菘蓝CYP83A1基因的克隆、表达特性及原核表达分析

本研究对菘蓝CYP83A1基因进行了克隆、表达特性及原核表达研究。结果表明,IiCYP83A1基因组DNA全长为1 622 bp,包含2个外显子和1个内含子;cDNA全长为1 512 bp,编码503个氨基酸。IiCYP83A1编码的蛋白包含2个跨膜结构域,无信号肽,主要定位于内质网膜,属于亲水性蛋白,二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,与萝卜、欧洲油菜、西兰花和芜菁等植物的CYP83A1蛋白具有较高的同源性。qRT-PCR结果表明,IiCYP83A1在不同组织中的表达具有显著性差异,表现为茎叶果花和根;在幼苗期、生长期和花期的表达量显著高于萌芽期;茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和伤害处理能够显著促进该基因的表达,而低温(4℃)和水杨酸(SA)处理则对其表达具有一定的抑制作用。将克隆到的IiCYP83A1基因连接到表达载体pET-28a上,构建原核表达载体pET-28a-IiCYP83A1并对其进行原核表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,在E.coli BL21中成功诱导表达了CYP83A1蛋白,与预期蛋白分子量大小一致。本研究结果可为进一步研究IiCYP83A1的功能提供实验依据。     

小型猪CYP3A88基因克隆与其他动物的序列比较

目的克隆我国资源小型猪品系巴马香猪肝脏中的CYP3A88基因,并进行生物信息学分析。方法应用RACE（Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends）技术对其全长进行扩增,测序,利用Internet和GenBank数据库对其序列进行生物信息学分析。结果首次克隆并鉴定了我国资源小型猪品系巴马香猪肝脏中CYP3A88（GenBank登录号：EF625347）的编码区,获得大小为1965bp的全长cDNA,编码区长为1512bp,编码503个氨基酸;比较核苷酸序列,与小型猪CYP3A39相似性高达94%,而与人等其它动物的CYP3A相似性则在86%以下;推导和分析氨基酸序列表明,与小型猪CYP3A其它成员（CYP3A39、CYP3A29、CYP3A22）进行对比,其相似性分别为92%,89%,80%,而将小型猪与人的CYP3A分别比对,小型猪CYP3A88与人CYP3A4相似性最高,为77%;对其二级结构预测,它可能含12个α螺旋,4个β折叠;经NCBI上的CDD程序分析可知,其39～491氨基酸区域为P4503A亚家族保守结构区域;经聚类分析,小型猪和狗的CYP3A与人有较近的进化关系;通过同源建模法对其在线建模,人CYP3A4晶体结构作为其模建模型,得到了其经典的三维结构。结论在猪CYP3A家族四个基因中,CYP3A88在序列和高级结构上均与人CYP3A4的最为相似。     

热带假丝酵母1230细胞色素P450基因CYPA14与CYPA16的克隆和表达

细胞色素P450(CYP)是一种单加氧酶,在热带假丝酵母(Candidatropicalis)ω-氧化过程中发挥关键作用。通过对来源不同的P450基因进行同源性分析,首先克隆到热带假丝酵母1230中P450基因的部分序列,再利用基因组步行法克隆其未知序列,结果分别获得了两个P450同工酶基因CYPA14和CYPA16的完整序列。经PCR方法证实,二者在染色体上的位置相邻,其读码框分别编码522和540个氨基酸残基的肽链。经NCBIBLAST搜索比较后发现,二者与热带假丝酵母ATCC20336中的P450成员CYP52A14和CYP52A16分别编码的序列几乎完全一致,与热带假丝酵母ATCC750中的P450成员CYP52A2和CYP52A1也具有较高的相似性。同时,对经诱变后的几株二元酸生产菌株的CYPA14与CYPA16也进行了克隆和序列比较,发现部分序列中的个别氨基酸残基发生了突变。CYPA14和CYPA16均在酿酒酵母中获得了有效表达,其中CYPA16的P450表达含量高于CYPA14,后者有部分表达产物发生了变性。     

唐鱼细胞色素P450 1A基因cDNA克隆及分析

鱼类细胞色素P450 1A(CYP1A)基因作为一种有效的生物标志物已被广泛应用于环境污染物的评价,唐鱼在水环境污染监测中有较好的应用优势,为建立唐鱼在水环境的检测的有效生物标志物方法,本研究对其CYP1A基因进行克隆。利用RT-PCR法扩增出一条651bp的唐鱼CYP1A基因cDNA片段,该片段与其他物种的CYP1A基因具有很高的相似性。在此基础上进行5'端扩增和3'RACE获得了唐鱼CYP1A基因的全长cDNA序列,其长度为2177bp,其中编码区长1566bp,编码521个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,推测该蛋白质分子量大小为58.5kDa,理论等电点为5.65。所得序列具有CYP1A分子的主要特征和功能域,包括亚铁血红素结合区、酶功能所需的精氨酸密码子和终止密码子。推导出的氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、底鳉、虹鳟、大西洋鳕、人、鼠等脊椎动物同源性分别为87.7%、70.1%、76.2%、62.2%、54.5%、55.7%。     

实验用西藏小型猪CYP3A基因的克隆及序列分析

目的:克隆西藏小型猪CYP3A基因并与人及其它小型猪品种进行序列比对分析。方法:根据Genebank数据库设计引物,取西藏小型猪新鲜肝脏组织,Trizol法提取肝脏总RNA,应用RT-PCR反转获得肝脏cDNA。分别扩增基因CYP3A46、CYP3A22、CYP3A29及CYP3A39,PCR片段回收后分别连接pMD-18T载体,获得重组质粒pT-CYP3A,阳性重组克隆送测序。采用NCBI Blast及vector NTI软件进行序列比对分析。结果:CYP3A46、CYP3A22、CYP3A29及CYP3A39基因编码序列全长1512 bp,编码503个氨基酸,与人CYP3A4相同。其中CYP3A22和CYP3A39与NCBI记录巴马小型猪序列相同;CYP3A46与巴马小型猪CYP3A46(NM_001134824.1)有6个位点碱基不同。CYP3A29与巴马小型猪CYP3A46(EU918131.1)亦有6个位点碱基不同。对来自2个母本后代猪的基因经过PCR扩增后测序发现CYP3A46、CYP3A29序列完全一致。结论:成功克隆西藏小型猪CYP3A的4个基因,其中CYP3A46与人CYP3A4的序列相似性最高。所得CYP3A46与CYP3A29序列可能为西藏小型猪独有。     

草鱼CYP1A和ACT基因cDNA片段的克隆与鉴定

以Trizol法分别提取BNF诱导和对照处理草鱼的肝组织总RNA并合成cDNA第一链,以此为模板利用1对ACT特异性引物和(8条)6对CYP1A简并引物进行扩增。结果显示,引物对F0-R0在对照和诱导草鱼中均扩增得到预期ACTcDNA片段,而引物对F4-R4在诱导草鱼中获得预期CYP1A cDNA产物。这两个cDNA片段分别进行克隆、测序和比对,BLAST结果表明草鱼ACTcDNA片段(800 bp)与GenBank中ACT基因(登录号M25013)同源性为99.1%,推导氨基酸序列同源性为99.2%;草鱼CYP1A cDNA片段(439 bp)与鲤鱼同源性最高,为92.5%,推导氨基酸同源性为96.6%。上述序列提交GenBank,获得登录号分别为DQ211096和DQ211095。通过Mega 3.1软件的Neighbor-joining程序对CYP基因的部分cDNA序列和氨基酸序列进行比对分析并绘制进化树,根据CYP1A部分蛋白的系统发育关系,在进化上可以将参与比对的真骨鱼划分为4个主要的分支。     

家蚕P450基因CYP18A1的克隆、序列分析及转录活性

蜕皮激素对昆虫生长、发育和繁殖有重要调控作用,尤其对蜕皮和变态过程。利用GenBank上登录的蜕皮激素C₂₆羟基化酶候选基因CYP18A1的氨基酸序列对家蚕Bombyx mori全基因组数据库进行BLASTP比对,发现了家蚕直向同源基因(ortholog),其完全编码序列经RT-PCR检测和克隆、测序验证后,再以此为信息探针检索家蚕表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,EST)数据库进行拼接延伸,获得了一条包括5′非翻译区在内的长度为1 737 bp的cDNA序列,验证结果也表明与电子克隆序列完全一致(GenBank登录号为EF421988,P450命名委员会将其命名为CYP18A1)。该基因的开放阅读框为1 623 bp,编码541个氨基酸,含有包括P450s特征结构域在内的所有昆虫P450基因的5个保守结构域,其推定的分子量为61.67 kD,等电点为 8.54。将该基因cDNA序列与家蚕基因组序列进行比对,结果表明该基因具有6个外显子,5个内含子,外显子／内含子边界符合经典的GT-AG规则。同源性分析也发现家蚕CYP18A1与其他昆虫的直向同源基因具有较高相似性。用RT-PCR方法对家蚕主要发育变态时期与组织进行检测,显示出该基因的转录表达不仅具有时空特异性,而且在表达时期上与已报道的蚕体内蜕皮激素含量变化有紧密的一致性。该研究进一步证实了CYP18A1基因与昆虫体内蜕皮激素代谢平衡相关联。     

决明丙二酰CoA:ACP转酰基酶基因的克隆及序列分析

[目的]克隆决明丙二酰Co A:ACP转酰基酶(MCAT)基因并做序列分析。[方法]采用RACE法从c DNA中扩增出决明丙二酰Co A:ACP转酰基酶(MCAT)的CDS全长序列,推测出MCAT基因编码的氨基酸序列并进行序列分析。[结果]分析结果显示MCAT的CDS全长1 253bp,编码405个氨基酸。通过序列比对分析发现决明MCAT蛋白包含一个酰基转移酶超家族结构域,并且发现了一段高度保守的七肽模序。[结论]获得了决明MCAT的CDS全长,其编码的蛋白可能催化丙二酰Co A的转酰基反应,为决明脂肪酸的合成通路的阐明以及后期的决明脂肪酸的基因工程研究打下了坚实的基础。     

能源植物续随子延伸因子EF1A基因cDNA序列的克隆及分析

利用同源克隆和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆得到能源植物续随子延伸因子EFIA基因的cDNA序列(命名为ElEF1A,GenBank登录号为KT892703)。序列分析表明,ElEF1A编码序列(CDS)长1344bp,编码447个氨基酸,氨基酸序列具有典型的EF1-alpha、EF1-alpha-Ⅱ和EF1-alpha-Ⅲ结构域。ElEF1A与其他植物EF1A基因的核苷酸序列同源性达到88%以上,推导的氨基酸序列的同源性达95%以上。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.