Genetic structure of the IncN plasmid N3

N3, a plasmid of incompatibility group N (IncN) was mapped by cleavage with restriction endonucleases. The restriction fragments were cloned into vector plasmids. All of the genes unique to IncN plasmids such as specific replication machinery, a restriction-modification system, and repair functions were located on a large portion which had no cleavage sites for many of the site-specific six base-identifying restriction endonucleases tested.     

Restriction map of pesticinogenicity plasmid pYP1 of Yersinia pestis

The restriction map of Yersinia pestis pesticinogenicity plasmid pYP1 has been constructed with the use of 18 restriction endonucleases. Plasmid dimensions (6.3 Md) have been specified, the genes for pesticin synthesis, for pesticin immunity protein, fibrinolysin and plasmocoagulase have been localized by molecular cloning of single plasmid DNA fragments in vector plasmid pBR322.     

Construction and expression of a hybrid plasmid containing the Escherichia coli thrA and thrB genes.

Summary In vitro recombination techniques were used to clone the Escherichia coli thrA and thrB structural genes in the plasmid vector pBR322. The chimeric plasmid was analyzed and characterized genetically, by restriction mapping and DNA sequencing. The limited expression of the threonine biosynthetic enzymes in the strain carrying the recombinant plasmid is discussed.     

Molecular cloning and physical mapping of the nitrogenase structural genes from the filamentous, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. PCC7409

Abstract Sequences homologous to the structural genes for dinitrogenase ( nifD and nifK ) and nitrogenase reductase ( nifH ) have been cloned from the filamentous, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena PCC7409. The nifHDK ⁻ homologous sequences were shown to reside on a 6.5-kb Eco RI restriction fragment by using a restriction fragment encoding the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifHDK genes as a heterologous hybridization probe. This 6.5-kb restriction fragment was cloned from a λ gt.wes Eco RI library of the Paseudanabaena sp. PCC7409 genome. This fragment was subcloned into the plasmid vector pUC9 to generate plasmid pPSU20. A detailed physical map of the insert in plasmid pPSU20 was determined, and relative positions of the nifH, nifD , and nifK homologous sequences on this fragment were determined by hybridization analysis with gene-specific fragments derived from the corresponding Anabaena sp. PCC7120 genes. The results indicate that these genes are contiguous in Pseudanabaena sp. PCC 7409 and are arranged in the order nifH, nifD , and nifK . This arrangement resembles that observed for other non-heterocystous cyanobacteria but differs from that observed for Anabaena, Calothrix , and Nostoc species.     

双基因真核表达载体pIRES-BMP2-TGFβ3 的构建与鉴定

目的:构建与鉴定骨形态发生蛋白BMP2和转化生长因子TGFβ3双基因真核表达载体pIRES-BMP2-TGFβ3。方法:首先,用PCR方法从质粒pGEMT/BMP2中扩增出BMP2基因全长,并将其连入双基因真核表达载体pIRES,得到质粒pIRES-BMP2,其次,从人胚胎组织提取总RNA,反转录成cDNA,以反转录的cDNA为模板,PCR扩增出TGFβ3基因全长,将TGFβ3基因连入质粒pIRES-BMP2;用酶切的方法筛选出阳性重组质粒,并进行测序鉴定。结果:酶切鉴定证明已将BMP2和TGFβ3两个基因连入载体中,测序结果完全正确。结论:成功构建PIRES-BMP2/TGFβ3双基因真核表达载体。     

双基因真核表达载体pIRES-BMP2-TGFβ3的构建与鉴定

目的：构建与鉴定骨形态发生蛋白BMP2和转化生长因子TGFβ3双基因真核表达载体pIRES-BMP2-TGFβ3。方法：首先,用PCR方法从质粒pGEMT/BMP2中扩增出BMP2基因全长,并将其连入双基因真核表达载体pIRES,得到质粒pIRES-BMP2,其次,从人胚胎组织提取总RNA,反转录成cDNA,以反转录的cDNA为模板,PCR扩增出TGFβ3基因全长,将TGFβ3基因连入质粒pIRES-BMP2;用酶切的方法筛选出阳性重组质粒,并进行测序鉴定。结果：酶切鉴定证明已将BMP2和TGFβ3两个基因连入载体中,测序结果完全正确。结论：成功构建PIRES-BMP2/TGFβ3双基因真核表达载体。     

Isolation and characteristics of a recombinant pOV13 plasmid as a vector for DNA cloning in a broad range of bacterial hosts

The hybrid plasmid pOV13 proposed as a potential vector for DNA cloning in a broad bacterial host range has been constructed on the basis of the broad host range plasmid RSF1010 and a shortened derivative of RP4, the plasmid pVZ115 serving a marker DNA fragment. The plasmid pOV13 contains the genes for streptomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline resistance and single cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases BamHI, BgIII, SalI, SmaI, PvuII, XhoI, as well as double cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases PstI and HindIII permitting one to clone DNA with insertional inactivation of genes. The physicogenetical map of the birepliconed plasmid pOV13 is presented.     

双表达骨形态发生蛋白2、9重组腺病毒载体的构建和表达

目的构建双表达骨形态发生蛋白（Bone morphogenic protein,BMP）2、9腺病毒重组体并进行鉴定。方法自单一表达的BMP2或BMP9 AdEasy质粒上扩增BMP2和BMP9片段,先后亚克隆至穿梭质粒pASG2,获得双表达穿梭质粒pASG2-BMP2、9。酶切及PCR鉴定确认、测序正确后同源重组获得双表达BMP2、BMP9腺病毒质粒,转染至HEK-293细胞中包装和扩增得到高滴度双表达BMP2、BMP9腺病毒,体外感染C3H10细胞,RT-PCR鉴定并观察其早期诱导成骨情况。结果成功构建双表达BMP2、BMP9的腺病毒,滴度约为1010IU/mL,RT-PCR证实双表达腺病毒在C3H10细胞中表达,其感染的C3H10细胞早期碱性磷酸酶含量较单一表达的BMP2或BMP9腺病毒组增加。结论成功构建双表达BMP2、9的重组腺病毒载体,为进一步研究BMP2和BMP9的协同成骨作用和制备高效的组织工程人工骨提供了有利的工具。     

Physical map of the coliphage 186 chromosome

Summary A physical map of coliphage 186 was established by cloning various restriction fragments of 186 DNA into the plasmid vector pBR322 and determining the genes encoded on each fragment by marker rescue experiments using a range of 186 mutant phage.     

一种多基因串联共表达载体的构建

为了构建一种可用于串联共表达多个基因的原核表达载体,通过PCR引入点突变,对商业载体pET-22b的酶切位点进行定向改造,设计独特的XbaⅠ/SpeⅠ模块。获得改造成功的载体pET-m22b,测序结果显示启动子、核糖体结合位点、多克隆位点及终止子均位于XbaⅠ和SpeⅠ两酶切位点间。选取不同来源的基因进行串联组合及表达鉴定,四个基因成功组合于同一载体中,表达效果良好,各基因表达效率不受明显影响。研究构建的载体pET-m22b,使多基因的共表达更加便捷,为蛋白复合物的表达与纯化、代谢通路的异源重建及其优化等研究奠定了良好的基础。     

Physical and functional map of supervirulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing plasmid pTiBo542.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains carrying pTiBo542 induce large, fast-appearing tumors and have an unusually wide host range. A clone bank was made from this 250-kilobase plasmid in a wide-host-range vector, and restriction maps were determined for BamHI and SalI. The virulence genes, transferred DNA genes, plasmid incompatibility region, and a region that inhibits growth of certain A. tumefaciens strains were localized. The six virulence genes and two tms genes were highly homologous to the genes of pTiA6, but the tmr gene was not. Mutations in each of the six vir loci of pTiA6 were complemented by clones from the vir region of pTiBo542.     

Functional properties of the pOV13 plasmid as a vector for DNA cloning in a broad spectrum of gram negative bacteria

The birepliconed plasmid pOV13 possesses all the properties of a vector for DNA cloning in a broad host range of bacterial cells. pOV13 is transfered by transformation and stably inherited by Escherichia coli, Brucella, Pseudomonas cells determining the resistance to streptomycin, tetrocycline and kanamycin in these bacteria. The plasmid pOV13 is a multicopy plasmid optimal in replication capacity (23kb). The plasmid carries single sites for some restriction endonucleases that are used for DNA cloning, including some restriction sites in antibiotic resistance genes. The examples of DNA cloning with the selection of recombinant clones by the insertional inactivation of kanamycin or tetracycline resistance and expression of the cloned DNAs are presented.     

Overproduction of the EcoRII endonuclease and methylase by Escherichia coli strains carrying recombinant plasmids constructed in vitro

Recombinant DNA molecules were constructed from the plasmid pIL203 and the EcoRI-fragment of N3 plasmid containing EcoRII endonuclease and methylase genes and also a gene for resistance to sulfanilamide. The pIL203 plasmid, used as a vector, consisted of the Bam HI-EcoRI-fragment of the plasmid pBR322 conferring resistance to ampicillin and the Bam HI-EcoRI-fragment of lambda phage containing promoters, a thermosensitive mutation in the cI gene and a suppressible amber mutation in the cro gene. Ampicillin-sulfanilamide-resistant clones were selected and tested for their restriction and modification phenotype. The recombinant plasmid DNA, isolated from ApRSuR-resistant clones, which restricted and modified phage lambda imm21 with EcoRII specificity, had the EcoRI-fragment with EcoRII genes in a single orientation. The recombinant plasmid pSK323 was transferred into E. coli strains with su-, su1, su2 or su3 phenotypes. The synthesis of products of EcoRII genes by these strains grown at 37 degrees C is increased by 10--50-fold.     

Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in marine Rhodobacter sp. NKPB 0021 by use of shuttle vectors containing the minimal replicon of an endogenous plasmid

A vector, pUK318, was constructed to allow the expression of foreign genes in the marine photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sp. NKPB 0021. This strain has been cured of its two endogenous plasmids. pUK318 consists of a 2.3-kb PstI-BamHI restriction fragment, containing a marine Rhodobacter plasmid replication region, cloned into pUC18. This fragment was derived from plasmid pRD31, a 3.1-kb endogenous plasmid purified from the marine strain Rhodobacter sp. NKPB 043402. A kanamycin resistance gene from Tn903 was cloned into the PstI restriction site to provide antibiotic selection. pUK318 was transferred to Rhodobacter sp. NKPB 0021 by transformation, and efficiencies of 7.2 x 10(-5) were obtained. Furthermore, pUK318 was stably maintained when transformants were grown either heterotrophically or photosynthetically in the absence of antibiotics. pUK318 was used to express the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene in Rb. NKPB 0021. Transformants expressed a maximum CAT activity of 1.12 mmol/min/g dry cells. In addition, the DNA region essential for pUK318 replication in Rb. NKPB 0021 was localized to a 1.36-kb HincII-PstI fragment. This is the first report of a plasmid vector containing a marine Rhodobacter-specific replicon that allows stable expression of foreign genes in the absence of antibiotic selection.     

甜瓜ACC氧化酶反义基因植物表达载体的构建及转化烟草的研究

用限制性内切酶从目的基因供体质粒pBI-aACO1上切下大小约2．3kb的目的基因,将其定向连接在受体质粒pCAMBIA2301载体上,构建成含有GUS基因的甜瓜ACC钣化酶反义基因植物表达载体pCB-aACO1。采用直接转化法将pCB-aACO1导入根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105,并用新构建的工程菌对普通烟草进行了遗传转化研究。在Kanamycin选择压力下获得的烟草转化不定芽和完整植株,经过GUS基因组织化学法检测以及PCR方法鉴定,证实了该反义基因已导入烟草基因组中,此项研究为下一阶段用该反义基因转化甜瓜品种以改良甜瓜果实耐贮运性打下基础。     

Transposon insertion reveals pRM, a plasmid of Rickettsia monacensis

Until the recent discovery of pRF in Rickettsia felis, the obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) were thought not to possess plasmids. We describe pRM, a plasmid from Rickettsia monacensis, which was detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blot analyses of DNA from two independent R. monacensis populations transformed by transposon-mediated insertion of coupled green fluorescent protein and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase marker genes into pRM. Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that pRM was present in rickettsial cells as circular and linear isomers. The 23,486-nucleotide (31.8% G/C) pRM plasmid was cloned from the transformant populations by chloramphenicol marker rescue of restriction enzyme-digested transformant DNA fragments and PCR using primers derived from sequences of overlapping restriction fragments. The plasmid was sequenced. Based on BLAST searches of the GenBank database, pRM contained 23 predicted genes or pseudogenes and was remarkably similar to the larger pRF plasmid. Two of the 23 genes were unique to pRM and pRF among sequenced rickettsial genomes, and 4 of the genes shared by pRM and pRF were otherwise found only on chromosomes of R. felis or the ancestral group rickettsiae R. bellii and R. canadensis. We obtained pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blot evidence for a plasmid in R. amblyommii isolate WB-8-2 that contained genes conserved between pRM and pRF. The pRM plasmid may provide a basis for the development of a rickettsial transformation vector.     

Construction of cloning vectors using the Vibrio harveyi luminescence genes luxA and luxB as markers

A synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide harboring four new restriction sites was inserted into the luxB gene of Vibrio harveyi. This insertion did not disrupt the reading frame. An active beta-subunit was synthesized since a plasmid with both the luxA and mutated luxB genes conferred upon Escherichia coli the bacterial luciferase (Lux) phenotype in the presence of an aldehyde. Ligation of a piece of foreign DNA at these new cloning sites in the vector extinguish the Lux phenotype of the transformed bacteria. Therefore, the plasmid was used as a cloning vector, and recombinant DNA-containing bacteria were detected by the loss of bioluminescence. To create more versatile plasmids, the intergenic region of phage f1 was inserted outside of the lux genes. The selection by loss of bioluminescence presents several advantages over the white/blue selection of the lacZ gene on indicator plates.     

Sequence arrangement of tRNA genes on a fragment of Drosophila melanogaster DNA cloned in E. coli.

A plasmid with the vector Col E1 attached to an insert of Drosophila melanogaster DNA carrying four tRNA genes has been cloned in E. coli. Some features of the sequence arrangement and the positions of the tRNA genes have been determined by electron microscopic methods and by restriction endonuclease mapping. tRNA genes were mapped at 1.4, 4.7, 5.9 and 8.6 kb from one of the Drosophila/Col E1 junctions in the Drosophila insert of total length 9.34 kb. There are several secondary structure features consisting of inverted repeat sequences of length about 70-100 nucleotide pairs, some with and some without intervening loops, irregularly distributed on the insert. Cross-hybridization of tRNAs isolated by hybridization to separated restriction fragments indicate that the tRNA genes at 4.7, 5.9 and 8.6 kb are identical and differ from the one at 1.4 kb. Thus the positions of the genes, of the secondary structure features and of the restriction endonuclease sites all indicate that the spacers between the genes are not identical tandem repeats. In situ hybridization with cRNA transcribed from the plasmid showed localization at region 42A of chromosome 2R.     

Construction of a hybrid bacteriophage-plasmid recombinant DNA vector.

A phage-plasmid hybrid was constructed for use as a recombinant DNA vector, allowing the propagation of cloned EcoRI restriction endonuclease fragments of about 2 X 10(6) to 11 X 10(6) daltons. The colicin E1 plasmid replicon was fused to the left arm of a lambdagt generalized transducing phage with a thermolabile repressor, yielding a genome which could be replicated either by phage lambda functions or via the colicin E1 plasmid replicon. At the nonpermissive temperature, phage functions were derepressed and phage growth occurred lytically. Alternatively, at the permissive temperature, lambda functions were repressed and the vector replicated as a covalently closed circular plasmid. The phage-plasmid hybrid vector could be maintained at a copy number determined by the colicin E1 plasmid replicon and was also sensitive to amplification after chloramphenicol treatment. An EcoRI fragment of Escherichia coli DNA encoding genes of the arabinose operon also was inserted into the central portion of the vector.