Two-step exposure of biological objects to infrared laser and microwave radiation]

The effect of two-step exposure of bacterial objects to infrared laser and microwave pulse radiations was studied. The effect is determined by the time interval between two excitation steps and pulse duration. It was shown that the biologically active dose of microwave radiation is much lower than that of infrared laser radiation; however, laser radiation induces a stronger cellular response. It was found that microwaves enhance the efficiency of infrared laser radiation.     

A unique combination of infrared and microwave radiation accelerates wound healing

Light or electromagnetic radiation has been reported to enhance wound healing. The use of selected spectra, including infrared and microwave, has been described; however, no studies to date have examined the potential benefit of combining these spectra. In this study, a device that emits electromagnetic radiation across both the infrared and microwave ranges was used. To test the effects of this unique electromagnetic radiation spectrum on wound healing, two clinically relevant wound-healing models (i.e., tensile strength of simple incisions and survival of McFarlane flaps) were selected. After the creation of a simple full-thickness incision (n = 35 rats) or a caudally based McFarlane flap (n = 33 rats), animals were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: untreated control, infrared, or combined electromagnetic radiation. Treatment was administered for 30 minutes, twice daily for 18 days in animals with simple incisions, and 15 days in animals with McFarlane flaps. The wound area or flap was harvested and analyzed, blinded to the treatment regimens. A p value of less than 0.05 obtained by analysis of variance was considered to be statistically significant. Animals receiving combined electromagnetic radiation demonstrated increased tensile strength (2.62 N/mm2) compared with animals receiving infrared radiation (2.36 N/mm2) or untreated controls (1.73 N/mm2, p < 0.001). Animals with McFarlane flaps receiving combined electromagnetic radiation had increased flap survival (78.0 percent) compared with animals receiving infrared radiation (69.7 percent) and untreated controls (63.1 percent, p < 0.01). Thus, combined electromagnetic radiation provided a distinct advantage in wound healing that might augment current treatment regimens.     

热带季节雨林林窗辐射特征研究

利用不同季节热带季节雨林林窗、林内及旷地不同波长太阳辐射的实测资料,探讨了热带季节雨林林窗不同波长辐射特征。结果表明,热带季节雨林林窗中央和北侧林冠下的不同波长太阳辐射存在“突跃现象”,中午前后各辐射量值迅速达到最大后又急速下降;林窗内不同波长太阳辐射日总量值均大于林内,却小于旷地;林窗中央和北侧林冠下比较可见,在干热季、雨季和雨季后期,林窗中央的各辐射要素总量值高于北侧林冠下,但雾凉季时受浓雾和太阳高度以及方位的影响,各辐射要素总量值较北侧林冠下低;林窗中央的总辐射日总量在雨季太阳高度角最大时最高,雨季后期和干热季其次,雾凉季时最小;林窗中央和北侧林冠下的红外辐射及可见光在总辐射中所占份额随季节的变化而不同,充分显示了林窗辐射环境的异质性;与旷地和林内相比,林窗内各测点的红外辐射在总辐射中所占份额介于旷地和林内之间．高于旷地却低于林内;而可见光占总辐射的比值情况正好相反．另外,林窗可见光分配率的季节变化都大于红外辐射;热带季节雨林林窗育增加红外辐射、减少可见光的特征．     

红外成像技术在生命科学中的应用

红外成像技术是利用物体自身各部分对红外热辐射的差异把红外辐射图像转换为可视图像的技术.对红外成像技术历史进行了简单介绍,对远红外成像技术在生命科学包括医学、植物、动物及农业中的应用进行了综述,并对红外成像技术在生命科学中的应用作了展望.     

The Regulatory Effect of Low-Intensity Radiation in the Near-Infrared Region on the Early Development of Zebrafish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis>)

The effects of exposure to low-intensity continuous radiation in the red and near-infrared regions of the spectrum, as well as to infrared pulsed radiation, on the early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were studied. It was found that the use of continuous radiation at the red and infrared wavelengths (633 nm, 930 nm, dose 24 mJ/m²) leads to accelerated development of the embryo. In contrast, exposure to low-intensity single pulsed infrared radiation (864 nm) in the entire range of the doses studied (2.4–2400 mJ/cm2) negatively affected the early development of zebrafish, resulting in a significant dose-dependent delay in the hatching time of embryos and a reduction in the body length of larvae.     

The effects of near infrared radiation on rats assessed by succinate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes in blood smears

The biological effects of near infrared radiation (850 nm) modulated by an acoustic frequency of 101 Hz were studied. The study was conducted on rats; the effect was registered by succinate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes in blood smears after the administration of an activating dose of adrenaline, which simulates the state of the organism at early stages of a pathogenic action (stress). A pronounced regulating effect of infrared radiation on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in animals that were activated by adrenaline was shown. Infrared radiation has a normalizing effect via the reduction of the degree of inhibition or activation of the enzyme induced by adrenaline and has no effect on the control animals. Thus, by modulation of the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, infrared radiation regulates energy production in mitochondria that is provided by the most potent oxidation substrate, viz., succinic acid; the effect is especially pronounced under stress.     

Biophysical basis of medical thermovision

Characteristics of the thermal relief of the human body are reviewed. It is shown that the usage of thermovision in medical diagnostics requires the simultaneous and compatible consideration in the research process of three components: the contribution of the object itself, the influence of the medium through which the infrared radiation passes and the instrumental parameters of the infrared imager registering this radiation.     

Infrared analysis of contour feathers: The conservation of body heat radiation in birds

1. We examined infrared absorption spectra in contour feathers of 10 species of birds to compare infrared features of the downy and pennaceous regions with the mechanisms of conservation of body heat radiation.     

Molecular convergence of infrared vision in snakes

It has been discovered that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) proteins of Boidae (boas), Pythonidae (pythons), and Crotalinae (pit vipers) are used to detect infrared radiation, but the molecular mechanism for detecting the infrared radiation is unknown. Here, relating the amino acid substitutions in their TRPA1 proteins and the functional differentiations, we propose that three parallel amino acid changes (L330M, Q391H, and S434T) are responsible for the development of infrared vision in the three groups of snakes. Protein modeling shows that the three amino acid changes alter the structures of the central region of their ankyrin repeats.     

The Synchrotron Infrared Activities at BESSY

The new multipurpose infrared (IR) beamlineat the electron storage ring BESSY IIprovides highly brilliant infrared radiation forstructural and time resolved studies in thebiological and material science. With this facility newresearch possibilities at BESSY are madeavailable to the scientific community.     

Generation of reactive oxygen species in water under exposure of visible or infrared irradiation at absorption band of molecular oxygen

It is found that in bidistilled water saturated with oxygen hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals are formed under the influence of visible and infrared radiation in the absorption bands of molecular oxygen. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs under the influence of both solar and artificial light sourses, including the coherent laser irradiation. The oxygen effect, i.e. the impact of dissolved oxygen concentration on production of hydrogen peroxide induced by light, is detected. It is shown that the visible and infrared radiation in the absorption bands of molecular oxygen leads to the formation of 8-oxoguanine in DNA in vitro. Physicochemical mechanisms of ROS formation in water when exposed to visible and infrared light are studied, and the involvement of singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals in this process is shown.     

Generation of reactive oxygen species in water under exposure to visible or infrared irradiation at absorption bands of molecular oxygen

It is found that in bidistilled water saturated with oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals are formed under the influence of visible and infrared radiation in the absorption bands of molecular oxygen. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs under the influence of both solar and artificial light sources, including the coherent laser irradiation. The oxygen effect, i.e. the impact of dissolved oxygen concentration on production of hydrogen peroxide induced by light, is detected. It is shown that the visible and infrared radiation in the absorption bands of molecular oxygen leads to the formation of 8-oxoguanine in DNA in vitro. Physicochemical mechanisms of ROS formation in water when exposed to visible and infrared light are studied, and the involvement of singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals in this process is shown.     

前列腺癌根治性切除术后会阴部红外线照射提高患者控尿的 前瞻性的研究

目的:探讨对于前列腺癌根治术的患者,术后采用红外线会阴部照射,提高患者拔管后控尿的效果。方法:对76例前列腺癌根治术后患者,随机分为两组,实验组术后第一天起采用会阴部红外线照射治疗,连续10天,空白对照组不做任何处理,然后评估患者拔除尿管后控尿情况。结果:随访一年后发现,实验组中,37(97%)例的患者能够控制排尿,而对照组31(82%)例患者能够控制排尿(P=0.01)。实验组中可以控制排尿的患者,在拔除尿管以后,平均25±39天后可以控制排尿;而对照组中的患者则需要75±103天才能控制排尿(P<0.001)。接受红外线照射的患者尿控情况明显好于未接受治疗患者。结论:盆底红外线照射是前列腺癌根治术后提高患者尿控能力的有效的治疗方式。     

Thermal ablation therapeutics based on CN(x) multi-walled nanotubes

We demonstrate that nitrogen doped, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CN(x)-MWNT) result in photo-ablative destruction of kidney cancer cells when excited by near infrared (NIR) irradiation. Further, we show that effective heat transduction and cellular cytotoxicity depends on nanotube length: effective NIR coupling occurs at nanotube lengths that exceed half the wavelength of the stimulating radiation, as predicted in classical antenna theory. We also demonstrate that this radiation heats the nanotubes through induction processes, resulting in significant heat transfer to surrounding media and cell killing at extraordinarily small radiation doses. This cell death was attributed directly to photothermal effect generated within the culture, since neither the infrared irradiation itself nor the CN(x)-MWNT were toxic to the cells.     

Infrared method of studying the action of vasoactive substances on cerebral circulation

A method for the investigation of cerebral blood flow changes under the influence of vasoactive drugs has been suggested. The method is based on continuous infrared radiation and registration of the reflection from the local brain region through the cerebral cranium. The experiments were conducted on anesthetized cats. The dependence of Pa CO2 on the recorded parameters is shown. The changes in the cerebral blood flow (in conventional units) determined by the alterations of the infrared radiation reflection are shown upon the injection of 1.2 microgram/kg, 2.5 micrograms/kg and 5 micrograms/kg of noradrenaline.     

A study of the functional activity of macrophages of peritoneal exudate of mice exposed to low-intensity laser radiation in vitro and in vivo

The effect of low-intensity laser radiation generated by semiconductor devices in the red (650 nm) and infrared (850 nm) regions of the spectrum in vitro and in vivo on the phagocytic activity and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines by peritoneal macrophages during the phagocytosis of bacterial cells has been studied. A culture of the clinical strain of the enteropathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli was used as an object. The radiation dose was varied by changing the power and duration of exposure. The results obtained indicate that infrared low-intensity laser radiation has a stimulating effect on the phagocytic activity of macrophages. It was shown that the effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the activity of the phagocytic process, the enhancement of the adhesion of bacteria by macrophages, killing of bacteria, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines is dose-dependent. The exposure to the rays of the red region of the spectrum on phagocytizing macrophages induced a decrease in their activity; as the dose was increased, the destruction of cells was registered.     

Quantitative Infrared Photoanalysis of Selected Bacteria

A technique to measure transmitted infrared radiation from minute biological systems is described. Infrared color film was exposed by radiation transmitted through bacterial colonies. The resultant photographic image was unique for each species of bacteria examined and spectral analysis of the image provided differential light emission patterns which could be quantitated. A formula for developing numerical comparisons among bacterial colonies was provided. The results of this numerical procedure gave quantitative relationships for the total infrared data from each microbial colony and made possible the differential identification of ten species of medically significant bacteria.     

The significance of leaf pubescence for the absorption of global radiation by Tussilago farfara L.

Summary The spectral properties of juvenile and adult leaves of Tussilago farfara L. were measured for the wave range from 400 to 1350 nm. The significance of leaf pubescence for the absorption of global radiation was determined. The absorption is lowered by epidermal harrs only for the visible part of the spectrum (400–1350 nm). Absorptivities of the infrared do not vary whether hairs are present or not. The spectral properties of the upper and the lower surfaces without hairs are not equal. The hairs on the lower surface increase the amount of infrared radiation that is reflected by the upper surface. As shown by calculations of the absorbed radiation, pubescence has little influence on energy input. If leaves are put in an inverse position, the absorption of the global radiation energy is lowered by 15% compared with the same leaf in the regular position.     

Mechanism of Infrared Detection and Transduction by Beetle Melanophila Acuminata In memory of Jerry Wolken

The Melanophila acuminata beetle is attracted to forest fires via a pair of infrared sensory organs composed of sensilla. Our histological work showed that each sensillum contains lipid layers surrounding a protein layer and a unique polysaccharide base that is associated with a neuron to each sensillum. Infrared microscopy showed that the protein region maximally absorbs infrared radiation at 3 μm wavelength and at 10 μm, which corresponds to the known radiation produced by forest fires at 3 μm.Mathematical calculations showed that the physical properties of the sensilla are such that the expected temperature rise is insufficient for transduction of the infrared signal through mechanical means or as a thermal receptor as previously thought;hence the protein plays the pivotal role in perception of single photons and transmission of the signal within the sensilla.     

Effects of water-filtered infrared A irradiation on human fibroblasts

Infrared radiation is a substantial part of the solar energy output reaching the earth surface. Therefore, exposure of humans to infrared radiation is common. However, whether and how infrared (IR) or infrared A acts on human skin cells is still under debate. Recently the generation of reactive oxygen species by water-filtered infrared A (wIRA) irradiation was postulated. wIRA shows a spectral distribution similar to that of solar irradiation at the earth's surface. Thus, the need for protection of human skin from both solar- and artificially generated infrared A irradiation was concluded. Here we demonstrate that in human dermal fibroblasts this reactive oxygen species generation is dependent on heat formation by infrared A and can be reproduced by thermal exposure. On the other hand wIRA irradiation had no detectable effect if the temperature in the cells was kept constant, even if irradiance exceeded the extraterrestrial solar irradiance in the IR range by a factor of about 4 and the maximum at noontime in the tropics by a factor up to about 6. This could be demonstrated by the measurement of oxidant formation using H₂DCFDA and the determination of protein carbonyls. In additional experiments we could show that during thermal exposure the mitochondria contribute significantly to oxidant production. Further experiments revealed that the major absorbance of infrared is due to absorption of the energy by cellular water.