金耳子实体和发酵菌丝体多糖的分离纯化与结构的比较研究

人工段木栽培的金耳（ＴｒｅｎｅｌｌａａｕｒａｎｔｉａｌｂａＢａｎｄｏｎｉｅｔＺａｎｇ）子实体和深层培养的金耳菌丝体分别经沸水提取,醇析,透析,Ｓｅｖａｇｅ法脱蛋白,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱层析纯化,得子实体纯多糖ＴＡｆ和菌丝体纯多糖ＡＴｍ。玻璃纤维纸电泳表明ＴＡｍ和ＴＡｆ为单一均匀多糖。糖层层析表明,ＴＡｍ的单糖组成为半乳糖,葡萄糖,甘露糖,岩藻糖,鼠李糖,ＴＡｆ单糖组成为葡萄糖,甘露糖,木糖     

松杉灵芝发酵菌丝体中水溶多糖的分离纯化与结构的比较研究

松杉灵芝发酵菌丝体经热水提取,冻融分级及乙醇二次分级,分离纯化出ＧＦｂ级份,电泳及凝胶柱层析示其为均一多糖,分子量为９．８万。小于子实体多糖相应级份。ＧＦｂ经红外光谱,气相色谱,气质联机,碳１３核磁共振,高碘酸盐氧化,Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解,甲基化及部分酸水解分析。确定其基本结构中主链为１→６葡萄糖基和１→６半乳糖基构成,二者之比为１：１,分支点在０－３位上,分枝点率为５０％,与子实体多糖ＧＦ３相同,侧链     

天然茯苓和液体发酵茯苓粉末的研究

液体发酵茯苓为一种新型的发酵中药。本文在粉末显微特征、多糖、灰分和氨基酸含量等方面,对液体发酵茯苓粉末和天然茯苓粉末展开了研究。研究结果表明二者在显微特征和化学成分等方面均存在较大的差异,探讨了上述差异产生的原因。     

松杉灵芝发酵菌丝体中水溶多糖的分离纯化与结构的比较研究

松杉灵芝发酵菌丝体经热水提取,冻融分级及乙醇二次分级,分离纯化出GFb级份,电泳及凝胶柱层析示其为均一多糖,分子量为9.8万。小于子实体多糖相应级份。 GFb经红外光谱,气相色谱,气质联机,碳13核磁共振,高碘酸盐氧化,Smith降解,甲基化及部分酸水解分析,确定其基本结构中主链为1→6葡萄糖基和1→6半乳糖基构戍,二者之比为1∶1,分支点在0-3位上,分枝点率为50％,与子实体多糖GF_3相同,侧链由1→3葡萄糖基,1→4葡萄糖基,末端葡萄糖基及末端半乳糖基构成,分子中分枝率为55.6％,较子实体多糖GF_3分枝率略低,分枝链略短。     

金耳子实体和发酵菌丝体多糖的分离、纯化与结构的比较研究

人工段木栽培的金耳（TremellaaurantialbaBandonietZang）子实体和深层培养的金耳菌丝体分别经沸水提取、醇析、透析,Sevape法脱蛋白、SephadexG—100柱层析纯化,得子实体纯多糖TAf和菌丝体纯多糖TAm。玻璃纤维纸电泳表明TAm和TAf为单一均匀多糖。薄层层析表明,TAm的单糖组成为半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖、鼠李糖。TAf的单糖组成为葡萄糖、甘露糖、木糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸。UV分析表明组成中不含核酸和蛋白质。TAf经乙醇分级分离得TAf－1和TAf－2。TAf－1经SephadexG－100柱层析表明其为单一均匀物质。红外光谱分析证明,TAf－1和TAf－2有多糖吸收峰,存在吡喃环,α-糖苷键和β-糖苷键连接。     

茯苓多糖抗氧化性研究

采用分光光度法研究了茯苓多糖提取物的体外抗氧化作用,并与Vc进行比较.结果表明其具有较强的抗氧化能力,在清除DPPH·的体系中和还原能力体系中,样品的清除能力均超过Vc,但在羟基自由基·OH和超氧阴离子O-2体系中,其清除能力低于对照样Vc.     

阿魏菇深层发酵菌丝体多糖提取工艺优化研究

以液体深层培养的阿魏菇新鲜菌丝体为原料,使用均匀正交设计的试验方法优化了阿魏菇多糖提取工艺。实验结果表明：在菌丝密度为100～250mg／mL(鲜重)范围内,超声波破壁时间为18min、热水浸提时间为4h、提取温度为70℃的提取工艺,多糖提取率可达到：0．914％(鲜重)。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取发酵虫草菌丝体多糖工艺

为优化发酵虫草菌粉多糖的微波辅助提取工艺,在单因素实验基础上,以液固比、微波功率以及提取时间为自变量,多糖提取率为响应值,采用中心组合设计的方法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对多糖提取率的影响。利用SAS软件和响应面分析相结合的方法对发酵虫草菌粉多糖的微波辅助提取工艺进行优化,确定了微波辅助提取多糖的最佳条件：液固比值12．2,微波功率650．5W,提取时间11．8min,在此条件下,多糖提取率达到6．41％。采用此法提取的虫草菌丝体多糖,当质量浓度为1mg／mL时,对二苯代苦味肼基自由基（DPPH）清除率达到76％。     

16种茯苓菌株液体发酵产胞内多糖与三萜的比较研究

筛选茯苓高产胞内多糖和胞内三萜的优良液体发酵出发菌株。采用PDA富集固体平板培养与液体发酵培养测定菌丝体生长速率;采用液体发酵策略分析16种茯苓菌株产胞内多糖与胞内三萜的潜能。实验结果表明菌株生长于固体培养基与种子培养基的生长速率之间没有关联性;降低一级种子培养基初始pH值到4.0时能有效缓解茯苓菌株培养物褐化现象;AS5.137胞内多糖含量最高,达377.60±0.10 mg/g,而DB菌株显示出最高的胞内多糖产量,达1.01±0.13 g/L;Y1菌株胞内三萜含量最高,达83.89±4.28 mg/g,而Jingzhou28菌株胞内三萜产量最高,达136.63±26.66 mg/L。就生产茯苓胞内多糖与胞内三萜而言,AS5.137与DB菌株适合作为液体发酵产胞内多糖的出发菌株;Y1,Jingzhou28,Z(z)与Xingpinzhong菌株均较适合作为液体发酵产胞内三萜的出发菌株。     

牛肝菌液体发酵及产多糖的影响因素研究

牛肝菌(Boletused)属外生菌根菌,美味牛肝菌多糖有明显的抗肿瘤效果。采用液体培养方法对牛肝菌菌丝体的发酵及产多糖特性进行了研究,实验考察了培养基中葡萄糖浓度和培养基的初始pH对牛肝菌菌丝量及产多糖的影响。结果表明,实验条件下,该株牛肝菌在pH值5．5—6．0,葡萄糖含量为60mg/mL时,多糖产量为6．7mg/mL。实验考察了从发酵菌丝体中提取多糖的几种方法,其中研磨法效果较好,与对照相比,多糖提取量增加了20％。     

茯苓菌液体培养条件的优化及其多糖的提取

研究了茯苓菌株F2.10的液体培养条件,并对其中的多糖进行了提取和分析.结果表明,最佳培养条件为初始pH 5.5、摇床转速150r/min、培养温度26℃、装液量80 mL/250mL三角瓶、培养时间5 d;最适碳、氮源分别为4 %蔗糖和3 %豆饼粉.在此条件下100 mL培养液可获得2.21 g干重生物量.用水煮和稀碱浸提法可从30 g干菌丝体中分别获得1.38 g水溶性多糖和19.75 g碱溶性多糖.IR分析结果表明这两种多糖的主要成分为β-D-葡聚糖.     

桑黄菌丝体粗多糖的提取方法研究

采用正交试验设计,以桑黄菌丝体粗多糖含量为考察指标,用苯酚—硫酸法,分别确定了热水浸提法、微波辅助提取法和超声提取法的最佳工艺。通过极差分析得出:热水浸提法的最优工艺为浸提时间3 h、浸提3次、液料质量比50∶1、浸提温度90℃,粗多糖提取率为2.10%;微波提取法的最优工艺为微波处理15 min、液料质量比50∶1、提取3次,提取率为4.18%;超声提取法的最优工艺为超声30 min、提取2次、液料质量比60∶1、温度60℃、频率60 Hz,提取率为3.02%。微波辅助法与热水浸提法相比,时间缩短,且提取率提高近1倍;与超声提取法相比,时间缩短1/2,但提取率提高40%。因此,微波辅助提取法速度更快、提取效率更高、操作更简便,优于其他2种方法。     

茯苓中三萜类和多糖类成分的研究进展

主要对中药茯苓中的三萜类和多糖类成分进行了综述。到目前为止已从茯苓的菌核和菌丝中分离到三萜类物质39个,其中羊毛甾-8-烯型三萜12个,羊毛甾-7,9(11)-二烯型三萜16个,3,4-开环-羊毛甾-7,9(11)-二烯型三萜7个,3,4-开环-羊毛甾-8-烯型三萜2个,三环二萜类1个,齐墩果烷型三萜1个;分离到多糖类物质23个。     

Antitumor activities of heteropolysaccharides of Poria cocos mycelia from different strains and culture media

Ten water-soluble heteropolysaccharide fractions were isolated from Poria cocos mycelia cultured from one wild and one cultivated strain in two identical culture media differing only in one component: either corn steep liquor or bran extract. The chemical compositions, including monosaccharide profile, protein content, and molecular mass M(w) of the mycelial polysaccharides were determined. Both the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of the heteropolysaccharides were evaluated and compared. The heteropolysaccharides from Poria cocos mycelia cultured with the wild strain in a medium containing corn steep liquor exhibited the highest antitumor activities against Sarcoma 180 in vivo.     

Effect of culture media on the chemical and physical characteristics of polysaccharides isolated from Poria cocos mycelia

Mycelia of a wild strain Poria cocos were cultured in two media differing in one constituent: bran extract or corn steep liquor, and are designated as wb and wc, respectively. Six polysaccharide fractions were isolated sequentially from the two mycelia by 0.9% NaCl (PCM1), hot water (PCM2), 0.5 M NaOH (PCM3-I and -II) and 88% formic acid (PCM4-I and -II). Their chemical and physical characteristics were determined by infrared spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography (GC), 13C NMR, light scattering (LS) and viscometry. The results indicated that wb-, wc-PCM1, and PCM2 were heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of alpha-D-glucose, mannose, and galactose, whereas wb-PCM3-I and wc-PCM3-I were mainly (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucans, and wb- and wc-PCM3-II, PCM4-I and PCM4-II were (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans. Interestingly, (1-->3) alpha- and (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans co-existed in the 0.5 M NaOH fraction and were separated individually into the two fractions (PCM3-I and PCM3-II) after neutralizing with acetic acid. The polysaccharides from wc-PCM cultured in media containing corn steep liquor contained relatively more protein. The polysaccharide fractions also existed in conformations including random coil (as in PCM0 and PCM1) and expanded chain (as in PCM3), and differed molecular mass. In addition, two exo-polysaccharides isolated from the two culture media by methanol precipitation (wb- and wc-PCM0) also differed in their monosaccharide composition.     

Chemical components and molecular mass of six polysaccharides isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos

Six polysaccharides were extracted sequentially from the fresh sclerotium of Poria cocos cultivated in China using 0.9% NaCl (PCS1), hot water (PCS2), 0.5M NaOH (PCS3-I and PCS3-II), and 88% formic acid (PCS4-I and PCS4-II). Their chemical and physical characteristics were determined using infrared spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography (GC), GC-MS methylation analysis, 13C NMR spectroscopy, elementary analysis (EA), protein analysis, size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering (SEC-LLS), light scattering (LS), and viscometry. The results indicated that the polysaccharides PCS1, PCS2, and PCS3-I were heteropolysaccharides containing D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-fucose, and D-xylose; the predominant monosaccharide was D-glucose except for PCS1 where it was D-galactose. PCS3-II, the main component of the sclerotium of P. cocos, was a linear (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan of high purity. PCS4-I consisted of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan with some beta-(1-->6) linked branches. PCS4-II was mainly composed of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan containing some glucose branches. The M(w) values of the six polysaccharides PCS1, PCS2, PCS3-I, PCS4-I in 0.2M NaCl aqueous solution, PCS3-II, and PCS4-II in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO) were determined to be 11.6 x 10(4), 20.8 x 10(4), 17.1 x 10(4), 9.1 x 10(4), 12.3 x 10(4), and 21.1 x 10(4), respectively. The six polysaccharides in aqueous solution or Me(2)SO exist as flexible chains.     

银耳子实体多糖高温高压提取工艺研究

通过对银耳子实体多糖高温高压提取工艺中,提取温度、料液比、提取时间,提取次数等影响因素的实验分析,确定银耳子实体多糖高温高压提取的最佳条件为:提取温度110℃(对应压力0.04 MPa);料液比为1∶70;提取时间为2 h;提取次数为2次,在此条件下,银耳子实体多糖提取率可达36.5%。     

车前草粗多糖提取及抗氧化试验

采取热水浸提-醇沉法探讨了车前草中可溶性粗多糖的提取工艺,研究了提取温度、提取时间、提取次数与料液比4因素对多糖提取的影响。单因素试验发现,在80℃,120 min,料液比1:20,提取2次条件下多糖提取较好。正交试验优化提取方案为90 min、80℃和料液比1:25,在此条件下,多糖提取率可以达到29.88 mg.g-1。同时还研究了体外条件下对.OH和O2-.自由基的清除效果。研究发现,多糖与.OH自由基清除呈良好的线性量效关系(y=5.48x+31.34,r=0.9823),与O2-.清除也呈现良好的线性量效关系(y=4.334x+34.134,r=0.9979)。IC.OH-50%为114.57 mg.L-1,ICO2--50%为172.85 mg.L-1,试验结果充分表明车前草多糖在体外有较强的自由基清除能力。