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I. Lackmann 《Planta》1971,98(3):258-269
Summary The biosynthesis of anthocyanin in tissue cultures and intact seedlings of Haplopappus gracilis is a light-dependent reaction which can be induced by blue light only. Anthocyanin appeared in all organs of the seedling.Wounding of the plant led to an increase in the content of anthocyanin due to increased anthocyanin synthesis in the cotyledons.The action spectra of anthocyanin formation in tissue cultures and intact seedlings have two peaks, one at 438 nm and the other at 372 nm. The limit of activity in the direction of longer wavelengths lies between 474 and 493 nm. Red light of short and long wavelength is ineffective in the induction of pigment synthesis. The photoreceptor of the light reaction is supposed to be a yellow pigment (flavoprotein or carotinoid). In contrast to the intact plants, isolated cotyledons and wounded seedlings are able to form anthocyanin not only in the blue region but also during irradiation with red light of high intensity. The action spectrum of anthocyanin synthesis in the isolated cotyledons has a marked maximum at about 440 nm and a second one at about 660 nm. A little activity can be observed throughout the visible spectrum. The pigment synthesis induced by red light can be completely suppressed by DCMU, an inhibitor of photosynthesis. This indicates that in the case of the activity in the red light caused by wounding chlorophyll serves as photoreceptor.The anthocyanin synthesis in tissue cultures and seedlings could not be influenced by low energy radiation in the red or in the far red region, even after induction of anthocyanin synthesis by blue light of high intensity. Therefore it seems that the phytochrome system is not involved in anthocyanin synthesis in Haplopappus gracilis.  相似文献   

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An der Biosynthese der roten Wandfarbstoffe von Sphagnum magellanicum (Abb. 1) ist der Phenylpropanstoffwechsel beteiligt. Das Schlüsselenzym der Phenylpropansynthese, die L-Phenylalanin-Ammonium-Lyase (PAL), wird durch daß Phenylalanin-Analogon L-α-Aminooxy-β-phenylpropionsäure (AOPP) kompetitiv gehemmt. Der Ki-Wert beträgt 3,7·10—8 M. Appliziert man den Inhibitor in vivo unter Bedingungen, die die Wandfarbstoffsynthese normalerweise auslösen, steigt der endogene Phenylalaningehalt etwa auf daß Dreifache des Wertes der Kontrollen, und die Umfärbung bleibt aus. In übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen der Strukturaufklärung folgt daraus, daß zumindest der Ring E und die C-Atome 2, 3 und 4 aus Phenylpropanvorstufen entstehen. Untersuchungen zum PAL-Aktivitätsverlauf im Verlaufe der Pig  相似文献   

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P. Boysen Jensen 《Planta》1928,5(3):464-477
Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 7 Textabbildungen.  相似文献   

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J. Reinert  D. Backs  M. Krosing 《Planta》1966,68(4):375-378
Summary The cultivation of tissues from domestic forms of Umbellifera (Daucus carota, Apium-graveolens) on simple, synthetic media resulted in the production of adventive embryos if the salts and trace elements of White's medium were replaced by those of the formula of Murashige and Skoog. In contrast to results with embryos from different seeds the positive effect of these components on the production and the early development of the adventive embryos in the tissue cultures obviously was not dependent on the occurrence of reduced nitrogen (NH4NO3) in one of the two media used.  相似文献   

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Rudolf Tischner 《Planta》1976,132(3):285-290
Summary Nitrate- and nitrite-reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.1. and E.C. 1.6.6.4.) activities were determined during the light-dark changes in two completely synchronized Chlorella strains. A sharp increase of both enzyme activities during the first light hour was found in Chl. vulgaris forma tertia, a smaller one in Chl. pyrenoidosa. The rise in enzyme activity could only be inhibited by actidione but not by antibiotics which inhibit plastidic protein synthesis. It can therefore be concludet that light causes a de novo synthesis of both enzymes on cytoplasmic ribosomes. It is assumed that light effects a release of substances to the cytoplasm, probably formed during CO2-fixation, which can effect a cytoplasmic protein synthesis.
Abkürzungen DCMU 3-(3,4 dichlorphenyl)-1,1-Dimethylharnstoff - DTE 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutan - FMN Flavinmononucleotid - GAP Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat - LDW Licht-Dunkel-Wechsel - NAR Nitratreduktase - NIR Nitritreduktase - PGS 3-Phosphoglycerinsäure - RudPCo Ribulose-1,5-diphosphat Carboxylase, 7 - 10 7 bzw 10 Dunkelstunden  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Die Protoplasten der obligat aeroben Hefe Rhodotorula gracilis wurden hinsichtlich ihrer charakteristischen physiologischen und Transporteigenschaften mit intakten Zellen verglichen. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden gewonnen: 1. Endogene und durch d-Glucose stimulierte Atmung entsprach den Werten von intakten Hefezellen. 2. d-Glucose wurde von Protoplasten aus dem Medium aufgenommen und abgebaut. 3. Die Aufnahme von d-Xylose führte zu vielfacher Akkumulation der Pentose im Zellinnern. Nach 50 min wurde ein für den Xyloseabbau induziertes System wirksam. 4. Bei Zugabe im Gemisch wurde die Aufnahme von d-Xylose durch d-Glucose unterbunden. 5. Akkumulierte d-Xylose wurde bei Zugabe von d-Glucose im Austauschtransport durch den mobilen Träger aus der Zelle heraus befördert. 6. Der Zuckertransport, gemessen an der d-Xyloseaufnahme, war streng stoffwechselenergieabhängig und wurde durch Entkoppler vollständig gehemmt.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Stoffwechsel- und Transportfunktionen der intakten Hefezellen in ihren Protoplasten vollstädig erhalten bleiben. Die Anwendung von R. gracilis-Protoplasten zur Klärung spezieller Fragestellungen ergab: 1. Der Transport von d-Trehalose erfolgte nach extracellulärer Spaltung des Disaccharides durch Aufnahme der entstandenen Glucose. 2. Densitometrische Messungen an Protoplastensuspensionen zeigten sich geeignet zur kontinuierlichen Aufzeichnung von Zuckeraufnahmevorgängen.
Protoplasts from the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis II. Physiological and transport properties
The protoplasts of the obligatory aerobic yeast Rhodotorula gracilis (5/Fres/Harrison) were compared with the intact yeast cells with respect to the identity of their physiological and transport properties. It was found: 1. The rates of endogenous and glucose-stimulated respiration of protoplasts were similar to those of the whole cells. 2. d-glucose was taken up from the medium with constant velocity; no free glucose could be detected inside the protoplasts. 3. The uptake of d-xylose led to manifold accumulation of the pentose intracellularly. Within 50 min incubation an enzyme system for the degradation of d-xylose became effective. 4. In a mixture of d-xylose and d-glucose the latter blocked the uptake of the pentose. 5. d-xylose once accumulated was exchanged by the mobile membrane carrier for d-glucose after its addition to the protoplast suspension. 6. Addition of NaN3 or CCCP resulted in an inhibition of d-xylose uptake. The transport process is tightly coupled to cell metabolism.It is concluded that the metabolic and transport functions of R. gracilis protoplasts equal those of the intact yeast cells. The application of the protoplasts to study some special transport problems revealed: 1. In the course of d-trehalose uptake the disaccharide was cleaved to glucose, which was actually transported across the cell membrane. 2. Densitometry of protoplasts suspensions was found suitable for the continuous recording of sugar uptake processes. This observation is of special importance for further investigations of the oscillations in sugar transport observed earlier (Heller and Höfer, 1973).


Herrn Professor Dr. Maximilian Steiner zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

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