脑源性神经营养因子研究进展

脑源性神经营养因子是一种小分子二聚体蛋白质,在结构上与神经生长因子相关。对中枢神经系统的多种类型神经元的生长、发育、分化、维护和再生部具有重要作用,对于治疗运动神经元病变以及神经系统迟行性疾病有显疗效。本对其细胞与分子生物学特征、生物学功能进行阐述。     

慢性脑低灌注大鼠海马BDNF的表达与认知功能损害

目的　观察慢性脑低灌注大鼠认知功能损害与海马脑源性神经营养因子 (Brain derivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF)表达的关系。方法　通过结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉 ,制成慢性脑低灌注模型 ,分缺血 6周组和 4月组及相应假手术组 ,在相应时间点用三等份MG 2Y型迷宫法测定大鼠学习记忆能力。用免疫组化S P法检测 4组大鼠海马中BDNF的表达 ,在光镜下测其平均光密度。结果　显示手术组与假手术组相比学习记忆能力明显下降 ,慢性脑低灌注大鼠缺血 4月组与缺血 6周组相比学习记忆能力也下降 (P <0 0 5 )。缺血 4月组大鼠海马BDNF表达的平均光密度值与Y型迷宫实验正确次数间存在正相关 (r=0 782 5 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　表明在慢性脑低灌注状态下 ,大鼠学习记忆能力随海马BDNF表达的下降而下降 ,内源性BDNF可能通过对突触传递和认知功能有内在保护作用。     

脑源性神经营养因子前体蛋白生物学效应研究进展

神经营养因子是一类分泌性多肽类生长因子,可促进中枢和外周神经元的生长、存活以及分化,但其前体分子却具有不同的生物学活性,也有着不同的受体以及细胞内信号通路。本文对近年来关于脑源性神经营养因子前体蛋白的研究予以综述,着重讨论其在神经损伤与情绪障碍和神经退行性变疾病模型中的作用。     

人脑源性神经营养因子基因表达

用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)从人基因组DNA中扩增了人脑源性神经营养因子(hBDNF) cDNA和hBDNF成熟蛋白编码片段,分别克隆到pUC18中.经测序确认两个插入片段序列正确.hBDNF cDNA在CMV启动子控制下在NIH/3T3细胞中表达,用RT-PCR检测转染细胞确有BDNF mRNA存在.BDNF成熟蛋白编码序列在T7启动子控制下在E.coli中表达,SDS-PAGE表明,BDNF得到表达,以包涵体形式存在.     

一种新的神经营养因子

目前用于治疗帕金森氏症的药物只治疗症状．而不能阻止脑中多巴胺神经元的退化和死亡，从而引起与这种疾病有关的运动缺陷。用“胶质细胞源性神经营养因子”（GDNF）治疗能获得有限的成功，但却有安全方面的问题。Lindholm等人报告，他们发现并纯化了一种新的神经营养因子。被称为“保留型多巴胺神经营养因子”（CDNF），[第一段]     

长期运动对幼龄大鼠下丘脑脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响

目的：探讨下丘脑脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）与幼龄大鼠长期运动中摄食调节活动的关系。方法：3周龄断乳SD大鼠随机分为运动组（E）和对照组（C）,运动组进行9周的游泳运动（每天1次,每周6 d）,运动时间由开始每次30 min逐渐增加到每次90 min。12周龄时用ELISA法测试血清BDNF含量,RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测下丘脑中BDNF mRNA、pro-BDNF和BDFN蛋白表达水平。结果：与C组比较,E组大鼠在运动第1周、第9周以及整个实验期间摄食量无变化。12周龄时与C组相比,E组血清BDNF含量和下丘脑BDNF mRNA表达水平无变化,但下丘脑pro-BDNF和BDNF蛋白表达水平升高（P〈0.05）。结论：长期运动使幼龄大鼠下丘脑BDNF和pro-BDNF蛋白表达水平同时升高。     

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子研究进展

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子是１９９３４上发现并克隆的神经营养因子,对巴金森氏病和运动神经元性疾病的治疗可能具有潜在的应用价值。本文对价值蛋白质的性质,基因结构,分布以及其在生理,病理情况下作用进行了简要的综述。     

盐酸美金刚联合银杏叶提取物对阿尔茨海默病患者血清BDNF、NGF、DA水平和认知功能的影响

目的:探讨盐酸美金刚联合银杏叶提取物对阿尔茨海默病患者血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经营养因子(NGF)浓度、多巴胺(DA)水平和认知功能的影响。方法:将我院2017年6月至2018年7月收治的92例阿尔茨海默病患者按随机数字表法分为对照组49例和研究组43例,对照组采用盐酸美金刚治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合银杏叶提取物治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后血清BDNF、NGF、DA水平、认知功能、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力(ADL)评分的变化和不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组总有效率为90.70%,显著高于对照组(69.39%,P0.05)。治疗前,两组血清BDNF、NGF、DA水平、MMSE和ADL评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组以上指标均较治疗前显著上升,且研究组以上指标明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:盐酸美金刚联合银杏叶提取物可提高阿尔茨海默病的疗效,改善患者认知功能,可能与增加BDNF、NGF、DA的表达有关。     

马来熊脑源性神经营养因子基因编码区的克隆与序列分析

参照人脑源性神经神经生长因子（ＢＤＮＦ）基因序列设计出一对引物，利用聚合酶链式反应，首次从马来熊基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增和克隆到ＢＤＮＦ基因的编码区。对该基因所作的序列分析表明，马来熊和人ＢＤＮＦ基因编码区的核苷酸序列同源性为９４％，而与大熊猫ＢＤＮＦ基因的核苷酸序列同源性高达９９％。在推导的多肽序列中，除在前导肽区有两个氨基酸的差异外，马来熊ＢＤＮＦ的成熟区与人和其他已报道的哺乳动物ＢＤＮＦ成熟区的氨     

Expression profiles of BDNF splice variants in cultured DRG neurons stimulated with NGF

Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA is increased in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in response to peripheral inflammation. Nerve growth factor (NGF) from inflammatory tissue is thought to induce expression of BDNF. Recently, it was reported that the BDNF gene has eight non-coding exons that are transcribed independently into several splice variants. Expression of these splice variants in DRG neurons stimulated with NGF has not been studied. We examined changes in expression of BDNF splice variants in a rat model of peripheral inflammation and in cultured DRG neurons exposed to NGF. Total BDNF mRNA was increased by inflammation in vivo and by NGF in vitro. Among all splice variants, exon 1-9 showed the greatest increase in expression in both experiments. Our results indicate that exon 1-9 contributes to changes in total BDNF levels and may play an important role in the acute response of DRG to NGF.     

BDNF、TrkB在子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义

目的:观察脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)及其受体酪氨酸激酶受体B(TrkB)在子宫内膜癌中的表达,并分析其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色方法对11例正常子宫内膜、16例增生子宫内膜、31例子宫内膜癌组织进行BDNF及其受体TrkB表达的检测,并分析子宫内膜癌组织中BDNF、TrkB的表达与其临床病理特征的关系。结果:BDNF及TrkB在正常子宫内膜中呈阴性或弱阳性表达,在增生子宫内膜及子宫内膜癌中呈阳性表达,三组间的差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫内膜癌中BDNF、TrkB的表达与肿瘤细胞分化程度、临床病理分期、肌层浸润深度、淋巴结转移的有无均显著相关(P0.05)。结论:BDNF及其受体TrkB的相互作用可能在子宫内膜癌的发生发展中起重要作用,二者联合检测可能对子宫内膜癌的术前病情评估及术后预后预测均具有重要的参考意义。     

神经生长因子生物活性检定方法的建立

采用鸡胚背根神经节体外培养法,建立了神经生长因子生物活性的检定方法,对判定神经生长因子的生物活性单位制定了明确统一的判定标准     

Triptolide Upregulates NGF Synthesis in Rat Astrocyte Cultures

Triptolide (T10), an extract from the traditional Chinese herb, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has been shown to attenuate the rotational behavior induced by d-amphetamine and prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in rat models of Parkinson’s disease. To examine if the neuroprotective effect is mediated by its stimulation of production of neurotrophic factors from astrocytes, we investigated the effect of T10 on synthesis and release of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in rat astrocyte cultures. T10 did not affect the synthesis and release of either BDNF or GDNF. However, it significantly increased NGF mRNA expression. It also increased both intracellular NGF and NGF level in culture medium. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of T10 might be mediated, at least in part, via a stimulation of the production and release of NGF in astrocytes. Authors Bing Xue and Jian Jiao contributed equally to this work.     

Repeated electroconvulsive stimuli have long-lasting effects on hippocampal BDNF and decrease immobility time in the rat forced swim test

Electroconvulsive therapy is considered an effective treatment for severe depression. However, the mechanisms for its long-lasting antidepressant efficacy are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated changes of the immobility time in the forced swim test and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein after withdrawal from 14-day repeated electroconvulsive stimuli (ECS, 50 mA, 0.2 s) in rats. Immobility time in the forced swim test was markedly decreased 6 h after withdrawal following 14-day ECS treatment. Thereafter, prolongation of the withdrawal period gradually diminished the decreasing effect of immobility time, but significant effects persisted for up to 3 days after the withdrawal. Locomotor activity in the open-field test increased 6 h after withdrawal from the ECS treatment, and the enhanced effect persisted for at least 7 days. The BDNF protein level in the hippocampus was markedly increased 6 h after the withdrawal, and remained high for at least 7 days. These findings provide further evidence that repeated ECS has long-lasting effect on increase in BDNF and locomotor activity and decrease in immobility time in the forced swim test.     

Defining Responsiveness of Avian Cochlear Neurons to Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor by HSV-1-Mediated Gene Transfer

Abstract: The importance of individual members of the neurotrophin gene family for avian inner ear development is not clearly defined. Here we address the role of two neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), for innervation of the chicken cochlea. We have used defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors, or amplicons, to express these neurotrophins in dissociated cultures of cochlear neurons. HSV-1-mediated expression of BDNF promotes neuronal survival similar to the maximal level seen by exogenously added BDNF and exceeds its potency to produce neurite outgrowth. In contrast, cochlear neurons transduced with an amplicon producing bioactive NGF show no response. These results confirm BDNF as an important mediator of neurotrophin signaling inside avian cochlear neurons. However, these neurons can be rendered NGF-responsive by transducing them with the high-affinity receptor for NGF, TrkA. This study underlines the usefulness of amplicons to study and modify neurotrophin signaling inside neurons.     

Relationship between occupational aluminium exposure and histone lysine modification through methylation

BackgroundAluminium is an environmental neurotoxin to which human beings are extensively exposed. However, the molecular mechanism of aluminium toxicity remains unclear.MethodsThe changes in cognitive function of aluminum exposed workers under long-term occupational exposure were evaluated, and the relationship between cognitive changes, plasma memory related BDNF and EGR1 protein expression, and variations of epigenetic markers H3K4me3, H3K9me2, H3K27me3 expression levels in blood was explored.ResultsMMSE, DSFT, DST scores in cognitive function and the levels of plasma BDNF and EGR1 protein expression decreased with the increase of blood aluminum level. H3K4me3, H3K9me2, H3K27me3 expression levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of aluminum exposed workers were statistically different (all P<0.05). H3K4me3, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 expression levels in lymphocytes were correlated with blood aluminum level. BDNF, EGR1 protein level and H3K4me3, H3K9me2, H3K27me3 expression levels have different degrees of correlation. There was a linear regression relationship between plasma BDNF, H3K4me3 and H3K9me2. H3K9me2 had a greater effect on BDNF than H3K4me3. There is a linear regression relationship between EGR1, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, and the influence of H3K4me3 on EGR1 is greater than that of H3K27me3 on EGR1.ConclusionAlummnum may regulate the expression of BDNF and EGR1 by regulating H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2, and affect the cognitive function of workers by affecting the expression of BDNF and EGR1.     

HCMV infection depress NGF expression in human glioma cells

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection, resulting in birth defects such as microcephaly. In this study, RT-PCR and Western Blotting were performed to quantify the regulation of endogenic nerve growth factor expression in neuroglia cells by HCMV infection. The results showed that basal, endogenous NGF expression in U251 was unchanged during early HCMV infection. NGF expression is strongly down-regulated during the latent phase of infection. These results suggest that HCMV can depress the NGF expression in U251 cells.     

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is More Highly Conserved in Structure and Function than Nerve Growth Factor During Vertebrate Evolution

Mammalian nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are members of a protein family with perfectly conserved domains arranged around the cysteine residues thought to stabilize an invariant three-dimensional scaffold in addition to distinct sequence motifs that convey different neuronal functions. To study their structural and functional conservation during evolution, we have compared NGF and BDNF from a lower vertebrate, the teleost fish Xiphophorus, with the mammalian homologues. Genomic clones encoding fish NGF and BDNF were isolated by cross-hybridization using probes from the cloned mammalian factors. Fish NGF and BDNF were expressed by means of recombinant vaccinia viruses, purified, and their neuronal survival specificities for different classes of neurons were found to mirror those of the mammalian factors. The half-maximal survival concentration for chick sensory neurons was 60 pg/ml for both fish and mammalian purified recombinant BDNF. However, the activity of recombinant fish NGF on both chick sensory and sympathetic neurons was 6 ng/ml, 75-fold lower than that of mouse NGF. The different functional conservation of NGF and BDNF is also reflected in their structures. The DNA-deduced amino acid sequences of processed mature fish NGF and BDNF showed, compared to mouse, 63% and 90% identity, respectively, indicating that NGF had reached an optimized structure later than BDNF. The retrograde extrapolation of these data indicates that NGF and BDNF evolved at strikingly different rates from a common ancestral gene about 600 million years ago. By RNA gel blot analysis NGF mRNA was detected during late embryonic development; BDNF was present in adult brain.     

Distribution of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Rats and Its Changes with Development in the Brain

Abstract: A newly established, sensitive, two-site enzyme-immunoassay system for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is described. Using this system, we investigated the tissue distribution of BDNF and developmental changes in tissue levels of BDNF in rats. The minimal limit of detection of the assay was 3 pg/0.2 ml of assay mixture. BDNF was successfully solubilized from tissues in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride but not in any of the other buffers examined. In the rat brain at 1 month of age, the highest level of BDNF was detected in the hippocampus (5.41 ng/g of wet weight), followed by the hypothalamus (4.23 ng/g) and the septum (1.68 ng/g). In other regions, levels of BDNF ranged between 0.9 and 1.7 ng/g. The level of BDNF in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum from rats at 30 days of age was slightly higher than that in the anterior lobes. The concentration of BDNF increased in all regions of the brain with postnatal development. In peripheral tissues, BDNF was found at very low concentrations (0.65 ng/g in the spleen, 0.21 ng/g in the thymus, and 0.06 ng/g in the liver). The subfractionation of the hippocampal homogenate indicated that ∼50% of BDNF was contained in the crude nuclear fraction. Immunoblots of BDNF-immunoreactive proteins extracted from the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum contained doublet bands of protein of ∼14 kDa, a value close to the molecular mass of recombinant human BDNF. Immunocytochemical investigations showed that, in the hippocampus, BDNF was localized in the nucleus of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus and of the cells in the pyramidal cell layer. The frequency of cells that were stained in the dentate gyrus was greater than that of cells in the pyramidal cell layer.