可溶性HLA-A*0203-BSP原核表达载体的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

目的：构建HLA-A*0203重链胞外域羧基端融合生物素化酶BirA底物肽(BSP)的融合蛋白（HLA-A*0203-BSP）的原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中进行表达。方法：以RT-PCR方法从HLA-A2+ 供者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中克隆HLA-A*0203重链基因的cDNA并测序鉴定,然后以PCR方法构建HLA-A*0203-BSP的原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中诱导表达并以免疫印迹鉴定。结果：DNA测序显示,从3名HLA-A2+ 供者PBMC中克隆的cDNA中,只有从供者2获得编码HLA-A*0203重链基因的cDNA。将编码重链胞外域1-276的序列和编码BSP的序列融合,构建HLA-A*0203-BSP融合蛋白的原核表达载体并经测序验证。该融合蛋白在BL21(ED3)中获得高效表达,约占菌体总蛋白的30％;产物相对分子质量约为34 kD,与理论大小一致。Western印迹分析显示融合蛋白完全存在于包涵体中。结论：成功克隆HLA-A*0203重链基因的cDNA,构建HLA-A*0203-BSP融合蛋白的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,为制备HLA-A*0203四聚体打下基础。     

赭纤虫RNA聚合酶Ⅱ锌指基因片段的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

以一种进化较为原始的单细胞真核生物日本赭纤虫(Blepharisma japonicum)大核基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增 得到了RNA聚合酶锌指基因片段,并构建重组表达质粒pGEX-6p1-ZFbl,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达,SDS- PAGE和Western blot分析证明目的蛋白得到了可溶性融合表达。用纯化的蛋白免疫新西兰兔,制备多克隆抗体。 Western印迹和ELISA鉴定结果表明抗体特异性较高,效价高达1:15000。     

无标签人源性脂联素球状结构的表达、纯化与活性检测

目的:利用基工程方法构建无标签人性脂联素球状结构(gAd)基的核表达载体,并对重组蛋白进行诱导表达、纯化及鉴定.方法:从正常人脂肪组织里提取总 RNA,反转录合成 cDNA,经 PCR 扩增、酶切后连入pET-22b(+)载体构建重组质粒 pET-22b(+)-gAd,转化大肠杆菌 BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经低温、低浓度 IPTG 诱导使其可溶性表达,采用硫酸铵沉淀、凝胶过滤层析和离子交换层析三步分离纯化,得到不带任何标签的人性gAd;运用 SDS-PAGE、Western 印迹、HPLC 对重组蛋白进行鉴定,通过对 AMP 激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化水平检测纯化蛋白的生物学活性.结果:构建了核表达载体 pET-22b(+)-gAd,实现了人性 gAd 在核细胞中的可溶性表达,纯化的蛋白经 SDS-PAGE 和 Western 印迹分析证实为 gAd,HPLC 分析蛋白纯度达到95%以上;通过对 AMPK磷酸化水平的检测,证明纯化的 gAd 具有高生物学活性.结论:重组表达和纯化了无标签、高生物学活性的人性脂联素球状结构,为其进一步的理论研究、生产开发奠定了基础.     

结核分枝杆菌HspX蛋白的原核高效可溶性表达及产物抗原性分析

目的:利用原核系统可溶性表达结核分枝杆菌HspX蛋白并进行纯化,通过免疫印迹反应初步鉴定重组蛋白的抗原性和特异性。方法:采用PCR方法,从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组中扩增HspX核酸序列,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a中,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导、表达和纯化,用Western印迹初步评价HspX的抗原性。结果:经IPTG诱导,HspX蛋白在原核系统内获得了可溶性表达,经镍柱亲和层析获得了纯度达95%以上的重组蛋白。Western印迹结果证明重组HspX蛋白与结核病患者血清标本呈强阳性反应,与健康人血清标本呈阴性反应。结论:重组蛋白HspX在大肠杆菌中以可溶性形式表达,高纯度的重组融合蛋白有可能成为结核病的血清学诊断抗原。     

铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白OprⅠ原核表达载体的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的:构建并鉴定铜绿假单胞菌(Pa)外膜蛋白OprⅠ重组质粒p GEX-OprⅠ,研究该重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的表达。方法:PCR扩增OprⅠ抗原编码基因并将其定向克隆至原核表达载体p GEX-1λT,构建重组质粒p GEX-OprⅠ;将p GEX-OprⅠ电穿孔转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析并鉴定表达产物。结果:扩增出194 bp的OprⅠ抗原编码基因;双酶切和PCR鉴定证实OprⅠ基因克隆入p GEX-1λT,并且p GEX-OprⅠ成功转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);SDS-PAGE显示重组大肠杆菌BL21(p GEX-OprⅠ)的表达产物为相对分子质量约32 000的GST-OprⅠ融合蛋白,其表达量约占菌体总蛋白的20%;Western印迹证实该融合蛋白能被Pa感染的鼠血清特异性识别。结论:构建了重组质粒p GEX-OprⅠ,其在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达具有抗原性的融合蛋白。     

水牛睾丸特异LDHC基因的原核表达及生物学活性研究

目的:克隆水牛睾丸特异Ldhc基因全长在大肠杆菌中原核表达,研究其生物学活性.方法:以水牛睾丸组织为材料提取总RNA,RT-PCR扩增Ldhc cDNA,PCR获得水牛全长Ldhc基因;连接pET-32b构建表达质粒pET-32b-Ldhc;转化BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌,IPTG诱导表达并利用SDS-PAGE分析.体外Ni离子柱纯化目的蛋白,Western印迹鉴定其抗体结合活性,同工酶谱鉴定其生物学活性.结果:成功制备了表达质粒pET-32b-Ldhc;IPTG诱导得到56KDa目的蛋白;Ni柱纯化获得纯度90%以上的蛋白;Western印迹显示目的蛋白具有特异的抗体结合活性;同工酶活性染色证明其具有乳酸脱氢酶活性.结论:试验成功制备了水牛睾丸LDH-CA蛋白,并初步验证了其生物学活性,为我们进一步探讨LDH-G4的功能及免疫节育疫苗的制备等奠定了基础.     

人PD1胞外须基因的克隆、蛋白表达及抗体制备

目的：研究人PD1的生物学活性,制备人PD1胞外段区域及其特异性抗体。方法：用PCR方法扩增编码人PD1胞外段的基因序列（hPD1ecr）,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET28a（＋）中,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达,表达蛋白用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定。纯化目的蛋白免疫日本大耳白兔,制备多克隆抗体。通过酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）,流式细胞术检测抗体滴度及其特异性。结果：原核表达载体pET28a（＋）-PD1ecr成功构建,并可在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达,得到的PD1胞外区蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定正确。用纯化蛋白免疫日本大耳白兔,制备的多克隆抗体具有较强免疫特异性。结论：得到纯化的人PD1胞外蛋白,制备的多克隆抗体能够检测自然状态下人PD1蛋白,为进一步研究PD1功能奠定了实验基础。     

凋亡抑制因子Survivin在大肠杆菌TB1中的表达纯化及鉴定

 本文旨在克隆凋亡抑制因子Survivin基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行可溶性表达与初步纯化. 采用RT-PCR法,扩增人凋亡抑制因子survivin cDNA,并克隆入原核表达载体pMAL p2X中,转化TB1大肠杆菌感受态细胞.经0.3 mmol/L IPTG诱导2 h后,收集菌体蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE、ELISA及Western 印迹鉴定. 实验获得凋亡抑制因子survivin编码区cDNA,以构建的原核表达载体pMAL-p2X survivin转化菌株后,可表达凋亡抑制因子survivin和麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)的融合蛋白,相对分子质量(Mr) 为58 000.并成功利用Factor Xa将融合蛋白裂解开.ELISA和Western 印迹表明,融合蛋白能与抗凋亡抑制因子survivin单克隆抗体特异性结合.获得的凋亡抑制因子survivin全长cDNA可在大肠杆菌TB1中以MBP survivin融合蛋白的形式表达,成功地将survivin目的蛋白和MBP蛋白分离,为深入研究survivin的结构和功能奠定了基础.     

结核分枝杆菌16-kDa α晶体蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的:利用基因工程技术原核表达并纯化结核分枝杆菌α晶体蛋白(Acr)。方法:以结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增Acr的编码基因,以pCold为载体构建重组质粒,再转化到表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,用IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析和纯化该表达产物。结果:构建了具有正确基因序列的Acr重组表达质粒,重组Acr在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经低温诱导得到可溶性表达;分别用6×His的单克隆抗体和16-kDa单克隆抗体对表达产物进行Western印迹分析,结果显示在相对分子质量约19 000处均有特异性条带,与预计大小吻合;纯化后蛋白纯度达90%,浓度达0.8 mg/mL。结论:表达了重组可溶性Acr,为深入研究该蛋白的生物学、免疫学活性奠定了基础。     

可溶性泛素样特异性蛋白酶1的表达及活性鉴定

目的:高效可溶性表达泛素样特异性蛋白酶1(ULP1)。方法:根据大肠杆菌密码子的偏好性优化合成编码ULP1的基因片段序列,将其克隆到原核表达载体p GEX-6P-1中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),用0.5 mmol/L IPTG于37℃诱导表达8 h,观察重组蛋白ULP1的表达情况;优化诱导时间及IPTG浓度,并鉴定重组蛋白ULP1的生物学活性。结果:重组蛋白ULP1表达的最佳条件为37℃、0.1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导表达5 h,目的蛋白以可溶性表达为主;Western印迹结果表明,重组蛋白ULP1能够被His单克隆抗体识别,重组蛋白ULP1能够特异性酶切SUMO-GFP。结论:表达了具有生物学活性的SUMO蛋白酶ULP1。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.