鸟类核型研究:Ⅲ.莺亚科和weng亚科14种

本文报道了莺亚科10种和weng亚科4种的核型，并对已报道过的这二亚科18种鸟类的核型进行了比较研究。这两个亚科通常依据表型差异被划分在一个科——weng科中。Sibley（1988）等则依据DNA差异（通过DNA-DNA分子杂交测定）将它们划在不同的三个科（weng科、莺科和戴菊科）中。核型比较的结果支持了Sibley对这两亚科鸟类的重新划分。     

鸟类核型研究 Ⅲ.莺亚科和鹟亚科14种

本文报道了莺亚科10种和鹟亚科4种的核型,并对已报道过的这二亚科18种鸟类的核型进行了比较研究。这两个亚科通常依据表型差异被划分在一个科——鹟科中。Siblcy(1988)等则依据DNA差异(通过DNA—DNA分子杂交测定)将它们划在不问的三个科(鹟科、莺科和戴菊科)中。核型比较的结果支持了Sibley对这两亚科鸟类的重新划分。     

鸟类核型研究Ⅳ.heng形目10种

本文报道了heng形目鸟类2科10种的核型。并和已报道过的heng形目6科21种的核型进行了比较研究。我们发现heng形目鸟类中存在两种截然不同的核型，推断它们可能有不同的进化起源。这与Sibley等人(1987)通过对DNA-DNA杂交数据的分析得出的结果相似。     

鸟类核型研究Ⅳ.鸻形目(CHARADRIIFORMES,AVES)10种

本文报道了鸻形目鸟类2科10种的核型。并和已报道过的鸻形目6种21种的核型进行了比较研究。我们发现鸻形目鸟类中存在两种截然不同的核型,推断它们可能有不同的进化起源。这与Sibley等人(1987)通过对DNA—DNA杂交数据的分析得出的结果相似。     

鹳形目和鹤形目8种鸟类的核型研究

本文报道了鹳形目鹭科的黄嘴白鹭,紫背苇鸦、黄斑苇鳽和绿鹭4种,鹤形目秧鸡科的黑水鸡,斑胁田鸡和小田鸡3种及三趾鹑科的黄脚三趾鹑的核型。鹭科2种染色体数目为2n=66,另2种为2n=62,秧鸡科3种染色体数目均为2n=78。黄脚三趾鹑的染色体数目为2n=88。     

鸟类核型研究 Ⅰ.雀科11种

本文报道了雀形目雀科(Fringillidae)11种鸟类核型。并将其他作者报道的该科其他种类的核型汇总做了配对分析比较。臂间倒位和小染色体相互融合在该科核型进化中起了重要作用。     

鸟类核型研究Ⅶ.雉科10种鸟类

本文报道了雉科10种鸟的核型,并依据核型的DNA比较数据提出了对雉科中亚科分类的新观点。     

鸟类核型研究Ⅱ.雀形目12科19种

本文首次报道了雀形目12科19种鸟类核型。其中岩鹨科、攀雀科、绣眼鸟科为世界上首次报道核型的科。通过比较我们发现臂间倒位及小染色体的融合在核型进化中起了重要作用,同时对雀形目鸟类核型起源作了初步的探讨。     

新疆四种荒漠跳鼠肠道菌群多样性与功能的比较

肠道菌群是维持机体健康的重要组成部分,了解动物肠道菌群多样性有助于认识和理解动物的生态学适应。已有报道表明荒漠沙鼠肠道微生物有助于其对荒漠环境的适应,但对于广泛分布于荒漠环境的跳鼠的肠道微生物群落结构、多样性的研究尚不明确。本研究以栖息于新疆荒漠地区的跳鼠科(Dipodidae)为对象,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对荒漠跳鼠4个亚科的代表物种三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)、五趾跳鼠(Orientallactage sibirica)、长耳跳鼠(Euchoreutes naso)和三趾心颅跳鼠(Salpingotus kozlovi)的肠道微生物进行分析。共获得1557065条有效序列,发现2708个ASV,归属于20个门、50个纲、71个目、142个科和336个属。Alpha多样性指数中,长耳跳鼠和三趾心颅跳鼠组的ACE指数和Chao1指数显著低于其他两组,而Shannon指数和Simpson指数在4组样品中无显著差异。主坐标分析(PCoA)结果表明,4种跳鼠的肠道菌群结构具有显著差异。LEfSe分析表明,4种跳鼠肠道菌群共有10个显著差异的细菌菌属,其中大部分归属拟杆菌...     

陕西子洲中侏罗世早期恐龙足迹初步研究（英文）

陕西子洲县中侏罗统延安组砂岩中,同一地点共厚约1.7 m的5个层面发现4种食肉类恐龙足迹,自上而下分别为:1)第5层面大型三趾型足迹,实雷龙足迹科王氏子洲足迹(新遗迹属、新遗迹种)Zizhoupus wangi ichnogen.et ichnosp.nov.;2)第4和第3层面中型三趾型足迹,实雷龙足迹科龙尾峁张北足迹(新遗迹种)Changpeipus longweimaoensis inchnosp.nov.;3)第2层面小型三趾或四趾型足迹,虚骨龙类小理河陕西足迹(新遗迹种)Shensipus xiaoliheensis inchnosp.nov.;4)第1层面小型三趾型足迹,虚骨龙类的铜川陕西足迹Shensipus tungchuanensis。     

鸟类核型研究——Ⅻ.非雀形目10科5种鸟类

本文报道了非雀形目鸟类10科15种的核型,并对鸟类中某些核型分类与传统形态学分类不一致之处作了初步的分析。     

鸟类核型研究XⅣ.鸻形目14种

本文报道了(行鸟)形目14种鸟的核型,并发现该目种类间染色体数目变异很大,由石(行鸟)的2n=40至沙锥的2n=98不等。这种变异是由原始的2n=80核型通过两种方式形成的:在(行鸟)小目中,小染色体相互融合而造成染色体数目的减少;在鹬小目中,大染色体的着丝点分离而造成染色体数目的增加。     

4. NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF THE VAN RYNEVELD'S PASS IRRIGATION LAKE,GRAAFF-REINET

McLachlan, A., Woodridge, T., Schramm, M. &; Kühn, M. 1980. Seasonal abundance, biomass and feeding of shore birds on sandy beaches in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Ostrich 51:44-52.

The numbers of birds on three Eastern Cape sandy beaches were monitored monthly over one year during 1977/78. Dominant among 17 species were the Southern Blackbacked Gull Larus dominicanus, Black Oystercatcher Haematopus moquini, Whitefronted Sandplover Charadrius marginatus and Sanderling Calidris alba. These four species made up 95% of bird numbers and their respective biomass values were 78 652, 7 695, 578 and 3 116 kJ/km shoreline. Total food consumption for these species, calculated on the basis of estimated standard metabolic rates, was 4 159 394, 521 149, 76 768 and 363 053 kJ/km respectively. Food composition and feeding behaviour are also discussed and the total quantity of intertidal macrobenthic animals consumed by birds estimated.     

中國鳥類地理分布的研究

我國鳥類迄今所知(詳見鄙著,1947a),計有1,087(14?)種,分隸於388(2?)屬,82科,20目。筆者於1945-46年,承聘赴美,得有機緣,遍研紐約自然博物館、哈佛大學及美京國立博物館所藏的吾國鳥類採集,而特留意所檢的各種禽鳥標本在吾國境内的採期舆產地,冀得劃出其分布的區域。此外復益以從前學者在吾國境内採集觀察的所得(參閱鄙著,1947b),互引徵證;現就研究所及,将吾國鳥類的各屬在我國境内的分布情形,彙列為表一(附在文後)。茲将表一中各地區所錄得的屬數,依序臚列如次:     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ABUNDANCE PATTERNS OF WATERBIRDS IN THE SOUTHERN CAPE PROVINCE. PART 3: WADING BIRDS

Boshoff, A.F., Palmer, N.G. & Piper, S.E. 1991. Spatial and temporal abundance patterns of water-birds in the southern Cape Province. Part 3: Wading birds. Ostrich 62:197-214.

Wading birds (herons, egrets, spoonbills, flamingoes and waders) were counted, and water-level and water transparency measured, on a monthly basis from 1980 to 1983 or 1984, at the six waterbodies comprising the Wilderness-Sedgefield Lakes Complex, southern Cape Province. The fluctuating status of the submerged aquatic macrophytes, and the trophic status of the waterbodies, was documented. The counts reflect the monthly status of the birds, and allow the calculation of densities (birds/ha). Linear and logarithmic models aided the interpretation of the count data. Spatial and temporal patterns and trends are described, and discussed in relation to changes in water-level, water transparency and aquatic macrophyte biomass regimes in the study area. Water-level was an important environmental parameter and was generally negatively correlated with abundance.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenomys lami</Emphasis>: The highest chromosome variability in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenomys</Emphasis> (Rodentia,Ctenomyidae) due to a centric fusion/fission and pericentric inversion system

Ctenomys lami Freitas, 2001 is an endemic species of rodent inhabiting the Coastal Plain of southern Brazil, along a narrow line of old dunes formed in the Pleistocene. This species has five different diploid numbers (2n=54, 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b, 57 and 58) and ten different autosomal fundamental numbers (FNa=74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, and 84). In a sample of 102 specimens, the combined 2n and FNa formed 26 different karyotypes. The diploid number variation was due to Robertsonian rearrangements that occur in pairs 1 and 2, and the variation of NFas was due to pericentric inversions. The distribution of diploid number variation along the 78 km line of collection sites reveals four population blocks: block A with 2n=54, 55a, and 56a; block B with 2n=57 and 58; block C with 2n=54 and 55a; and block D with 2n=56b and 55b. The inversion system lacks geographic structure with a random distribution of inversions along the population blocks. A very narrow hybrid zone is hypothesized between blocks A and B. Blocks B and C are separated by a geographic barrier, and another hybrid zone is found between blocks C and D. My findings suggest that this species is undergoing a process of speciation due to geographic isolation.