The pterolichoid feather mites (Acarina, Astigmata) of the Megapodiidae (Aves, Galliformes)

The pterolichoid feather mites of megapodes are reviewed. Named taxa are briefly discussed and most are figured. The Pterolichidae (Pterolichinae) are: Ascetohchus Perez & Atyeo, three species; Echinozonus Atyeo & Perez, six species; Pereziella Atyeo, two species; and Phycoferus Atyeo & Perez, two species. New pterolichine taxa, with the type species listed first, include: Botryaspis cordiforma gen. et sp.n. and B. cordata gen. et sp.n.; Cycloprotarsus lineatus gen. et sp.n., C. centralis gen. et sp.n. and C. monacrotrichus gen. et sp.n.; Eurypterolichus gen.n. for Pterolichus navicula comb.n. Trouessart & Neumann and E. coniger gen. et sp.n.; Goniodurus gen.n. for Pterolichus ( Pseudalloptes ) quadratus comb.n. Trouessart and G. bilobatus gen. et sp.n.; Haptepigynus gen.n. for Pterolichus ( Pseudalloptes ) tridentiger comb.n. Trouessart and H. holonotus gen. et sp.n.; Heliaspis ventralis gen. et sp.n.; Leipobius ocellatus gen. et sp.n.; Maleolichus maleo gen. et sp.n.; Mayracarus gen.n. for Pterolichus (P.) tritilobus comb.n. Trouessart; Megapodobius arcuatus gen. et sp.n. and M. striatus gen. et sp.n.; Oxygynurus brevissimus gen. et sp.n., O. longicaulis gen. et sp.n., O. mediocaulis gen. et sp.n. and O. parvicaulis gen. et sp. n.; Prionoturus amembranatus gen. et sp. n.; Talegallobius bidentatus gen. et sp.n.; and Tanysomacarus imperfectus gen. et sp.n. and T. brachymeles gen. et sp.n. A new taxon of the Thoracosathesidae is: Thoracosathes caudiculata sp.n. Keys are provided and host- commensal associations are discussed. All taxa are restricted to the Megapodiidae. Cheylabis fuscina Trouessart is assigned to Pereziella and has as a synonym P. dupilcata Atyeo.     

Revision of the Malagasy genus Trichoteleia Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea, Platygastridae)

The species of the genus Trichoteleia Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) are revised: 42 species are recognized, of which two were previously named and are redescribed: Trichoteleia afo Talamas, sp. n., Trichoteleia albidipes Kieffer, Trichoteleia bicolor Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia bidentata Talamas sp. n.; Trichoteleia carinata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia cincta Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia delilah Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia eburata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia echinata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia fisheri Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia funesta Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia halterata Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia hemlyae Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia irwini Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia janus Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia jiro Talamas, sp. n.; T. ketrona Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia levii Talamas & Johnson, sp. n.; Trichoteleia longiventris Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia minima Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia nify Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia oculea Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia orona Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia parvipennis Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia pauliani (Risbec); Trichoteleia picturata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia prima Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia prolixa Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia quazii Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia ravaka Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia rugifrons Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia solocis Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia sphaerica Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia subtilis Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tahotra Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia takariva Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tezitra Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tigris Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tonsa Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia warreni Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia xantrox Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia zuparkoi Talamas & Masner, sp. n. A neotype is designated for Trichoteleia albidipes and a lectotype is designated for Trichoteleia pauliani.     

Bravohollisia Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970 and Caballeria Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Pomadasys hasta (Bloch) (Pomadasyidae), with the description of a new attachment mechanism

Nine species of monogeneans were collected from the fish Pomadasys hasta (Bloch): Bravohollisia magna Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970; B. rosetta n. sp.; B. reticulata n. sp.; B. gussevi n. sp.; B. kritskyi n. sp.; Caballeria pedunculata Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970; C. robusta Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1970; C. liewi n. sp.; and C. intermedius n. sp. The anchors of these species contain a canal beginning in the shaft and ending near the point; ducts of haptoral glands enter the canal in the shaft and are associated with net-like structures near the anchor tip. The net-like structures of Bravohollisia spp. are extensive, while those of Caballeria spp. are smaller and more compact. These nets probably assist the monogeneans in attaching to the gill filaments. Caballeria spp. possess four pairs of extensible haptoral digits. Species of Bravohollisia and Caballeria posses two seminal vesicles.     

Novel trivalent anti-influenza reagent

We designed and synthesized novel trivalent anti-influenza reagents. Sialyllactose was located at the terminal of each valence which aimed to block each receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin (HA) trimer on the surface of the virus. Structural analyses were carried out with a model which was constructed with a computer simulation. A previously reported cyclic glycopeptide blocker [Ohta, T.; Miura, N.; Fujitani, N.; Nakajima, F.; Niikura, K.; Sadamoto, R.; Guo, C.-T.; Suzuki, T.; Suzuki, Y.; Monde, K.; Nishimura, S.-I. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003, 42, 5186] bound to the HA in the model. The analyses suggest that the glutamine residue in the cyclic peptide bearing Neu5Acα2,3Galβ1,4Glc trisaccharide via a linker interacts with the Gln189 in HA through hydrogen bonding. The present anti-influenza reagents likely interact with a glutamine residue included in the vicinity of Gln189. A plague reduction assay of the influenza virus, A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1), was performed in MDCK cells to evaluate for the synthesized compounds to inhibit viral replication. One of the compounds showed approximately 85% inhibition at the concentration of 400 μM at 4 °C.     

BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN

S tephan , H.; B aron , G.; F rahm , H. D.: Comparative Brain Research in Mammals.
S uzuki , D. T.; G riffiths , A. J. F.; M iller , J. H.; L ewontin , R. C.: G enetik. Übersetzt von S. A chten und P. B öhm .
K ämpfe , L othar (ed.): Evolution und Stammesgeschichte der Organismen. Bearbeitet von 5 Fachwissenschaftlem. 3., neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage.     

Further contributions to the aleocharine fauna of the Yukon Territory, Canada (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

The aleocharine beetles of the Yukon Territory, Canada are reviewed based on material studied since the most recent survey of the territory in 2008. The present contribution recognizes a fauna of 125 species, of which 9 are new to science, 20 represent new territorial records and one represents a new Canadian record. Seventeen species are considered Holarctic, 6 introduced, and 2 species are of undetermined status (Holarctic or adventive). The Yukon fauna is classified in 32 genera and 8 tribes. The new species are: 1) Acrotona horwoodae Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 2) Atheta (Microdota) microelytrata Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 3) Atheta (Microdota) riparia Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 4) Atheta (Datomicra) whitehorsensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 5) Ocyusa yukonensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 6) Philhygra pseudolarsoniKlimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 7) Philhygra terrestris Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 8) Boreophilia davidgei Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; and 9) Boreophilia herschelensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.     

BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN

Book reviewed in this article:
R ieppel , O.: Kladismus oder die Legende vom Stammbaum
K erney , M. P.; C ameron , R. A. D.; J ungbluth , J. H.: Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas
E stes , R.: Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie
F lohr , H.; T önnesmann , W. (Eds.): Politik and Biologie     

Revision of the Afrotropical Phaeogenini (Ichneumonidae,Ichneumoninae), with description of a new genus and?twelve new species

We revise the 10 genera and 23 species of the tribe Phaeogenini (Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) known to occur in the Afrotropical region. We describe the following 13 new taxa: Kibalus Rousse, van Noort & Diller, gen. n.; K. toro Rousse, van Noort & Diller, sp. n.; K. mubfs Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; Arearia oxymoron Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; Chauvinia nyanga Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; Dicaelotus asantesana Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; D. hoerikwaggoensis Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; D. tablemountainensis Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; Heterischnus mfongosi Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; H. mkomazi Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; Lusius flummox Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; Tycherus amatola Rousse & van Noort, sp. n.; and T. nardousberg Rousse & van Noort, sp. n. New distribution records: Heterischnus africanus (Heinrich, 1936) from South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda; H. krausi Schönitzer, 1999 from Rwanda; Lusius tenuissimus (Heinrich, 1938) from Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. A doubtful record of Aethecerus foveolatus Gregor, 1940 from Sao Tome is additionaly reported in the appendix. We provide illustrated diagnoses and identification notes. Online interactive dichotomous and matrix Lucid keys to genera and species are available at http://www.waspweb.org.     

The genus Antillothrips Stannard, with descriptions of two new species (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

Abstract. The genus Antillothrips Stannard ( Elatea Faure, syn.n.) is redefined with a key to the ten species: australis sp.n.; exastis (Ananthakrishnan & Kudo) stat.n. comb.n.; cingulatus (Hood) (= Haplothrips (Hindsiana) sakimurai Moulton syn.n.; Xenothrips opacus Ananthakrishnan & Kudo syn.n.); graminellus Ananthakrishnan & Jagadish; hartwigi sp.n.; malabaricus (Ananthakrishnan); micropterus Pitkin; nayari (Ananthakrishnan); stannmdi (Faure) comb.n.; varius (Ananthakrishnan & Jagadish). Lectotypes are designated for opacus and exastis.     

Fern sporophagy in Coleoptera from the Juan Fernandez Islands,Chile, with descriptions of two new genera in Cryptophagidae and Mycetophagidae

Abstract. Fern sporophagy is reported in species of Cryptophagidae, Mycetophagidae and Anthribidae occurring on the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. The following taxa are described and/or discussed: Cryptophagidae: Cryptothelypterus gen.n., with five species: C.obrieni sp.n., C.pteropilosus sp.n., C.selkirki (Bruce) comb.n., C.skottsbergi (Bruce) comb.n., and C.splendens (Bruce) comb.n.; Mycetophagidae: Filicivora gen.n., with one species, F.chilensis (Philippi & Philippi) comb.n.; and Anthribidae: Opisolia lenis Jordan. A key to the species of Cryptothelypterus is provided. Convergent adaptations for fern sporophagy in these groups are discussed, hypotheses are given for the evolution of this habit, and comments are made on wing atrophy.     

Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Ghana: Chromodorididae

Nine species of the opisthobranch family Chromodorididae are described from Ghana: Cadlina evelinae Marcus; C. rumia Marcus; C. dubia sp. nov.; Chromodoris ghanensis (Edmunds); C. kpone sp. nov.; C. luleorosea (Rapp); Hypselodoris tana sp. nov.; H. bilineata (Pruvot-Fol) and Mexichromis tricolor (Cantraine). The small number of species found belonging to this warm-water family is attributed to the cold water of the Benguela current.     

Buchbesprechungen

Book reviewed in this article:
S nowdon , C h . T.; B rown , C h . H.; P etersen , M. R. (eds.): Primate Communication
M oynihan , M.; R odaniche , A. F.: The Behaviour and Natural History of the Caribbean Reef Squid Sepioteuthis sepioidea
M ossakowski , D.; R oth , G. (ed.): Environmental Adaptation and Evolution
S impson , G. G.: Splendid isolation     

X-ray structure of a sodium salt of digeneaside isolated from red alga Ceramium botryocarpum

X-ray diffraction analysis has been recently used to determine the crystal structure of the floridoside (2-O-α-d-galactopyranosylglycerol) isolated from red alga Palmaria palmata and Dilsea carnosa, respectively [Simon-Colin, C.; Michaud, F.; Léger, J.-M.; Deslandes, E. Carbohydr. Res.2003, 338, 2413-2416; Vonthron-Senechau, C.; Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos. J.; Mussio, I.; Rusig, A. M. Carbohydr. Res. 2008, 343, 2697-2698]. In this present study, a similar analysis was performed on another compound belonging to the glycopyranosyl-glycerols family present in red algae, digeneaside. The crystal structure of a hydrated sodium salt of digeneaside (sodium 2-O-α-d-mannopyranosyl-d-glycerate monohydrate) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis at 110 ± 3 K. The space group is C2 with Z = 4, a = 17.9315(12), b = 6.2693(4), c = 10.7805(7) Å, beta = 90.746(7)°.     

Buchbcsprechungen

Abstract

Menzinger, W.; Sanftleben, H.: Parasitäre Krankheiten und Schäden an Gehölzen. 211 S., 24 Abb., 4 Farbtufeln. Berlin(West), Paul Parey, 1980. Reviewed by H.-H. Schimanski

Lange, O. L.; Nobel, P. S.; Osmond, C. B.; Ziegler, H. (Eds.): Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology Now Series Vol. 12 C. Physiological Plant Ecology III. Responses to the Chemical and Biological Environment 799 S., 104 Abb., Berlin(West), Springer-Verlug, 1983. 198,— DM. Reviewed by J. Schubert     

BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN

Book reviewed in this article:
reviews type of article–
M ason , J. L. (ed.): Evolution of domesticated animals . London, New York: Longman 1984.
G riffiths , G. C. D. (ed.): Flies of the Nearctic Region . Vol. VIII: Cyclorrhapha II (Schizophora: Calyptratae), Part 2 Anthomyiidae, Number 1 by G. C. D. G riffiths . Stuttgart: E. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 1982.
S impson , G. G.: Penguins . Past and Present, Here and There. New Haven and London: Yale University Press 1983.
G ans , E.; P ouch , F. H. (eds.): Biology of the Reptilia . Vol. 12. New York – London: Academic Press 1982. 564 S. DM 353,–. G ans , E. (ed.):
M atsuno , K.; D ose , K.; H arada , K.; R ohlfing , D. L. (eds.): Molecular Evolution and Protobiology . New York, London
F elsenstein , J. (ed.): Numerical Taxonomy . Nato AS1 Series. Series G Ecological Sciencesxs
S meets , W. J. A. J.; N ieuwenhuys , R.; R oberts , B. L.: The Central Nervous System of Cartilaginous Fishes . Structure and Functional Correlations. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1983
H echt , M. K.; W allace , B.; P range , G. T. (eds.): Evolutionary Biology . Vol. 18. New York and London     

A new synthesis of 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)guanine (AraF-G)

Interesting and very promising antisense properties of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinonucleic acids ((a) Wilds, C.J.; Damha, M.J. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinonucleosides and oligonucleotides (2'F-ANA): synthesis and physicochemical studies. Nucl. Acids Res. 2000, 28, 3625-3635; (b) Viazovkina, E.; Mangos, M.; Elzagheid, M.I.; Damha, M.J. Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry 2002, 4.15.1-4.15.21) (2'F-ANA) has encouraged our research group to optimize the synthetic procedures for 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinonucleosides (araF-N). The synthesis of araF-U, araF-T, araF-A and araF-C is straightforward, (Tann, C.H.; Brodfuehrer, P.R.; Brundidge, S.P.; Sapino, C., Jr. Howell H.G. Fluorocarbohydrates in synthesis. An efficient synthesis of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (beta-FIAU) and 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine (beta-FMAU). J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 3644-3647; Howell, H.G.; Brodfuehrer, P.R.; Brundidge, S.P.; Benigni, D.A.; Sapino, C., Jr. Antiviral nucleosides. A stereospecific, total synthesis of 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl nucleosides. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 85-88; Maruyama, T.; Takamatsu, S.; Kozai, S.; Satoh, Y.; Izana, K. Synthesis of 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine bearing a selectively removable protecting group. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1999, 47, 966-970) however, the synthesis of the guanine analogue is more complicated and affords poor to moderate yields of araF-G (4) ((a) Elzagheid, M.I.; Viazovkina, E.; Masad, M.J. Synthesis of protected 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinonucleosides. Synthesis of 2'-fluoroarabino nucleoside phosphoramidites and their use in the synthesis of 2'F-ANA. Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry 2002, 1.7.1-1.7.19; (b) Tennila, T.; Azhayeva, E.; Vepsalainen, J.; Laatikainen, R.; Azhayev, A.; Mikhailopulo, I. Oligonucleotides containing 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-adenine and -guanine: synthesis, hybridization and antisense properties. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucl. Acids 2000, 19, 1861-1884). Here we describe an efficient synthesis of araF-G (4) that involves coupling of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide (1) with 2-chlorohypoxanthine (2) to afford 2-chloro-beta-araF-I (3) in 52% yield. Nucleoside (3) was transformed into araF-G (4) by treatment with methanolic ammonia (150 degrees C, 6 h) in 67% yield.     

Stereoselective Reduction of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate by Fungi

The enantioselectivity of ECAA to ECHB by eight fungi of four genus was evaluated. All strains showed (S)-selectivity, and Cylindrocarpon sclerotigenum IFO 31855 gave the highest yield and good optical purity (e.e.; >99%). Cell-free extract and acetone-dried cells of C. sclerotigenum IFO 31855 reduced ECAA to (S)-ECHB in the presence of NADPH (e.e.; >99%) and the e.e. was not decreased by heat treatment of the cell-free extract or the acetone-dried cells. The active fractions shown by two peaks on a DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M column gave preferentially (S)-ECHB (e.e.; >99%).     

Toward establishing structure–activity relationships for oxygenated coumarins as differentiation inducers of promonocytic leukemic cells

The presumption that some coumarins might be lead compounds in the search for new differentiation agents against leukemia is based on the fact that natural coumarins, 5-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin (C-2) and 5-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin (C-1) inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation in U-937 cells [Riveiro, M. E.; Shayo, C.; Monczor, F.; Fernandez, N.; Baldi, A.; De Kimpe, N.; Rossi, J.; Debenedetti, S.; Davio, C. Cancer Lett. 2004, 210, 179–188]. These promising findings prompted us to investigate the anti-leukemia activity of a broader range of related polyoxygenated coumarins. Twenty related natural or synthetically prepared coumarins, including a range of 5-substituted ayapin derivatives which have become easy accessible via newly developed synthesis methods, were evaluated, where treatments with 5-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin (D-3) and 5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin (D-2) were able to inhibit the cell growth and induce the differentiation of U-937 cells after 48 h treatment. These results provide insight into the correlation between some structural properties of polyoxygenated coumarins and their in vitro leukemic differentiation activity.     

BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN

Book reviewed in this article:
Prakash, I.; Ghosh, P. K. (ed.): Rodents in desert environments. Monographiae Biologicae 28.
Page, L. A. (Ed.): Wildlife Diseases 1976.
Benirschke, K.; Hsu, T. C. (coord, ed.): Chromosome Atlas: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds.
Neville, A. C: Biology of the Arthropod Cuticle.
Rieger, R.; Michaelis, A.; Green, M. M.: Glossary of Genetics and Cytogenetics. Classical and Molecular.
Pearson, R,; Pearson, L.: The Vertebrate Brain.
Newell, R. C. (ed.): Adaptation to Environment.
C hinery , M.: Insekten Mitteleuropas.