Microbial activity and enzymic decomposition processes following peatland water table drawdown

Microbial activity and enzymic decomposition processes were followed during a field-based experimental lowering of the water table in a Welsh peatland. Respiration was not significantly affected by the treatment. However, the enzymes sulphatase, -glucosidase and phosphatase were stimulated by between 31 and 67% upon water table drawdown. A further enzyme, phenol oxidase, was not significantly affected. The observation of elevated enzyme activities without an associated increase in microbial respiratory activity suggests that drought conditions influence peatland mineralisation rates through a direct stimulation of existing enzymes, rather than through a generalised stimulation of microbial metabolism (with associated de-novo enzyme synthesis). Hydrochemical data suggest that the stimulation may have been caused by a reduction in the inhibitory action of iron and phenolics in the peat pore waters. Overall, the findings support the recent hypothesis that drier conditions associated with climate change could stimulate mineralisation within wetlands. ei]R Merckx     

Responses of aerobic microbial communities and soil respiration to water-level drawdown in a northern boreal fen

On a global basis, peatlands are a major reserve of carbon (C). Hydrological changes can affect the decomposition processes in peatlands and in turn can alter their C balance. Since 1959, a groundwater extraction plant has generated a water-level gradient at our study site that has gradually changed part of the wet fen into a dry peatland forest. The average water-level drawdown of the gradient (from a pristine 9 cm to 26 cm in the dry end) is close to an estimate predicted by an increase in mean global temperature of 3°C. We studied the total microbial community of the aerobic surface peat in four locations along the gradient through phospholipid fatty acid and PCR-DGGE methods. Additionally, field measurements of soil respiration showed a threefold increase in the C-emission rate at the driest location compared with the wettest one, indicating enhanced decomposition. Also, both fungal and bacterial biomass increased in the drier locations. At the species level, the fungal community changed due to water-level drawdown whereas actinobacteria were less sensitive to drying. The majority of fungal sequences were similar to ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which dominated throughout the gradient. Our results indicate that ECM fungi might act as important facultative decomposers in organic-rich environments such as peatlands.     

Long-term ozone effects on vegetation, microbial community and methane dynamics of boreal peatland microcosms in open-field conditions

To study the effects of elevated ozone concentration on methane dynamics and a sedge species, Eriophorum vaginatum, we exposed peatland microcosms, isolated by coring from an oligotrophic pine fen, to double ambient ozone concentration in an open‐air ozone exposure field for four growing seasons. The field consists of eight circular plots of which four were fumigated with elevated ozone concentration and four were ambient controls. At the latter part of the first growing season (week 33, 2003), the methane emission was 159±14 mg CH₄ m^?2 day^?1 (mean±SE) in the ozone treatment and 214±8 mg CH₄ m^?2 day^?1 under the ambient control. However, towards the end of the experiment the ozone treatment slightly, but consistently, enhanced the methane emission. At the end of the third growing season (2005), microbial biomass (estimated by phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers) was higher in peat exposed to ozone (1975±108 nmol g^?1 dw) than in peat of the control microcosms (1589±115 nmol g^?1 dw). The concentrations of organic acids in peat pore water showed a similar trend. Elevated ozone did not affect the shoot length or the structure of the sedge E. vaginatum leaves but it slightly increased the total number of sedge leaves towards the end of the experiment. Our results indicate that elevated ozone concentration enhances the general growth conditions of microbes in peat by increasing their substrate availability. However, the methane production did not reflect the increase in the concentration of organic acids, probably because hydrogenotrophic methane production dominated in the peat studied. Although, we used isolated peatland microcosms with limited size as study material, we did not find experimental factors that could have hampered the basic conclusions on the effects of ozone.     

Effects of litter size and quality on processing by decomposers in a tropical savannah stream

Litter fragment size and quality can have profound effects on ecosystem functioning and global biogeochemical cycling due to differential utilization by decomposers. Here we study the influence of these factors on decomposers from two guilds found in a tropical savannah stream: invertebrate shredders of the genus Phylloicus and microorganisms. Containers (16 × 16 × 12 cm, ~ 3L) with either Phylloicus (cases removed; N = 16) or stream water containing microorganisms (N = 16) were supplied with litter from the species Inga laurina, Maprounea guianensis, and Richeria grandis, and cut into disks of 18.7, 13.2, and 8.1 mm in diameter (3 sizes × 3 species = 9 disks per container). Relative decomposition was greater for smaller leaf disks and disks of higher quality in microbial‐only cultures. Phylloicus preferentially harvested large fragments for case building, also preferring the leaves of M. guianensis and R. grandis, likely due increased robustness for case formation. Microbial decomposition resulted in ~20% litter mass loss compared to 30% in Phylloicus (of which 8% was used for case building and 24% for food). Thus, changes to input litter size, such as a decrease in leaf size after drought, may alter microbial decomposition and potentially affect shredder populations by limiting the availability of casing material.     

A long-term record of carbon exchange in a boreal black spruce forest: means, responses to interannual variability, and decadal trends

We present a decadal (1994–2004) record of carbon dioxide flux in a 160‐year‐old black spruce forest/veneer bog complex in central Manitoba, Canada. The ecosystem shifted from a source (+41 g C m⁻², 1995) to a sink (−21 g C m⁻², 2004) of CO₂ over the decade, with an average net carbon balance near zero. Annual mean temperatures increased 1–2° during the period, consistent with the decadal trend across the North American boreal biome. We found that ecosystem carbon exchange responded strongly to air temperature, moisture status, potential evapotranspiration, and summertime solar radiation. The seasonal cycle of ecosystem respiration significantly lagged that of photosynthesis, limited by the rate of soil thaw and the slow drainage of the soil column. Factors acting over long time scales, especially water table depth, strongly influenced the carbon budget on annual time scales. Net uptake was enhanced and respiration inhibited by multiple years of rainfall in excess of evaporative demand. Contrary to expectations, we observed no correlation between longer growing seasons and net uptake, possibly because of offsetting increases in ecosystem respiration. The results indicate that the interactions between soil thaw and water table depth provide critical controls on carbon exchange in boreal forests underlain by peat, on seasonal to decadal time scales, and these factors must be simulated in terrestrial biosphere models to predict response of these regions to future climate.     

长期施用有机无机肥对潮土微生物群落的影响

微生物群落结构是土壤生态系统变化的预警及敏感指标,可用于表征土壤质量及其生态功能变化。本文用磷脂脂肪酸法研究了有机肥和NPK肥料长期施用对华北平原潮土微生物群落结构的影响及其变化特征。结果表明：长期施用有机和无机肥不仅提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾等含量,改善了土壤酸碱度,而且显著增加了土壤微生物生物量,其中以有机肥的效果最为明显,增幅达到15.4%。长期施用肥料有机肥也改变了土壤微生物的群落结构,提高了细菌数量,降低了放线菌含量,而对真菌数量没有明显影响,导致真菌与细菌的比值下降。主成分分析表明,长期施用有机肥的土壤,细菌以含a19:0、br14:0、16:1w5c和17:1w9而真菌以含18:1w10c的微生物为优势种群,NPK处理土壤中细菌以含18:1w7、i19:0、br18:0、16:1w7t和a15:0的微生物为优势种群,CK处理中没有明显的优势种群。     

长期施肥对农田黑土r-K策略菌群的影响

直接参与土壤养分代谢周转过程的土壤微生物群落是土壤肥力质量的重要衡量指标。本文研究了长期施肥对农田黑土细菌和真菌r-K策略菌群(生态生理功能)的影响。结果表明:施肥处理菌群生长的均匀度和丰富度有所降低,细菌和真菌生态生理指数(EP)降低幅度分别为0.019～0.106和0.023～0.185。各处理K策略菌数量均大于相应的r策略菌。施肥能增加土壤r策略细菌数量,但不利于r策略真菌生长。与CK相比,r-K策略细菌和K策略真菌数量在单施中量有机肥处理中增幅最大;有机肥与化肥配施处理r-K策略细菌和K策略真菌数量高于单施同种化肥处理。在K策略菌占优势下,施用化肥有利于r策略菌比率提高,而有机肥与化肥配施倾向于使K策略菌比率增加。相关性分析表明,K策略菌群与土壤N素呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),可能是影响土壤N素循环的关键菌群。     

Plant-mediated effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on peat microbial communities of a subarctic mire

Elevated ultraviolet‐B (UVB) radiation has been reported to have few effects on plants but to alter the soil microbial community composition. However, the effects on soil microorganisms have to be mediated via plants, because direct radiation effects are only plausible on the uppermost millimeters of soil. Here, we assessed secondary effects of UVB on soil microbes. The responses in the dominant plant Eriophorum russeolum, peat pore water and microbial communities in the peat were recorded at a subarctic mire in the middle of the third growing season under field exposure simulating 20% depletion in the ozone layer. The UVB treatment significantly reduced the sucrose and the total soluble sugar (sucrose+glucose+fructose) concentration of the plant leaves while increasing the sucrose concentration in the belowground storage organ rhizome. The starch concentration of the leaves was also slightly reduced by elevated UVB. In the plant roots, carbohydrate concentrations remained unaffected but the total phenolics concentration increased under elevated UVB. We suggest that the simultaneously observed decrease in bacterial growth rate and the altered bacterial community composition are due to UVB‐induced changes in the plant photosynthate allocation and potential changes in root exudation. There were no effects of elevated UVB on microbial biomass, peat pore water or nutrient concentrations in the peat. The observed responses are in line with the previously reported lower ecosystem dark respiration under elevated UVB, and they signify that the changed plant tissue quality and lower bacterial activity are likely to reduce decomposition.     

Interactions among fungal community structure, litter decomposition and depth of water table in a cutover peatland

Peatlands are important reservoirs of carbon (C) but our understanding of C cycling on cutover peatlands is limited. We investigated the decomposition over 18 months of five types of plant litter (Calluna vulgaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Picea sitchensis and Sphagnum auriculatum) at a cutover peatland in Scotland, at three water tables. We measured changes in C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the litter and used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to investigate changes in fungal community composition. The C content of S. auriculatum litter did not change throughout the incubation period whereas vascular plant litters lost 30-40% of their initial C. There were no differences in C losses between low and medium water tables, but losses were always significantly less at the high water table. Most litters accumulated N and E. angustifolium accumulated significant quantities of P. C, N and P were significant explanatory variables in determining changes in fungal community composition but explained <25% of the variation. Litter type was always a stronger factor than water table in determining either fungal community composition or turnover of C, N and P in litter. The results have implications for the ways restoration programmes and global climate change may impact upon nutrient cycling in cutover peatlands.     

温度和水分变化对冻土区泥炭地土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响

以大兴安岭多年冻土区泥炭地为研究对象,通过室内模拟增温实验,研究温度升高对不同深度（0-150 cm）土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响。同时针对0-20 cm和20-40 cm土壤设置两个水分处理,分别为土壤原始含水量和淹水状态,研究水分变化对表层土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响。结果表明温度升高显著提高了活动层（0-60 cm）、过渡层（60-80 cm）、永冻层（80-100 cm）中nifH、nirK基因丰度,温度升高显著提高了活动层（0-40 cm）和过渡层（60-80 cm）中nirS基因丰度。温度升高显著提高了过渡层（60-80 cm）NH₄⁺-N和较深永冻层（140-150 cm）NO₃^--N的含量,但降低了过渡层（60-80 cm）NO₃^--N和较深永冻层（120-150 cm）NH₄⁺-N的含量,相关性分析表明,NH₄⁺-N含量与nifH和nirS基因丰度呈显著正相关,NO₃^--N含量与nirK基因丰度呈显著正相关,说明温度升高能够通过改变微生物丰度促进过渡层固氮作用和反硝化作用。在增温条件下,淹水处理使表层土壤nirS和nirK基因丰度及NH₄⁺-N含量降低,但提高了NO₃^--N含量,说明淹水造成了过度还原的条件使反硝化底物浓度降低,降低反硝化微生物活性进而抑制了土壤反硝化作用。该结果对于明确未来气候变化影响下冻土区泥炭地土壤氮循环过程具有重要意义。     

水位下降对若尔盖泥炭地垂直剖面土壤甲烷产生及厌氧氧化潜势的影响

泥炭地是主要的甲烷（CH₄）排放源,甲烷循环过程对水位变化响应敏感。研究选取两块具有水位差异的泥炭地土壤,通过厌氧培养实验探究水位变化对泥炭地甲烷产生和甲烷厌氧氧化（Methane Anaerobic Oxidation,AOM）潜势的影响,并分析影响其潜势大小的生物地球化学因子。结果显示,高水位泥炭地（0 cm） CH₄产生累积量为（0.89±0.01）μg/g,要显著高于低水位（-30 cm：（0.70±0.03）μg/g）泥炭地甲烷产生量,但低水位AOM累积量要显著高于高水位泥炭地（0 cm：（2829.93±35.99）μg/g）,低水位泥炭地AOM量为（3588.06±24.78）μg/g。通过相关性分析发现甲烷产生潜势与含水量和DOC具有显著相关性,AOM潜势与含水量、pH、DOC具有显著相关性,含水量和DOC是影响若尔盖泥炭地甲烷产生及AOM潜势大小的重要因子。此外,发现高水位泥炭地甲烷产生潜势对温度升高的响应较为明显,特别是表层土壤（0-20 cm）。本研究明确了水位变化对若尔盖泥炭地甲烷产生及AOM潜势的影响特征,估算了全国泥炭地甲烷产生及AOM潜势的大小,以期为减缓全球气候变暖提供一定的理论支撑。     

氯嘧磺隆对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法研究了黑龙江省苇河地区不同氯嘧磺隆施药历史下土壤微生物群落结构的差异, 并测定了土壤中氯嘧磺隆的残留量.结果表明：不同施药历史下氯嘧磺隆在土壤中的残留量均很低;随着施用氯嘧磺隆年限的增加,土壤微生物的PLFA总量减少, 革兰氏阴性菌/革兰氏阳性菌（GN/GP）和真菌/细菌比降低,土壤微生物的压力指数增加.主成分分析表明,氯嘧磺隆显著改变了大豆田土壤微生物群落结构.     

Microbial Community Responses to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment in a Warm-Temperate Forest

Forest productivity depends on nutrient supply, and sustained increases in forest productivity under elevated carbon dioxide (CO₂) may ultimately depend on the response of microbial communities to changes in the quantity and chemistry of plant-derived substrates, We investigated microbial responses to elevated CO₂ in a warm-temperate forest under free-air CO₂ enrichment for 5 years (1997–2001). The experiment was conducted on three 30 m diameter plots under ambient CO₂ and three plots under elevated CO₂ (200 ppm above ambient). To understand how microbial processes changed under elevated CO₂, we assayed the activity of nine extracellular enzymes responsible for the decomposition of labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) substrates and the release of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from soil organic matter. Enzyme activities were measured three times per year in a surface organic horizon and in the top 15 cm of mineral soil. Initially, we found significant increases in the decomposition of labile C substrates in the mineral soil horizon under elevated CO₂; this overall pattern was present but much weaker in the O horizon. Beginning in the 4th year of this study, enzyme activities in the O horizon declined under elevated CO₂, whereas they continued to be stimulated in the mineral soil horizon. By year 5, the degradation of recalcitrant C substrates in mineral soils was significantly higher under elevated CO₂. Although there was little direct effect of elevated CO₂ on the activity of N- and P-releasing enzymes, the activity of nutrient-releasing enzymes relative to those responsible for C metabolism suggest that nutrient limitation is increasingly regulating microbial activity in the O horizon. Our results show that the metabolism of microbial communities is significantly altered by the response of primary producers to elevated CO₂. We hypothesize that ecosystem responses to elevated CO₂ are shifting from primary production to decomposition as a result of increasing nutrient limitation.     

积雪覆盖变化对大兴安岭多年冻土区土壤微生物群落结构的影响

高纬度多年冻土区是全球变化的敏感区域,揭示不同雪被覆盖条件下土壤微生物群落结构的演变规律,对于预测寒区森林生态系统对全球变化的响应具有重要意义。以大兴安岭多年冻土区白桦次生林为研究对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFA)对比分析自然积雪和遮雪处理土壤微生物群落结构的动态变化特征。结果表明:土壤总磷脂脂肪酸含量在植被生长季初期最高,积雪稳定期最低,其中含量较高的PLFA为18:2ω6,9c、a15:0、i16:0、17:1ω8c、18:1ω9c和16:1ω5c,不同时期各优势PLFA含量存在一定差异。遮雪显著降低积雪稳定期细菌PLFA含量、增加真菌PLFA含量(P<0.05),但对其他时期土壤微生物群落结构和多样性均未产生显著影响。冗余分析(RDA)表明,土壤总磷脂脂肪酸、真菌、真菌/细菌和革兰氏阴性菌与土壤含水量、pH和铵态氮均呈显著正相关,细菌和革兰氏阳性菌受土壤总磷、总氮和硝态氮影响较大。     

水位影响泥炭沼泽土壤有机碳分解的生物化学机制研究进展

在人类活动和气候变化影响下,泥炭沼泽生态系统急剧退化,其独特的氧化还原过程使得退化泥炭沼泽及其恢复过程中土壤有机碳（SOC）分解与存储机制成为研究的热点问题。泥炭沼泽排水/再湿过程会显著改变土壤的氧化还原条件,进而改变土壤微生物群落和酶活性,驱动铁氧化还原过程,影响SOC分解。已有研究对"缺氧是维持泥炭地碳存储的关键"的传统理论提出了质疑,而土壤酶及铁（Fe）在土壤SOC分解与存储过程中分别扮演着"酶锁"和"铁门"的作用,二者同时受到氧化还原条件的影响。然而,有关退化泥炭沼泽及其恢复过程中酶-土壤SOC-Fe相互作用及微生物驱动机制还有待深入。总结了干旱/排水/再湿对泥炭沼泽土壤SOC组分、分子结构、碳排放的影响,并从微生物、酶、Fe化学的角度归纳总结了泥炭沼泽土壤SOC分解的生物化学机制。未来研究中应将土壤水分与土壤SOC分解的生物地球化学机制联系起来,探寻水位变化过程中生物及非生物要素对土壤SOC分子结构变化的调控机制及土壤氧化酶-酚类物质/SOC分子结构-水解酶之间的作用机制。同时,关注Fe的氧化和还原过程,评估Fe-SOC在泥炭沼泽土壤有机碳中的地位,利用分子生物学手段探究水位变化过程中酶-SOC分解/碳排放-铁之间的权衡机制。     

土壤微生物群落结构对中亚热带三种典型阔叶树种凋落物分解过程的响应

通过小盆模拟试验研究了南方红壤丘陵区典型阔叶树种香樟、白栎和青冈的凋落物分解过程中土壤微生物群落结构的异同。结果表明:(1)凋落物含氮量:白栎>香樟>青冈;碳、木质素的含量以及碳/氮比、木质素/氮比:青冈>香樟>白栎;分解速率:白栎>香樟>青冈;(2)随着凋落物分解的进程,土壤微生物群落16 ∶ 0、15 ∶ 0、i16 ∶ 0、a17 ∶ 0、17 ∶ 0、18 ∶ 2ω6,9c和10Me18 ∶ 0的含量上升,18 ∶ 0、14 ∶ 0、16 ∶ 1ω7c、18 ∶ 1ω7c、cy19 ∶ 0、i19 ∶ 0和10Me19 ∶ 0的含量下降,饱和直链脂肪酸/单不饱和脂肪酸、革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌以及cy19 ∶ 0/18 ∶ 1ω7c的比值都显著上升。(3)两个时期白栎凋落物处理土壤16 ∶ 0、15 ∶ 0、a15 ∶ 0、i16 ∶ 0、a17 ∶ 0、 17 ∶ 0、cy19 ∶ 0、18 ∶ 2ω6,9c、18 ∶ 1ω9c和10Me18 ∶ 0的含量显著高于香樟和青冈凋落物处理的土壤,细菌、真菌的磷脂脂肪酸含量以及磷脂脂肪酸总量显著高于香樟和青冈凋落物处理的土壤。随着阔叶凋落物的分解,变化的土壤环境对土壤微生物群落的胁迫增强,土壤微生物群落结构发生显著变化。与香樟和青冈的凋落物相比,白栎凋落物碳/氮比和木质素/氮比低、分解快,能显著改善土壤微生物群落结构,更有利于土壤肥力提高和生态系统养分循环的改善。     

氮磷添加对杉木根叶分解残余物微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响

为揭示根、叶分解残余物对生态系统养分循环相关过程的影响,研究了分解第3年杉木根残余物（凋_R）和叶残余物（凋_L）中的微生物群落结构（环丙基脂肪酸/前体结构,Cy/pre;单不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸,Mono/sat;真菌/细菌,F/B;革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌,G⁺/G^-）、酶活性（β-葡萄糖苷酶,βG;β-N-乙酰氨基葡糖苷酶,NAG;酸性磷酸酶,AP）、化学元素含量及计量比对氮磷添加的响应。结果表明：（1）与凋_R相比,凋_L中的Cy/pre、F/B、G⁺/G^-低,Mono/sat高。氮磷添加对分解残余物微生物群落结构影响不显著。（2）与凋_R相比,凋_L中的βG和NAG活性高、βG/AP大。氮磷添加抑制了AP活性,提高了βG/NAG及βG/AP。且氮磷添加对凋_R的AP活性抑制作用更强,对凋_L的βG/NAG提升幅度更大。（3）分解残余物中的Mono/sat、G+/G、F/B分别与锰含量、磷/钙、氮含量正相关;AP、βG/NAG分别与氮/磷、磷/铁正相关;βG/AP、NAG、βG分别与氮/锰、磷/镁、氮/钙负相关。表明根、叶分解残余物仍可对生态系统养分循环相关过程产生不同影响,考虑分解残余物类型可提高全球变化背景下生态系统养分循环过程预报精度。     

Peat CO2 production in a natural and cutover peatland: Implications for restoration

Although studies have shown that peatland drainage andharvesting alter local hydrology, microclimate, and peatcharacteristics, little is known about the effects of these changes onCO₂ production rates. This study examines the differentfactors affecting CO₂ production from natural and cutoverpeatlands. Laboratory peat incubations were performed under aerobic andanaerobic conditions to determine the influence of temperature, soilmoisture, and peat depth on CO₂ production rates from peatsamples taken from: (1) a natural peatland; (2) a 2-yearpost-cutover peatland and; (3) a 7-year post-cutover peatland.CO₂ production rates ranged from 0.21 to 4.87 µmolg^–1 d^–1 under anaerobic conditions,and from 0.37 to 15.69 µmol g^–1d^–1 in the aerobic trials. While no significantdifferences were found between the CO₂ production rates ofthe two cutover sites, the natural site consistently displayed higherproduction values. The natural site was also the only site to exhibitstrong depth dependent trends, thus indicating the importance of theupper peat layer with respect to substrate quality. Higher productionrates were found under aerobic than anaerobic conditions, with thegreatest response to oxygen observed at the natural site. Productionrates increased with both temperature and soil moisture, with maximumproduction rates found at 20 °C and 92% moisture content.Temperature responses were generally greater at the cutover sites, whilesoil moisture had greater effects on the natural site peat.Results of this work agree with previous studies that suggest that itis essential to begin restoration once a cutover peatland is abandoned.Re-wetting a cutover peatland (through restoration practices) isnecessary to prevent an increase in peat temperature and CO₂production since cutover peat has higher Q₁₀ values thannatural peat. A decrease in overall peatland oxidation should reduce thepersistent source of atmospheric CO₂ from cutover peatlandsand the irreversible changes in peat structure that impedeSphagnum re-establishment.     

气温上升对草地土壤微生物群落结构的影响

在 2 0世纪内 ,全球气温已经上升了 0 .6℃ ,并预计到本世纪末仍将上升 1.4～ 5 .8℃。全球气候变暖对生态系统的潜在影响 ,生态系统对气温上升的反馈已成为国际生态学界的研究热点 ,而且所研究的系统也已经从过去简化的模拟系统到复杂的真实生态系统。但是 ,现有对真实生态系统的研究大部分集中在地上植物群落和土壤气体交换等领域 ,对在土壤有机碳分解和保护中起决定作用的土壤微生物研究较少。为此 ,在美国大平原地区进行人工提高气温 (上升 1.8℃ ) ,来研究土壤微生物对气温上升的反应。结果表明 :增温对土壤微生物的总生物量没有显著效应 ,但可以提高微生物的 C∶ N比。另外 ,磷脂肪酸分析发现 ,气温上升显著降低土壤微生物量中的细菌比重 ,提高真菌的份额 ,从而显著提高了群落中真菌与细菌的比值。而且 ,通过对土壤微生物底物利用方式和磷脂肪酸特征的主成份分析 ,发现增温导致了土壤微生物群落结构的转变。可见 ,气温上升可能是通过提高土壤微生物中真菌的优势 ,而导致群落结构的变化。该变化将可以提高微生物对土壤有机碳的利用效率 ,并利于土壤有机碳的保护