Trois Especes Nouvelles d'Ophryoglenes: O. gelifera n. sp., O. mucosa n. sp., O. multimicronucleata n. sp. (Cilies Holotriches Peniculiens)

SYNOPSIS. A previous study with P. de Puytorac on O. bacterocaryon(3) has shown the methods of studying this Ciliate and has specified the general and buccal morphology, the morphogenesis, and the biology of vegetative individuals (theront, trophont, tomont, tomites) of this species. Three species we are describing now offer numerous common features with O. bacterocaryon. We consider them as the proper characters of genus Ophryoglena and we only insist on the specific particularities of O. gelifera, O. mucosa and O. multimicronucleata. O. gelifera is a large Ophryoglene differing from the others by a slightly asymetric, curved, spindle-shaped theront; the ellipsoidal tomont secretes abundant and clear jelly. The theront possesses one thick spindle-shaped macronucleus, one voluminous spherical micronucleus, fitting with the macronucleus. Its somatic infraciliature is dense, its buccal infraciliature is characteristic, especially in the shape of peniculus P1. This species cannot be mistaken for O. pectans Mugard(2) although it is rather near it. O. mucosa is a very small Ophryoglene. The theront has one thick elliptical macronucleus, one small micronucleus; the buccal orifice is not kidney-shaped, but quite pointed in front; there is no tragus; the somatic infraciliature is not close; the peniculus P1 is characteristic. The tomont is ellipsoidal and surrounded by a thick mucous gangue. The tomites are not close together. O. mucosa is very different from O. gelifera and O. pectans Mugard(2). O. multimicronucleata. Near to O. polymicrocaryon Mugard(2), this Ophryoglene differs from it by the small size of all its vegetative elements and especially by its nuclear-apparatus. The latter includes numerous (5 to 6) bulky spherical micronuclei and one macronucleus looking like blackpudding which can be compared to that of O. singularis Canella and Trinchas(1). The theront is spindle-shaped and of a dark-grey colour. The spherical tomont secretes a mucous gangue which is not very thick. Besides, the somatic infraciliature and buccal in fraciliature of the theront (peniculus P1 especially) make O. multi micronucleata quite distinct from O. polymicrocaryon Mugard(2).     

Oberonia swaminathanii sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Kerala,India

Oberonia swaminathanii, a new species of Orchidaceae from Wayanad district, Kerala, India is described and illustrated. The new species resembles Oberonia balakrishnanii, O. chandrasekharanii and O. seidenfadeniana by its 3‐lobed labellum and 2‐lobuled midlobe; but differs in having brick‐red coloured flowers, triangular labellum disc, and a subglobose column.     

中国鸢尾兰属(兰科)植物二新记录种

该文报道了兰科(Orchidaceae)鸢尾兰属(Oberonia Lindl.)2个中国新记录种,即心唇鸢尾兰(O. orbicularis Hooker f.)和凭祥鸢尾兰(O. delacourii Gagnep.)。其中,心唇鸢尾兰(O. orbicularis)与国内分布的全唇鸢尾兰(O. integerrima)和扁葶鸢尾兰(O. pachyrachis)均较为相似,但该种花葶中下部两侧具狭翅,不与叶合生,唇瓣边缘具明显的啮蚀状齿或细流苏状,先端中部具明显凹缺,可明显区别。心唇鸢尾兰(O. orbicularis)于2013年首次发现于云南省勐腊县,为中国新记录种。凭祥鸢尾兰(O. delacourii)与剑叶鸢尾兰(O. ensiformis)最为相近,但前者唇瓣中裂片先端小裂片近方形,小裂片先端边缘具流苏状齿,可明显区别于后者。凭祥鸢尾兰自1929年发表以来,除模式产地老挝外,至今未见新分布点的报道,为中国新记录种。文中提供了两个新记录种的形态特征描述,凭证标本存放于中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。     

Phylogenetic relationships of Oxytropis chankaensis Jurtz. and Oxytropis oxyphylla (Pall.) DC. (Fabaceae) inferred from the data of sequencing of the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA operon and intergenic spacers of the chloroplast genome

The autotetraploid Oxytropis chankaensis Jurtz. is the only representative of the section Baicalia (subgenus Oxytropis, Fabaceae) in Primorskii Krai, and its range is restricted to the sandy belt along the western coast of the Khanka Lake. The type species of the section Baicalia is O. oxyphylla (Pall.) DC., and O. chankaensis is regarded by some authors as its synonym. Analysis of the ITS sequences showed that O. chankaensis is phylogenetically closely related to the species O. oxyphylla and O. racemosa Turcz. from the section Baicalia and also to the species O. anertii Nakai., O. ciliata Turcz., and O. inschanica H.C. Fu & S.H. Cheng from the section Xerobia, but this analysis failed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the species within the genus Oxytropis. The analysis of the trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, and petG-trnP regions of cpDNA revealed molecular differences between O. chankaensis and O. oxyphylla that are indicative of considerable divergence of their chloroplast genomes. The ancestral lineages of these species diverged nearly 2 million years ago, which confirms the taxonomic validity of O. chankaensis. Taking into account the ecological specificity of O. chankaensis and the present-day distribution range of O. oxyphylla, it can be assumed that they descended from one ancestral maternal lineage that gave rise to the species of the section Baicalia.     

Interrelationship of cultivated rices Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima with wild O. perennis complex

Summary Phylogenetic relationship of the cultivated rices Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima with the O. perennis complex, distributed on the three continents of Asia, Africa and America, and O. australiensis has been studied using Fraction 1 protein and two repeated DNA sequences as markers. Fraction 1 protein isolated from the leaf tissue of accessions of different species was subjected to isoelectric focusing. All the species studied have similar nuclear-encoded small subunit polypeptides and chloroplast-encoded large subunit polypeptides, except two of the O. perennis accessions from South America and O. australiensis, which have a different pattern for the chloroplast subunit. Two DNA sequences were isolated from Eco R1 restriction endonuclease digests of total DNA from O. sativa. One of the sequences has been characterized as highly repeated satellite DNA, and the other one as a moderately repeated DNA sequence. These sequences were used as probes in DNA/DNA hybridization with restriction endonuclease digested DNA from some accessions of the different species. Those accessions that are divergent for large subunit polypeptides of Fraction 1 protein (O. australiensis and two of the four South American O. perennis accessions) also lack the satellite DNA and have a different hybridization pattern with the moderately repeated sequence. All other accessions, irrespective of their geographical origin, are similar. We propose that various accessions of O. perennis from Africa and Asia are closely related to O. sativa and O. glaberrima, and that the dispersal of cultivated and O. perennis rices to different continents may be quite recent. The American O. perennis is a heterogeneous group. Some of the accessions ascribed to this group are closely related to the Asian and African O. perennis, while others have diverged.     

Some ascaridoid nematodes of fishes: Paranisakis and Mawsonascaris n. g.

As a result of examination of type-material and other specimens representing species previously assigned to Paranisakis Baylis, 1923, it is proposed that this genus be reduced to one species, namely P. squatinae Baylis, 1923. The other species are distributed as follows: pastinacae Rudolphi, 1819, australis Johnston & Mawson, 1943 and laymani Mozgovoy, 1950 are assigned to a new genus Mawsonascaris. The main features differentiating Mawsonascaris from Paranisakis are: dentigerous ridges on the lips (absent in Paranisakis), digitiform extensions of the labial pulp (absent in Paranisakis), excretory pore posterior to the nerve-ring (anterior to the nerve-ring in Paranisakis) and long filiform spicules (short and stout in Paranisakis). The following new host records are reported: Rhinobatos cemiculus for P. squatinae; and Aptychotrema banksii, Rhinobatos batillum, Rhynchobatus dijddensis and Taeniura lymma for M. australis. Specimens were not available from teleosts. It is considered that the proposal of Yamaguti (1961) to raise the subgenus Ortoanisakis Mozgovoy, 1951 to full generic status be upheld provisionally, Ortoanisakis containing species from teleosts, formerly in Paranisakis, but described as having no dentigerous ridges and no gubernaculum. These include O. lophii (Yamaguti, 1935), O. halieutaeae (Yamaguti 1941), O. muraenesocis (Yamaguti, 1935), O. lophii hoplobrotulae (Yamaguti, 1941) and O. sciaenae Khan & Begum, 1971. The remaining species formerly in Paranisakis are relegated to the status of species inquirendae.     

Description of Ochthebius (Asiobates) irenae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) from the Iberian Peninsula,with Notes on its Ecology

Ochthebius irenae sp. n. is described from Albacete (SE Spain, Iberian Peninsula). The external morphology of the new species is close to O. bonnairei, O. ferroi and O. heydeni, although the structure of the aedeagus places it in an isolated position. The species was found in a shallow temporary pond close to a saline lagoon over gypsiferous soils.     

Oxytropis sobolevskajae sp. nov. (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae,Galegeae) from Tuva Republic (south Siberia,Russia)

Oxytropis sobolevskajae Pjak, a new species endemic to Tuva Republic (south Siberia, Russia), is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to O. sect. Xerobia Bunge subsect. Ampulla Vass. and is confined to the central Tuva depression. This species is probably most closely related to O. leptophylla (Pall.) DC., from which it is easily distinguished by the number of leaflet pairs, the length and type of inflorescence, and the length of the keel cusp.     

Morphological and molecular characterization of xOrchiaceras bergonii (Nanteuil) E.G. Cam

Abstract

Specimens of the orchid hybrid xOrchiaceras bergonii and of the two putative parental species Orchis simia and Aceras anthropophorum from Southern Italy were examined by using both morphology and molecular techniques. Hybrid morphological characters and protein profiles were intermediate between those of the two putative parental species. Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment polymorphism analysis showed differences between O. simia and A. anthropophorum. Hybrid restriction patterns were completely identical to the ones of O. simia. The data presented here confirm both the hybrid nature of xO. bergonii and that O. simia and A. anthropophorum are the parental species. Results also show that O. simia is the maternal lineage of the hybrid. The usefulness of a molecular approach in detecting maternal lineages in orchid hybrids as related to the understanding of the reproductive mechanism in parental species and to the direction of gene flow in hybrid formation are discussed.     

The genusOligolecithus Vercammen-Grandjean (Digenea: Telorchiidae) fromXenopus spp. (Anura: Pipidae), with a description ofO. siluranae n. sp. fromX. tropicalis (Gray) in Ghana

The taxonomy, host range and geographical distribution ofOligolecithus Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960, a genus of telorchiid digeneans fromXenopus spp. in Africa, is reviewed.O. jonkershoekensis Pritchard, 1964 is established as a junior synonym ofO. elianae Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960, andO. siluranae n. sp. is described fromX. tropicalis in Ghana. These two species are differentiated by variations in body length, testicular arrangement and ventral sucker width in proportion to body size.O. elianae occurs inX. laevis laevis from South Africa and Zimbabwe (new locality record),X. l. poweri from Zaire,X. l. victorianus from Zaire, Uganda and Rwanda (new locality record),X. l. bunyoniensis (new host record) from Uganda andX. l. sudanensis from Sudan (new host and locality record). It is also found inX. wittei from Uganda and Zaire andX. vestitus (new host record) from Uganda. The host ofO. siluranae belongs to a separate species group within the genusXenopus from the hosts ofO. elianae; this tropicalis group is phylogenetically isolated, but it also occurs in a different biotype, lowland tropical rain forest, ecologically distinct from the other known host species.     

Biosystematic studies on the umbellatum-angustifolium complex of the genus Ornithogalum. (Liliaceae). II. Genome characterization and evolution

Chromosome banding techniques (Giemsa and fluorochrome staining) were used to investigate Ornithogalum umbellatum L., O. angustifolium Bor. and 11 related taxa. Nine different basic Q-banding patterns, referred to as genomes, could be recognised. These patterns are indicated by capitals (A–E, P–S). Six of the nine basic genome types can be subdivided into different subtypes. The B genome was found in the two bulbilliferous species, i.e. O. umbellatum and O. angustifolium. It occurs in a number of combinations together with the A, C, D and E genomes. Genome combinations of these five basic types were found in seven species. Six of them share morphological characteristics. These species are: O. monticolum Jord. & Fourr., O. baeticum Boiss., O. angustifolium, O. refractum, Kit., O. umbellatum and O. algeriense Jord. & Fourr. A seventh species, O. platyphyllum Boiss., in which the E genome occurs, can be regarded as an intermediate between this complex and the O. montanum group. Each species is treated extensively; its morphology, geographical distribution, chromosome number and banding patterns are discussed separately. A model of the probable course of the evolution in this complex during the last two glaciation periods is described. In this model attention is paid to ecological differentiation, migration leading to the present distribution patterns, hybridization followed by polyploidization and to fixation, which may be the result of chromosomal rearrangements that prevent regular meiosis. Some cytotypes, formerly regarded as O. umbellatum, are now classified in other species. A second polyploid complex in which these species occur, is probably more widely distributed in south-eastern Europe than is generally thought at present. The species O. exscapum Ten., O. nivale Boiss., O. comosum L., O. collinum Guss. and O. gussonei Ten. p.p. are components of this complex. The delimitation of this complex as a whole and the relationship between its diploid and polyploid components have still to be clarified.     

Some morphometric,anatomical and biochemical characteristics of fruits and seeds of Onobrychis spp. in Italy

ABSTRACT

The fruits, seed coats and seed storage proteins of Onobrychis arenaria, O. montana, O. viciifolia, O. alba, O. supina and O. caput-galli were studied to examine the variability between and within species. The morphometric characteristics of the fruit had a high intraspecific variability which often exceeded that between species. Only the fruit of O. caput-galli had values for length, width, thickness and number of thorns which were almost always higher than those of the other species. The anatomical characteristics of the seed coats were extremely variable. The highest values of seed coat thickness were recorded in the diploid species. The palisade-like layer (or Malpighian cells) in O. caput-galli differed in size and morphology from that of the other species. The electrophoretic analysis revealed that the number and position of storage proteins varied between and within species.     

Oberonia pygmaea sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Thailand

In the context of an ongoing revision of the orchid genus Oberonia in Thailand, we describe and illustrate a new species under the name O. pygmaea Bunpha, H. A. Pedersen & Sridith. Vegetatively, the tiny new species is particularly similar to O. rufilabris Lindl. (widespread in mainland southeast Asia, including Thailand), whereas its floral morphology comes closest to the much larger O. costeriana J. J. Sm. from Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi. So far, O. pygmaea is only known from Pang Ung in the northern Thai province of Mae Hong Son, but we suggest that it should also be searched for in hill evergreen forest in adjoining parts of the Dawna Range, both in Thailand and Myanmar.     

Local differentiation amidst extensive allele sharing in Oryza nivara and O. rufipogon

Genetic variation patterns within and between species may change along geographic gradients and at different spatial scales. This was revealed by microsatellite data at 29 loci obtained from 119 accessions of three Oryza series Sativae species in Asia Pacific: Oryza nivara Sharma and Shastry, O. rufipogon Griff., and O. meridionalis Ng. Genetic similarities between O. nivara and O. rufipogon across their distribution are evident in the clustering and ordination results and in the large proportion of shared alleles between these taxa. However, local‐level species separation is recognized by Bayesian clustering and neighbor‐joining analyses. At the regional scale, the two species seem more differentiated in South Asia than in Southeast Asia as revealed by F_ST analysis. The presence of strong gene flow barriers in smaller spatial units is also suggested in the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results where 64% of the genetic variation is contained among populations (as compared to 26% within populations and 10% among species). Oryza nivara (H_E = 0.67) exhibits slightly lower diversity and greater population differentiation than O. rufipogon (H_E = 0.70). Bayesian inference identified four, and at a finer structural level eight, genetically distinct population groups that correspond to geographic populations within the three taxa. Oryza meridionalis and the Nepalese O. nivara seemed diverged from all the population groups of the series, whereas the Australasian O. rufipogon appeared distinct from the rest of the species.     

Ophiostoma arduennense sp. nov. (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) from Fagus sylvatica in southern Belgium

Ophiostoma arduennense sp. nov. is described from several cultures isolated from Fagus sylvatica in southern Belgium. The species is mainly characterized by globose perithecia with small button-like bases ornamented with brown hyphal hairs of variable length and, long cylindrical necks ending in ostiolate hyphae. It is homothallic with small reniform ascospores and no apparent anamorph. It is closely associated with the ambrosia beetles Xyloterus domesticus and X. signatus. Its phylogenetic relationships within Ophiostoma are discussed and the species is compared with other Ophiostoma species associated with European beech or other broad-leaved trees in Europe, especially species of the O. quercus–O. piceae complex. The species is responsible for a dark brown staining of the sapwood and its role in the decline of beech in Southern Belgium is also discussed.     

New cytological data in Ophrys sect. Pseudophrys Godfery and comparative karyomorphological studies in Ophrys L. (Orchidaceae)

Eight species of Ophrys sect. Pseudophrys (Orchidaceae) were cytogenetically studied. The analysed species possess the most symmetrical karyotypes of the genus (M_CA ranged from 10.21 to 15.87 and CV_CL from 19.61 to 23.93) with 2n = 2x = 36, being composed of mainly metacentric chromosomes. The karyotype formulae were: 36m for Ophrys archimedea, 32m + 4sm for O. flammeola, 32m + 4sm for O. funerea, 36m for O. laurensis, 36m for O. lojaconoi, 34m + 2sm for O. lucifera, 34m + 2sm for O. obaesa and 36m for O. pallida. Karyotype morphometric characters were evaluated by calculating M_CA and CV_CL for the assessment of karyotype asymmetry, and CV_CI for the evaluation of heterogeneity in the position of the centromeres. The relationships between species were thus finally elucidated. The species characterised by wide distribution show greater karyomorphological distance than those with restricted distribution. The possible evolutionary role of chromosomal rearrangements as well as gene mutations in the speciation of Ophrys is discussed.     

Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new benthic toxic Ostreopsis species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea

The new benthic toxic dinoflagellate, Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov., is described from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon and Cyprus coasts, and is supported by morphological and molecular data. The plate formula, Po, 3′, 7″, 6c, 7s, 5?, 2′′′′, is typical for the Ostreopsis genus. It differs from all other Ostreopsis species in that (i) the curved suture between plates 1′ and 3′ makes them approximately hexagonal, (ii) the 1′ plate lies in the left half of the epitheca and is obliquely orientated leading to a characteristic shape of plate 6″. The round thecal pores are bigger than the other two Mediterranean species (O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis). O. fattorussoi is among the smallest species of the genus (DV: 60.07 ± 5.63 μm, AP: 25.66 ± 2.97 μm, W: 39.81 ± 5.05 μm) along with O. ovata. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU and internal transcribed spacer rDNA shows that O. fattorussoi belongs to the Atlantic/Mediterranean Ostreopsis spp. clade separated from the other Ostreopsis species. Ostreopsis fattorussoi produces OVTX‐a and structural isomers OVTX‐d and ‐e, O. cf. ovata is the only other species of this genus known to produce these toxins. The Lebanese O. fattorussoi did not produce the new palytoxin‐like compounds (ovatoxin‐i, ovatoxin‐j₁, ovatoxin‐j₂, and ovatoxin‐k) that were previously found in O. fattorussoi from Cyprus. The toxin content was in the range of 0.28–0.94 pg · cell^?1. On the Lebanon coast, O. fattorussoi was recorded throughout the year 2015 (temperature range 18°C–31.5°C), with peaks in June and August.