水青树组织培养中无菌苗培养条件的优化

对水青树组织培养中种子的消毒方法和无菌苗培养条件进行了优化。4种消毒方法的效果比较表明,0.1% HgCl₂溶液对水青树种子的发芽有较强的抑制作用,而4% NaClO溶液的消毒效果最佳,对发芽的抑制作用最小。不同培养基上水青树种子的发芽情况显示,中盐低氮培养基有利于种子萌发,完全1/4 MS培养基为水青树无菌苗培养的最佳培养基。     

不同培养方法对木槿原生质体培养的影响

本文研究了不同培养方法对木槿 (Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓｓｙｒ ｉａｃｕｓ)原生质体培养的影响。种子采自本校校园 ,原生质体分离按朱启忠[1] 和Ｎｏｍｕｒａ[2 ] 的方法。培养方法有 :(1)液体浅层 (培养皿中加入 3ｍｌ培养液 ) ;(2 )固液双层 (固体层用 0 .4 %的琼脂及 0 .3%琼脂糖     

胚乳和蔗糖对大麦成熟胚无菌苗生长和叶片切段愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响

大麦无菌苗的苗高。苗干重和单位长度、叶片切段的干重均依胚培养时所带胚乳的增多而递增。但叶片切段培养时的愈伤组织诱导率和再分化率并不与胚乳多少正相关。成熟胚培养时蔗糖的供应明显影响叶片切段培养时的愈伤组织诱导率。培养带1/2胚乳的胚,用萌发率高的新鲜种子培养无菌苗时,以不供给蔗糖的有较高的叶段愈伤组织诱导率,用萌发率显著降低的陈种子时,则以育苗时供给6％蔗糖为好。     

不同减毒方法对无细胞百日咳菌苗减毒效果的比较研究

采用５种不同的化学减毒方法对无细胞百日咳菌苗的ＰＴ组分减毒效果进行了比较研究,选择出对菌苗的抗原性破坏小、减毒效果确切、减毒时不产生变性蛋白凝块的改进的甲醛减毒方法。     

花烛无菌苗液体增殖培养的影响因子

以花烛(Anthurium andraeanum Lind.)品种Sonate无菌苗为材料,研究了液体培养条件下不同植物生长调节剂、蔗糖浓度、培养方式等因子对腋芽增殖的影响,并比较了Sonate、Valentino和Julanba 3个品种间腋芽增殖的差异。结果表明:在液体振荡培养条件下,以Nitsch BA0.5mgL-1 KT1.0mgL-1 蔗糖30gL-1为Sonate品种适宜的增殖培养基;在20μmolm-2s-1弱光下培养25d后转至40μmolm-2s-1正常光照下培养,对Sonate品种的增殖效果较好,腋芽诱导数平均可达11.1个,腋芽平均长度为1.4cm。花烛腋芽增殖能力在品种间存在差异,但3个品种均可在以上培养基和光照条件下快速增殖,其中以Sonate和Valentino品种的增殖较快。     

黄葵的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称黄葵(Abelmoschus moschatus Medic),别名山油麻、野棉花、山芙蓉、麝香秋葵。2材料类别无菌苗顶芽。3培养条件(1)初级培养基:MS;(2)不定芽诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 0.6 mg·L~(-1)(单位下同) NAA 0.2;(3)增殖与继代培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.2。以上培养基均加3%蔗糖和0.5%琼脂,pH 5.8。培养温度为(25±3)℃,光强40～60μmol·m~(-2)·S~(-1),光照时间12～14 h·d~(-1)。     

不同化学因子对喜树细胞悬浮培养生长效应的研究

实验研究了不同种类,不同浓度的植物生长调节物质及其组合和其它三种化学因子对喜树悬浮培养细胞生长的影响。结果表明：单因子以NAA效果最好,其中NAA最佳浓度为0.5mg/L,组合因子此单因子更有利于细胞的生长,以NAA0.5mg/L KT0.1mg/L的效果最佳,在其它三种化学因子中,B5培养基和White培养基较有利于细胞的生长,蔗糖的最佳浓度为40mg/L,葡萄糖在一定范围内随着其浓度的增加,细胞的生长速度也相应增加。     

甘薯根腐病菌侵染对甘薯内源激素水平的影响

甘薯根腐病病原菌[Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.f.sp.batatas McClure,简称FSB]侵染及其培养液滤液处理高敏感性甘薯品种‘胜利百号’后,引起甘薯叶片、茎尖和根部组织内源ABA含量大幅升高。其中在根部出现最早,但茎尖中积累浓度最高。侵染后甘薯叶片、茎尖和根部组织内源GA1/3含量显著低于对照。甘薯组培苗经FSB培养滤液处理9h后,ABA含量显著上升,处理15h,ABA含量呈下降趋势,而GA1/3含量在101和102稀释液处理15h(103稀释液处理12h)时出现显著上升。这些结果有助于解释甘薯根腐病株矮小不产生藤蔓,并在秋季大量现蕾开花的生理现象。     

香雪球的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称 香雪球[Lobularia maritima（L．）Desv．],别名小白花、庭荠。 2材料类别无菌苗的顶芽和带腋芽茎段。     

不同激素组合对丝瓜离体快速繁殖的调控

利用不同激素组合对丝瓜愈伤组织诱导、芽的分化及试管苗快速繁殖进行了研究.结果发现不同外植体均易诱导愈伤组织,但愈伤组织分化芽较难,而外植体在一些激素组合中可直接形成不定芽;利用无菌苗的顶芽及腋芽,培养于附加6 BA1mg L+NAA0.5mg L或NAA1mg L的MS培养基上,获得了芽的快速增殖,形成芽簇,每丛芽数达6～8苗;试管苗于1 2MS+NAA0.5mg L生根培养基中6d生根率达到100%,获得完整再生植株.结果表明采用不同激素组合对丝瓜体细胞形态发生与发育的调控有决定性作用.     

Effects of different sterols on the inhibition of cell culture growth caused by the growth retardant tetcyclacis

Cell division in cell suspension cultures can be completely blocked by the growth retardant tetcyclacis at a concentration of 10^-4 mol l^-1. In rice cells it has been demonstrated that the growth inhibition can be completely overcome by application of cholesterol independent of the duration of pretreatment with tetcyclacis. In suspension cultures of maize and soybean, too, the effect of tetcyclacis on cell division was neutralized by adding cholesterol. Other plant sterols, stigmasterol, campesterol and sitosterol were active in a decreasing order. Modifications in the cholesterol perhydro-cyclopentanophenanthrene-ring system indicate that the hydroxyl group at C-3 and the double bond between C-5 and C-6 in ring B are required for the activity. In contrast, gibberellic acid as well as ent-kaurenoic acid could not compensate retardant effects. Likewise, tetcyclasis did not change the level of gibberellins in rice cells as shown by radioimmunoassay. Thus, it is concluded that in cell suspension cultures sterols play a more important role in cell division than gibberellins.Abbreviation GA_x gibberelin A_x     

四种植物生长调节剂对线纹香茶菜组织培养的影响

以线纹香茶菜叶切片、茎切段为外植体,研究2,4-D、NAA、6-BA、CPPU对其快速繁殖的影响。结果表明,0.2~0.3mg/L CPPU能诱导叶切片、茎切段两端切口处产生不定芽,平均诱导率分别为22.5%和66.0%,亦能使叶腋形成丛生芽;其活性高于相同浓度的6-BA。0.2mg/L CPPU与0.1mg/L NAA配比对无根苗的芽增殖效果最佳。在附加0.2mg/L NAA的1/2MS培养基上无根苗的生根效果最好。     

不同培养条件对薄荷试管苗玻璃化现象的影响

以江苏东台产薄荷(M entha haplocalyxB riq.)的茎尖为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究了培养基添加物和培养条件对薄荷试管苗玻璃化现象的影响。结果显示,导致薄荷玻璃化苗产生的主要因素是培养基中的6-BA、蔗糖和琼脂浓度以及培养温度和光照时间;当6-BA浓度为2 mg.L-1、蔗糖浓度为4%、琼脂浓度为0.70%、培养温度25℃、光照12 h.d-1(2 000 lx)时,薄荷试管苗的繁殖系数较高,玻璃化苗率较低。     

Effects of donor plant genotype and growth environment on anther culture of soft-red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The effects of donor plant growth temperature and photoperiod on embryo formation and plant regeneration from cultured anthers in five genotypes of soft-red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined. There were no significant differences between the three environments studied (15°C - 16/8 h light/dark, 20°C - 16/8 h light/dark, and 20°C - 12/12 h light/dark) when frequencies were averaged over genotypes; however, significant genotype and genotype x environment interactions were observed for embryo formation. When averaged over environments, highest embryo and plant production frequencies were exhibited by a line derived from the cross IL 72-2219-1/Amigo. A mean of 8.6 embryos per 100 anthers plated was observed for this genotype grown in the 20°C - 16/8 h light/dark environment. The cultivar Scotty averaged 4.2 plants produced per 100 anthers plated when grown in the 15°C - 16/8 h light/dark environment. The results from this study suggest a potential for increasing embryo and plant production in this material and point toward the need to optimize donor plant growth environmental conditions to maximize response frequencies for specific genotypes of interest.     

Effects of different concentrations of serum on cartilage growth in an organ culture system

Summary The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of various concentrations of serum on the behavior of neonatal condylar cartilage when cultured in an organ culture system. Mandibular condylar cartilages were obtained from newborn ICR mice, of which the zone of undifferentiated chondroprogenitor cells along with a few layers of young cartilage cells were cultivated at the medium-air interface. The incubation medium included fetal bovine serum at concentrations ranging from 0 to 10%, and the explants were kept in vitro up to 10 d. The serum-free medium maintained the chondrogenic expression, and the overall size of the cartilagenous protion of the explants increased with the decrease of the concentrations of serum in the medium. When explants were labeled with [³H]thymidine and were then processed for autoradiography, the peak of labeling was noticed at 48 h, a feature that recapitulated itself in all cultures (73, 140, 175, 201, and 129 labeled cells per chondroprogenitor zone in explants grown in 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10%, respectively). It can be concluded that serum-free medium maintains the chondrogenic phenotype of condylar cartilage in vitro. This study was supported in part by a research grant from the Gesellschaft fur Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Braunschweig-Stockheim, Federal Republic of Germany.     

不同更新方式对林地植被生长及土壤性状的影响

本文研究天然次生林采伐迹地的三种更新方式对林地植被及土壤性状的影响。结果表明,炼山人工造林对林地植被和土壤有一定的破坏作用,是影响林木生长、导致物种丧失、引起林地水土流失和地力衰退的重要原因。不同林分物种丰富度为:天然更新 >人促更新 >炼山人工造林;林下植被生物量为:人促更新 >天然更新 >炼山人工造林。不炼山的天然更新和人促更新,有利于物种多样性保护、植被生长、林地土壤理化性状改善和土壤肥力提高,并具有更高的经济效益。     

培养基及培养条件对杜仲愈伤组织生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响

以MS、LS、B5、N6、H、Nitsch、White、1／2MS为基本培养基,分别添加0．5mg／L NAA和0．5mg／L BA,分析不同类型培养基对杜仲愈伤组织生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响,并以B5培养基进行光照条件、碳源、蔗糖浓度试验。结果表明：B5培养基不仅有利于愈伤组织生长,也有利于总黄酮的形成,而1／2MS培养基有利于绿原酸的积累;12h／d光照对愈伤组织的生长及绿原酸和总黄酮的合成有明显的促进作用,黑暗不影响愈伤组织的生长,但却抑制绿原酸和总黄酮的形成;3种碳源中,愈伤组织的增长量、绿原酸和总黄酮的含量均以蔗糖为碳源时最高,葡萄糖最低;蔗糖浓度在10～50g／L范围内绿原酸的含量随着糖浓度的升高而升高,40g／L时愈伤组织的增长量和总黄酮的含量最高。     

Effects of different application methods of azadirachtin against sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hom., Aleyrodidae) on tomato plants

Abstract:  Studies on three different neem treatment methods (seed, soil and foliar) and two different commercial neem products (NeemAzal T/S 1% azadirachtin and NeemAzalU 17% azadirachtin) against sweetpotato whitefly (WF) Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hom., Aleyrodidae) on tomato plants were conducted in cages in air-conditioned cultivation rooms. All three methods of neem treatments resulted in reduced colonization and oviposition. Overall oviposition intensity was significantly reduced (44%) by the treatment of tomato seeds but an even higher reduction (74%) was achieved through soil drenching both with 3.0 g/l NeemAzalU and foliar spraying (82%) with 10 ml/l of NeemAzal TS compared with control treatments. In contrast, soil and foliar treatment increased fecundity per female up to 33% and 32%, respectively, at the highest tested concentrations. Reduced egg hatch could be observed only at high neem concentrations; 62% and 51% of deposited eggs hatched at the highest dose rates of NeemAzalU in case of seed and foliar treatments, respectively; whereas only 43% of deposited eggs hatched in case of foliar treatments at highest dose rates of NeemAzal T/S. Seed (35%), foliar (93%) and soil treatments (91%) caused high mortality rates of immatures and reduced number of hatching adults compared with control plants treated with a blank formulation or water. The mortality among immatures increased in relation to azadirachtin concentrations. Concerning susceptibility of different developmental stages, young larvae were the most sensitive. Foliar treatment was the most efficient, with 100% mortality for all three larval stages at high concentrations (10 ml/l of NeemAzal T/S) compared with 78–87% mortality with soil treatment (at 3.0 g/l NeemAzalU). The findings are discussed in the context of integrated control of WF in protected cultivation environments in the humid tropics.     

烟粉虱在温室内甘薯寄主上生物学特性的研究

对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)在温室内甘薯寄主上主要生物学特性的研究表明：烟粉氮成虫喜光、喜湿,晴朗高温时活动性强,但扩散飞行能力弱;多在白天交尾,多在中午产卵,具有强的惫鬃性．若虫一生脱皮3次,若虫(除一龄初期)固定生活。卵的孵化及成虫的羽化也多发生在中午。雌雄性比为1．628：1,成虫平均寿命14．25天,雌成虫平均寿命比雄成虫长6．9天,每雌平均产卵158．5粒。以两性生殖为主,也可孤雌生殖,两性生殖的产卵量及卵孵化率均高于孤雌生殖。     

无菌条件下小麦氨基酸态氮及铵态氮营养效应研究

对铵态氮(硫酸铵)、氨基酸态氮(甘氨酸,谷氨酸及赖氨酸)和缺氮无菌砂培条件下小麦单株干物重、全氮量及根、叶谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性作了研究．结果表明,铵态氮和氨基酸态氮均可被小麦吸收,且吸收量相当．培养30d后,甘氨酸和谷氨酸处理的小麦干物重显著高于缺氮及铵态氮处理,而铵态氮、赖氨酸及缺氮处理的干物重相近．低浓度铵态氮(0．7mmol·L^1)培养15d的小麦仅根的GPT活性显著高于缺氮处理,而高浓度(35．7mmol·L^1)处理6h对这两种转氨酶活性影响不大.不同种类、不同浓度的氨基酸态氮培养15d或处理6h后,小麦植株根、叶的GOT或GPT活性变化趋势有较大差异,这反映出小麦外源氨基酸主要同化部位及同化量,与氨基酸种类及浓度有较大关系．