工布乌碱的结构

从工布乌头 (Aconitumkongboense)根中分出 17个去甲二萜生物碱 ,其中一种为大渡乌碱型C19 二萜生物碱新生物碱工布乌碱 (kongboendine) 1。由光谱法 (1H 和13 C NMR、2D NMR和MS)确定其结构。     

珙桐枝皮中的生物碱甙成分研究

从珙桐枝皮甲醇提取物的水溶性部分得到3个配糖体化合物,经核磁共振和质谱等光谱分析鉴定为1个喹啉类生物碱甙-pumiloside(1)和2个吲哚类生物碱甙-vincosamide(2),strictosidinic acid(3),其中pumiloside是抗肿瘤物质喜树碱的一种生物合成前体,这3个化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

丽江乌头中的一个新二萜生物碱

从丽江乌头根中分离、鉴定了三个二萜生物碱成分,其中碱Ⅰ、碱Ⅱ分别为已知成分阿克诺辛(aconosine)和嘟拉碱(dolaconine);碱Ⅲ为一新的C_(18)-型二萜生物碱,从MS、IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR等光谱数据推定了其结构,并命名为丽日碱甲(liconosine A)。     

大理翠雀中的新二萜生物碱

从大理翠雀根中分到五个二萜生物碱成分,其中两个成分分别鉴定为methylly-caconitine(3)和delsemine(4)。另三个成分为新二萜生物碱,命名为大理翠雀碱甲(talitine A)、大理翠雀碱乙(talitine B)及大理翠雀碱丙(talitine C)。经质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱等解析,碱乙和碱丙的化学结构分别为(1)和(2),碱甲的结构另文报告。     

药用异喹啉生物碱的研究 Ⅳ.峨眉紫堇生物碱

从峨眉紫堇(Corydalis omeienensis)的根茎中分得十二种生物碱、经UV,IR,[α]_D,CD,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,MS及物理性质鉴定了它的结构。其中,(-)-tetrahydrocorysamine,为(-)-13-methylprotoberbrine类生物碱,为第二次从植物中获得,至今报导过的该类生物碱从天然得到的也仅此一个。     

拟螺距翠雀花中的新二萜生物碱

从拟螺距翠雀花的根中分离、鉴定了六个二萜生物碱成分,其中三个为已知成分,分别为methyllycaconitine(1)、ajacine(2)和delsemine(3);另三个为新二萜生物碱,分别命名为螺翠碱甲(bulleyanitine A)、螺翠碱乙(bulleyanitine B)和螺翠碱丙(bulleyanitine C),纤MS、IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR及DEPT等光谱的解析证明其化学结构分别为(4)、(5)、(6)。     

紫乌头中的二萜生物碱研究

从紫乌头(Aconitum episcopale Levl.)全草中分离出五个二萜生物碱,其中一个为首次从自然界得到,通过光谱分析鉴定为 deacetylbeterophy-lloidine(?),其余四个化合物分别鉴定为 heterophylloidine(?),song-orine(?),talatisamine(?),14-acetyltalatisamine(?),均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

安徽小檗生物碱成分的研究

安徽小檗(Berberis anhweiensis Ahrendt)的酸水提取部分进行硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,并通过波谱学方法,鉴定出6个原小檗碱型生物碱,分别为小檗碱(1)、巴马汀(2)、dehydroeapaurinine(3)、药根碱(4)、非洲防己碱(5)和jatrorubine(6).这6种生物碱均为首次从安徽小檗中分得.其中巴马汀的含量比大多数小檗科其他植物高.     

深裂黄草乌二萜生物碱研究

深裂黄草乌(Aconitum vilmorinianum var.altifidum W. T.Wang)又名西南乌头、紫乌头、藤乌,主要分布于云南东北部、贵州西部和四川西部(泸定、天全)海拔2800m的山地。块根可祛风散寒、除湿止痛,民间也用于解乌头中毒。其化学成分未见报道。本文从深裂黄草乌全草中分离鉴定了3个二萜生物碱,一个为C-19骨架类型,两个为C-20骨架类型。其中一个为新化合物,是C-20骨架类型二萜生物碱,命名为深裂黄草乌碱vilmorinianine(Ⅰ),另两个化合物是denudatine(Ⅱ)和deoxyaconitine(Ⅲ),均首次从该植物中得到。     

多刺绿绒蒿中的一个新生物碱类化合物（英文）

多刺绿绒蒿在藏区是一种非常重要的民间用药。该植物中已发现多种生物碱,其中很多都具有显著的生物活性。用正相硅胶、ODS柱色谱从多刺绿绒蒿的地上部分分离得到了三个生物碱,根据其质谱、红外、核磁等波普数据鉴定结构,分别为(6a-S)-des-N-methyl-(+)-cryprochine(1),华紫堇碱(2)及原鸦片碱(3),其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2为首次在该植物中分离得到。     

Agricultural animals as a source of yersiniosis

The role of agricultural animals as the sources of infection was studied. 8 Yersinia strains were isolated from 83 samples taken from cattle. Yersinia were isolated from feces, udder washings and milk. In the examination of 63 samples obtained from sheep the infective agent was isolated from feces in 6 cases. 6 Yersinia strains were isolated from 92 fecal samples taken from pigs. Y. enterocolitica were isolated from sick animals. The isolated strains were classified with serovars 03, 058, 08 and 09. In the foci of animal infection thus revealed antibodies to various Yersinia strains were detected in the blood sera of the animal-tending personnel, which indicates the professional character of the spread of this infection among humans. The infection is probably transferred by the contact and alimentary routes.     

银杏内生菌的分离及其抑菌活性筛选

从健康的银杏（Ginkgo biloba）茎和叶片中分离内生菌,结果从银杏叶和茎上共分离到内生真菌20株,其中9株来自银杏茎部,11株来自银杏叶部;内生放线菌23株,其中15株来自于银杏茎部,8株来自于银杏叶部;内生细菌15株,其中8株来自于银杏茎部,7株来自于银杏叶部。以金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、枯草芽胞杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）作为指示菌,采用双层平板法对内生菌进行抑菌活性筛选,结果表明：20株内生真菌中有12株出现了抑菌活性,有抑菌活性菌株的比例为60.0%;23株内生放线菌中,仅3株出现了抑菌活性,有抑菌活性菌株的比例为13.0%;15株内生细菌中,有4株出现了抑菌活性,有抑菌活性菌株的比例为26.7%。     

Preliminary studies on the characterization and distribution of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species on animal skin.

A total of 221 strains of staphylococci and 98 strains of micrococci isolated from the skins of Eastern gray squirrels, Southern flying squirrels, raccoons, opossums, squirrel monkeys, swine, sheep, horses, cattle, and dogs were characterized in a preliminary attempt to resolve their natural relationships and distribution in nature. Staphylococci demonstrating the widest host range included Staphylococcus xylosus and unnamed Staphylococcus sp. 3. Unnamed Staphylococcus sp. 2 was isolated only from sheep, Staphylococcus sp. 4 only from opossums, Staphylococcus sp. 5 only from squirrel monkeys, and Staphylococcus sp. 6 only from swine. The predominant species isolated from human skin, including S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, and S. capitis, were either not isolated or only rarely isolated from animal skin. Micrococcus varians was the predominant Micrococcus species isolated from animal skin. M. luteus was only occasionally isolated. M. lylae, M. sedentarius, M. roseus, M. kristinae, and M. nishinomiyaensis, species occasionally isolated from human skin, were not isolated from animal skin.     

烧伤病房患者创面金葡菌分布及耐药性分析

目的分析烧伤病房患者不同创面金葡菌的分布及耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药提供依据。方法对2006年1月至2013年12月间中国人民解放军第八五医院烧伤病房患者创面分离出金葡菌,采用K—B纸片扩散法进行药物敏感试验。分析金葡菌的耐药性,并对难愈性创面、非难愈性创面的耐甲氧西林金葡菌（MRSA）与甲氧西林敏感金葡菌（MSSA）的耐药性进行对比分析。结果分离出金葡菌112株,其中难愈性创面有70株MRSA和17株MSSA来自难愈性创面,16株MRSA和9株MSSA来自非难愈性创面。金葡菌对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素的耐药率较高（分别为94．64％、81．25％和74．11％）,对复方新诺明、呋喃妥因的耐药率较低（分别为16．07％和1．79％）,对万古霉素、利奈唑烷的耐药率为0。MRSA的耐药率高于MSSA。来源于难愈性创面与非难愈性创面的MRSA仅在对利福平的耐药率上有明显差异,而来源于两创面的MSSA的耐药率无明显差异。结论创面金葡菌中MRSA的构成比高,难愈性创面MRSA耐药严重,应积极防控创面MRSA感染和扩散。     

Pathogenic characteristics of Escherichia coli strains in cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections

The aim of this study was to examine if E. coli isolated from asymptomatic bacteriuria differed in pathogenic features from strains isolated from symptomatic infections of urinary tract. In this study 130 strains of E. coli isolated from women having asymptomatic bacteriuria and 112 strains isolated from patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection were examined. It was shown that E. coli isolated from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection showed the more frequently ability to cause mannose-resistant haemagglutination of human erythrocytes, resistance to bactericidal activity of serum and haemolytic properties than those isolated from asymptomatic bacteriuria. These strains showed also the higher ability to adhere to Vero cells in tissue culture. Among E. coli strains isolated from persons with asymptomatic bacteriuria the pathogenic features were most frequently found in strains from healthy women and the most rarely in isolated from diabetic women.     

The flavonol glycosides in the fruit of Pyrus communis L. cultivar Bon Chrétien

1. Two new flavonol glycosides were isolated from the fruit of Pyrus communis L. cultivar Bon Chrétien. These were identified as isorhamnetin 3-rhamnogalactoside and a derivative of isorhamnetin 3-glucoside which was associated (possibly acylated) with an unknown aliphatic organic acid. 2. The melting point of isorhamnetin 3-glucoside isolated from Bon Chrétien pears is different from that of isorhamnetin 3-glucoside previously isolated from Argemone mexicana and Calendula officinalis. 3. Isorhamnetin 3-rhamnoglucoside was isolated from the fruit of Pyrus communis L. cultivar Bon Chrétien. This glycoside appears to be identical with narcissin, previously isolated from Narcissus tazetta and Lilium auratum. 4. Isoquercitrin, previously reported to be present in pear leaves, was isolated from the fruit of Bon Chrétien pears. 5. The isolated glycosides were present in the peels and flesh of the fruit, but were absent from the cores.     

Isolation for bacteria and fungi for the hydrolysis of phthalate and terephthalate esters

Bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from enrichment cultures using diethylphthalate, diethylterephthalate, or ethylene glycol dibenzoate as sole carbon sources.Aureobacterium, Flavobacterium, andMicrococcus species were isolated from diethylphthalate enrichments;Rhodococcus andXanthomonas species were isolated from diethylterephthalate enrichments;Rhodococcus andFusarium species were isolated from ethylene glycol dibenzoate enrichments.     

Nonenzymatic isolation of Trichinella pseudospiralis infective L1 larvae at pH 7.4

Over half of the number of Trichinella pseudospiralis infective L1 larvae recovered from host carcasses by pepsin-HCl digestion were isolated from homogenized carcasses incubated in HBSS. More worms isolated by the latter method were viable compared to those isolated by pepsin-HCl digestion. When host carcasses infected with T. pseudospiralis were diced into pieces and incubated in HBSS, 30% more worms were recovered than from homogenized carcasses incubated in HBSS as above, and the majority of worms acquired by the former method were viable. The infectivity of T. pseudospiralis infective L1 larvae isolated from homogenized muscle in HBSS was 3.9 times greater than that for larvae recovered from homogenized carcasses by pepsin-HCl digestion. Only 4% and 0.8% of the number of T. spiralis recovered from homogenized muscle by pepsin-HCl digestion were isolated from homogenized or diced muscle incubated in HBSS, respectively. Fewer T. spiralis isolated from homogenized tissue in HBSS were viable compared to those recovered from homogenized carcasses digested in pepsin-HCl or diced carcasses incubated in HBSS.     

Characteristics of staphylococci isolated from man, poultry and some other animals

Of 281 strains of staphylococci isolated from man and animals 36 (12.8%) were coagulase-positive and 245 (87.2%) were coagulase-negative. Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. intermedius were the commonest coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from the hosts examined. Of the 20 strains that remained unclassifiable, 14 were isolated from sheep and goats.     

Characterization and genetic variability of Fusarium verticillioides strains isolated from corn and sorghum in Brazil based on fumonisins production, microsatellites, mating type locus, and mating crosses

Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A) is a producer of fumonisins and one of the main contaminants of corn grains. In Brazil, some studies analyzing strains isolated from corn have demonstrated high levels of fumonisins, whereas the levels for strains isolated from sorghum have been found to be low. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of 22 F. verticillioides strains isolated from corn and 21 strains isolated from sorghum cultivated in the State of S?o Paulo, Brazil. Differences in the genetic profile were observed between the strains isolated from the two substrates using single primer amplification reaction by polymerase chain reaction (SPAR-PCR). Fumonisins levels were higher in strains isolated from corn than in those isolated from sorghum. The MAT-1 and MAT-2 alleles were identified by PCR, and the isolates were subsequently crossed with Fusarium thapsinum (G. fujikuroi mating population F) reference strains because this species is morphologically similar to F. verticillioides and produces low levels of fumonisins. The SPAR haplotypes of some strains isolated from sorghum were similar to the F. thapsinum reference strain haplotypes, but there was no fertile mating between the strains isolated from the two substrates and the F. thapsinum references strains. The MAT-1:MAT-2 proportion was 5:17 and 14:7 for isolates from corn and sorghum, respectively.