疏叶骆驼刺与花花柴互作对氮素固定和根际微生物的影响

植物种间的相互关系通过相关微生物直接或间接的影响来实现。豆科与非豆科植物的互作是研究植物种间关系的理想模型,但是对其互作关系中氮素固定和微生态过程尚不明确。以塔南荒漠优势植物疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)（豆科）和花花柴(Karelini acaspia(Pall.) Less)（菊科）为研究对象,研究了在不同生境（自然和小区）下两者互作对氮素固定和根际微生物的影响。结果表明,在自然和小区两种生存环境下疏叶骆驼刺与花花柴都有氮素转移特征,并且这种转移特征在自然生境下更为明显。在自然生境中从疏叶骆驼刺转移到花花柴的氮素占花花柴总氮的50%左右,而在小区生境中只占30%左右。互作改变了花花柴各组织的化学计量比,在互作条件下花花柴叶片氮素含量比重增加。此外,疏叶骆驼刺与花花柴的互作降低了前者的根际细菌群落的Shannon index,并且改变了其根际土壤细菌的基因功能。互作对花花柴根际微生物群落没有显著影响,但在互作条件下疏叶骆驼刺根际土壤细菌中参与氮素转运的相关基因丰度显著高于单独种植,其中对细根根际土壤细菌的多样性及其基因丰度影响最大。且互作降低了疏叶骆驼刺细根的氮含量。因此,疏叶骆驼刺细根可能是疏叶骆驼刺和花花柴互作的关键部位。本研究为荒漠植被保护与恢复提供了科学依据。     

4种荒漠植物气体交换特征的研究

 在自然条件下我们对塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲边缘4种主要荒漠植物胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)、沙拐枣(Calligonum caput_medusae Schrenk.)、骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia B.Keller et Shap)和柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima Lbd.)的气体交换、水势及其δ13C的季节变化特征进行了比较研究。结果表明胡杨和沙拐枣气体交换日变化为单峰曲线,骆驼刺和柽柳为双峰曲线;其中骆驼刺属低光合低蒸腾型,WUEph最低,     

宁夏被子植物分布新资料

报道了宁夏植物分布的3个新记录种--黑三棱、骆驼刺、婆婆针和1个新记录亚种--柳穿鱼.     

短期环割对骆驼刺气孔导度及叶绿素荧光的影响

为研究骆驼刺对不同环割的生理响应,以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲外围骆驼刺为试验材料,设置了对照(CK),韧皮部半割(PS),韧皮部全割(PF),木质部半割(XS)4种处理,研究了骆驼刺的气孔导度、光合色素含量、Chl a/b、叶绿素荧光参数和曲线在不同环割处理下的变化特征。结果表明:短期韧皮部半割对骆驼刺各项生理指标影响不明显;韧皮部全割下,骆驼刺气孔导度、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数有了不同程度的下降;木质部半割显著降低了骆驼刺气孔导度但光合色素含量和大部分荧光参数没有发生变化。处理后第5天和第10天各项参数相差不大,短期内环割对骆驼刺的伤害程度随时间推移变化较小。总体来看,短期环割处理对骆驼刺伤害程度是PFXSPSCK。在荒漠化防治过程中,应尽量避免骆驼刺的韧皮部被全部剥蚀。     

梭梭和骆驼刺对干旱的适应策略差异

该研究目的在于揭示干旱荒漠中2个优势种梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)和骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)是否在适应干旱的策略上存在差异。在新疆艾比湖自然保护区内自然形成的干旱胁迫梯度上,首先测量梭梭和骆驼刺的3类功能性状(叶、光合和水力性状);其后分析性状随干旱梯度的变化,性状在两个物种之间的差别,两物种应对干旱胁迫时所采用策略的差异性。结果显示:梭梭和骆驼刺的功能性状在干旱梯度上的变化存在不同。除干物质含量外,其余10个功能性状在梭梭和骆驼刺间均存在显著差异,但在干旱梯度与物种的共同作用下,梭梭与骆驼刺之间性状差异呈现缩小趋势。Pearson相关分析表明,骆驼刺显著相关的性状仅有10对,而梭梭有15对。主成分分析可将梭梭11个功能性状分为与植物抗旱能力有关的2个典型性状组合类别,即干旱胁迫-碳获取组和抗干旱胁迫组。但对骆驼刺,很难划分出与抗旱有关的性状组合。该研究结果表明,相较梭梭,骆驼刺具有更强的耐旱能力,属于保守型物种,性状之间联系不显著,但梭梭的性状之间联系紧密,它利用各种性状之间的权衡和补偿关系尽可能地减小干旱胁迫。该研究揭示了干旱荒漠中不同生...     

Draft genome sequence of Mesorhizobium alhagi CCNWXJ12-2T, a novel salt-resistant species isolated from the desert of northwestern China

Mesorhizobium alhagi strain CCNWXJ12-2(T) is a novel species of soil-dwelling, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that can form symbiotic root nodules with Alhagi sparsifolia. Moreover, the strain has high resistance to salt and alkali. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Mesorhizobium alhagi strain CCNWXJ12-2(T). A large number of osmotic regulation-related genes have been identified.     

K、Na、Ca、Mg 4种元素在疏叶骆驼刺体内含量分布特点的研究

 此项工作在新疆平原荒漠区盐化草甸带进行。研究结果显示出K、Na、Ca、Mg 4种元素在植物体内不同器官的含量分布特点和各个器官中不同元素间的含量关系。同时表明这4种元素在植物体不同器官中具有不同的作用。对于K、Na元素,地上部器官尤其叶片中含量水平反映出器官具有较强的留K排Ns的选择性元素的分配机制。     

新疆荒漠植物的锈菌Ⅰ.豆科和藜科植物上的单胞锈菌

报道了采自新疆塔里木盆地和准格尔盆地荒漠植物豆科和藜科植物上寄生的单胞锈菌20个种。寄生在疏花骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia上的骆驼刺单胞锈菌Uromyces alhaginis、寄生在木地肤Kochia prostrata上的地肤单胞锈菌Uromyces kochiae和寄生在苦马豆Swainsonia salsula上的苦马豆单胞锈菌Uromyces sphaerophysae为中国新记录;寄生在新疆沙冬青Ammopiptanthus nanus上的欧黄华单胞锈菌Uromyces anagyridis和寄生在长豇豆Vigna sesquipedalis上的豇豆单胞锈菌Uromyces vignae为新疆新记录;盐穗木Halostachys caspica和小蓬Nanophyton erinaceum为藜单胞锈菌Uromyces chenopodii的新寄主。所有研究标本保存在新疆农业大学真菌标本室(HMACC)。     

沙漠-绿洲过渡带四种多年生植物水分关系特征

沙漠一绿洲过渡带地区植被的可持续性在防止绿洲沙漠化的过程中非常重要。对过渡带主要植物种骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap)、多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima Lebed．)、胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv．)和头状沙拐枣(Calligonum caputmedusae Schrenk．)水分关系的研究表明：4种植物的水分恢复状况良好,清晨水势一直较高,水分亏缺并不严重。渗透势和正午水势的降低幅度不大,变化比较平稳,更像是一种生长过程中的结果．植物的水分胁迫状况并不明显。4种植物的水势和渗透势都高于典型的荒漠植物,属于中生植物的范围。水分参数的变化显示在同样的环境节律下,四种植物在水分生理的变化特征上有一致性。一直很高的RWCp值表明植物不能适应剧烈的水分损失和较低的水分含量,植物需要稳定充足的水分供应来适应塔克拉玛干极端气候条件下的生长环境。植物对环境胁迫也有各自不同的生理适应特点,胡杨的△Ⅱ值大,能忍受较多的水分损失维持气孔的开放;骆驼刺的ψp值最高,水分亏缺的平衡与恢复效果明显;C4植物头状沙拐枣能维持较高的水势和渗透势,而盐土植物多枝柽柳能忍受水势的很大降低。夏季一次性灌溉对骆驼刺、多枝柽柳和胡杨水分状况的改善基本没有影响,对头状沙拐枣有一定的帮助。植物群落和地下水关系密切,过渡带地区地下水位稳定在植物可接触的范围内是保证植物长期存活的关键。4种植物对干旱胁迫的适应为躲避型。     

极端干旱条件下多年生植物水分关系参数变化特性

通过对生长在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘极端干旱区野外生境条件下的4种多年生植物胡杨、柽柳、沙拐枣和骆驼刺的主要水分关系参数(P100为膨压最大时的渗透势;P0为膨压为零时的渗透势;emax为最大细胞弹性模量;RWCa为细胞在质壁分离点时的相对含水量)在植物生长周期内的变化特征进行了分析,结合对植物清晨水势和土壤含水率变化的系统进行测定。结果表明:4种植物在低水势下保持膨压能力大小的排序为柽柳>胡杨>骆驼刺>沙拐枣。4种植物应对水分胁迫的共同反应是在细胞出现质壁分离时,保持高的体内含水量;在耐旱机理上,沙拐枣和骆驼刺属于高水势延迟脱水类型,胡杨和柽柳属于低水势忍耐脱水类型;在植物生长期内,4种植物清晨水势的变化特征是,骆驼刺的清晨水势值最高,沙拐枣和胡杨的清晨水势值的季节变化较为稳定,柽柳的清晨水势值最低;植物清晨水势的变化趋势同其水分关系参数的变化特性基本一致;4种植物没有受到严重的水分胁迫,灌溉对植物水分关系参数变化的影响不显著;植物处并利用地下水来满足其生存和生长需求,维持地下水位的基本稳定,是保证多年生植物恢复重建的重要前提。     

新疆荒漠植物的锈菌Ⅰ.豆科和藜科植物上的单胞锈菌

报道了采自新疆塔里木盆地和准格尔盆地荒漠植物豆科和藜科植物上寄生的单胞锈菌20个种.寄生在疏花骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia 上的骆驼刺单胞锈菌 Uromyces alhaginis、寄生在木地肤 Kochia prostrata 上的地肤单胞锈菌 Uromyces kochiae 和寄生在苦马豆 Swainsonia salsula 上的苦马豆单胞锈菌Uromyces sphaerophysae 为中国新记录;寄生在新疆沙冬青 Ammopiptanthus nanus 上的欧黄华单胞锈菌Uromyces anagyridis 和寄生在长豇豆 Vigna sesquipedalis 上的豇豆单胞锈菌 Uromyces vignae 为新疆新记录;盐穗木Halostachyscaspica和小蓬Nanophyton erinaceum为藜单胞锈菌Uromyces chenopodii的新寄主.所有研究标本保存在新疆农业大学真菌标本室(HMACC).     

NaCl enhances growth and morphogenesis potential of Alhagi graecorum

Summary The contamination of soils with excess salts is one of the greatest challenges to plant survival, but some unique species have evolved to thrive in highly saline environments. One such species, Alhagi graecorum Boiss., has been previously shown to accumulate high levels of sodium while growing in salt marshes. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of saline conditions on the growth and the regeneration capacity of this species. Plantlets and explants of A. graecorum were cultured on a medium supplemented with various concentrations of NaCl, where A. graecorum tissues accumulated up to 8% Na⁺. The capacity for regeneration was enhanced by the excess sodium, indicating a requirement of salt for optimal growth and development in this species. Further study of this species may provide new concepts and understanding of the metabolism of sodium in higher plants.     

The Ecological Significance of Allelopathy in the Community Organization of Alhagi Graecorum Boiss

Field study revealed that species diversity index of the community was 0.597. The data of interspecific association index of Alhagi graecorum and each of its associates, Chenopodium murale, Glinus lotoides and Malva parviflora, were 0.35, 0.41 and 0.33, respectively. Therefore, a net negative association and low diversity among the species were the main characters of the community. Laboratory experiments verified the role played by competition and allelopathy in this community organization. The bioassay results indicated that A. graecorum exhibited phytotoxic activity on the tested species. Accordingly, water-borne allelopathic compounds may be released from A. graecorum into the environment and suppress the growth of its associates where they were not able to compete with A. graecorum in the field, so the latter species become dominant.     

疏叶骆驼刺种群性质与植物群落演替

疏叶骆驼刺广泛分布于新疆平原荒漠地带的低地盐化草甸中。在群落中占优势,或者为伴生种。其群落的植物种类组成和种群特性,随着土壤水、盐状况的改变而有较明显的差异。在人类活动影响下,土壤水、盐环境变化日益加剧,因而疏叶骆驼刺群落的成分也有相应的变化。以疏叶骆驼刺种群性质和草甸植物种类组成特征作为群落演替状态的指示物是本文分析探讨的主要问题。这种指示作用在实践上对当地的水源及土地利用均有一定的应用价值。     

Obtainment and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures that Produce Isoflavonoids

Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology - The physiological characteristics of callus cell cultures of Alhagi persarum Boiss et Buhse, a representative of the legume family widely used in folk...     

Role of exopolysaccharide in salt stress resistance and cell motility of Mesorhizobium alhagi CCNWXJ12–2T

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Mesorhizobium alhagi, a legume-symbiont soil bacterium that forms nodules with the desert plant Alhagi sparsifolia, can produce large amounts of...     

Characteristics of natural radionuclide distribution in different organs of plants growing on territory with increased radiation background

We investigated wild-growing grassy plants such as Alhagi pseudalhagi, Zygophyllum, Juncus acutus and Argusia sibirica with the purpose of studying the mechanism of carry of radionuclides from ground in plants and an establishment most the common laws of distribution of radionuclides between different organs of plants. The results of the research show that the researched plants are mainly accumulated 40K. On a degree of accumulation, 226Ra occupies the second place, but 232Th doesn't participate almost in processes of carry from ground in plants. It is established that root systems of plants possesses unequal ability to absorb same radionuclides from the same ground. For example, the root system of Argusia sibirica is characterized by smaller ability to absorb 226Ra, but 40K is more accessible. It is shown that biological availability radionuclides in the given ground depends both on a kind of plants and on radionuclides. For example, Argusia sibirica, Zygophyllum show higher accumulating ability to 40K and in relation to 226Ra, Alhagi pseudalhagi and Juncus acutus are more sensitive. It is established that accumulating ability of stalks of different plants in relation to 40K are appreciably different. Distribution of radionuclides in seeds of plants has other character. Thus Alhagi pseudalhagi in the seeds had also certain amount of 232Th, and leaves Argusia sibirica in comparison with Zygophyllum have a high degree of accumulation as for 40K, so for 226Ra.     

Genetic structure of Alhagi (Hedysareae,Fabaceae) populations using ISSR data in Iran

Molecular Biology Reports - Alhagi Gagnebin (Fabaceae: Hedysareae) is a small genus of shrubs or subshrubs distributed in temperate and tropical regions of Asia, Europe, and Africa. The exact...     

Obtaining and Characterization of Suspension Cell Culture of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse: a Producer of Isoflavonoids

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Suspension cell culture of camel’s thorn Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse was produced for the first time and its characteristics were determined under...     

骆驼刺根瘤菌的超微结构研究

用透射电子显微镜研究骆驼刺根瘤中的根瘤菌。结果表明。在成熟的骆驼刺根瘤中,根瘤菌的大小、数量、形态、分布位置及精细结构随寄主细胞的发育程度不同而异。早期侵染细胞中,根瘤菌小,数量少,一般呈球形或椭球形,位于细胞壁附近及靠近核区的地方,没有聚磷酸盐颗粒和聚羟基丁酸。成熟侵染细胞中,根瘤菌个体较大,数量较多．多呈棒状,少数为球形或椭球形。有很多根瘤菌还呈现明显的“T”形、“Y”形或“V”形,菌体占满了整个细胞,这时的根瘤菌大多数含有聚羟基丁酸和聚磷酸盐颗粒。而在衰老的侵染细胞中,根瘤菌细胞质收缩,电子密度增高．形状变得很不规则,有的根瘤菌解体,呈现膜泡状结构,菌体中含有数量不等的聚羟基丁酸和聚磷酸盐颗粒。球状根瘤菌从侵染初期到侵染细胞裂解的整个阶段中都仔在。并且观察到的处于分裂状态的根瘤菌都是球状菌,因此可以推测骆驼刺根瘤中是以球状根瘤菌来进行增殖的。