

急诊医疗中医用粘合剂的研究进展

医用粘合剂是能够应用于医疗范畴的一类具有一定生物相容性和高度粘合力的医学材料;并已得到广泛的关注和研究。本文对当前急诊医疗中医用粘合剂的分类、各类粘合剂的作用机理、特点及应用范畴、医用粘合剂复合生物材料构成复合物的基础和应用研究现状等做一回顾及评价,并对未来医用粘合剂的研究和发展趋势进行了展望。     

义齿粘附剂在口腔修复中的应用

随着全球人口老龄化趋势的不断加剧,老年人群口腔疾病的发病率也随之上升。以我国为例,每年因牙列缺损或牙列缺失而接受治疗的患者数量不断增加。无论何种修复体,义齿的固位和稳定一直是口腔医生和患者评价修复体成功与否的最直观的标准。如何提高义齿的固位和稳定是口腔专业工作者长期关注并研究的主题。义齿的固位与稳定可以通过多种方式进行强化。义齿粘附剂(DA)是用来辅助粘膜支持式义齿(包括全口义齿)固位的方法之一。本文通过阐述义齿粘附剂提高义齿固位与稳定的机理,探讨不同类型的义齿粘附剂对口腔环境的影响,对义齿粘附剂在口腔修复学科应用的现状及发展作一综述,以利于DA的使用与推广。     

Geckos significantly alter foot orientation to facilitate adhesion during downhill locomotion

Geckos employ their adhesive system when moving up an incline, but the directionality of the system may limit function on downhill surfaces. Here, we use a generalist gecko to test whether limb modulation occurs on downhill slopes to allow geckos to take advantage of their adhesive system. We examined three-dimensional limb kinematics for geckos moving up and down a 45° slope. Remarkably, the hind limbs were rotated posteriorly on declines, resulting in digit III of the pes facing a more posterior direction (opposite to the direction of travel). No significant changes in limb orientation were found in any other condition. This pes rotation leads to a dramatic shift in foot function that facilitates the use of the adhesive system as a brake/stabilizer during downhill locomotion and, although this rotation is not unique to geckos, it is significant for the deployment of adhesion. Adhesion is not just advantageous for uphill locomotion but can be employed to help deal with the effects of gravity during downhill locomotion, highlighting the incredible multi-functionality of this key innovation.