干旱区人工防护林带不同林分凋落叶分解及养分释放

2007年10月下旬至2008年11月,采用原位模拟分解网袋法,对新疆克拉玛依市区北郊人工防护林新疆杨、紫穗槐及二者混合凋落叶进行为期365 d的分解及养分释放动态试验.结果表明：树种不同,凋落叶质量损失率的动态变化不同;凋落叶组成对质量损失率有显著影响,与单优林凋落叶相比,紫穗槐与新疆杨凋落叶混合后更易于分解.经修正Olson负指数衰减模型分析,新疆杨凋落叶分解系数最低(k=0.167),混合凋落叶分解系数最高(k=0.275),估测3种凋落叶半分解和95％分解所需时间为2.41～4.19 a和10.79～17.98 a.不同的分解时期3种凋落叶中N、P和K的残留率不同,分解1年后,K为净释放,N和P为固持或从周围环境中吸收而富集.分解过程中,除紫穗槐凋落叶在分解中期有机碳分解率下降外,其他处理凋落叶有机碳分解率均不断上升,1年后分解率在35.5%～44.2%之间.C/N值基本呈下降趋势,分解前期和中期下降幅度较小,后期下降较快.     

The effect of flooding and flood timing on leaf litter breakdown rates and nutrient dynamics in a river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forest

Comparisons of litter standing-stocks in low-lying and higher areas of the floodplain and the effects of controlled flooding events on leaf litter decomposition and leaf litter nutrients were examined during autumn and winter in a southeastern Australian river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) floodplain forest. The mean mass of total litter and some litter components was significantly greater in autumn than in winter but there were few differences in litter mass between low-lying flood runners and higher sites (1.5 m) on the floodplain, regardless of season. Leaf decomposition was more rapid in flooded areas than in non-flooded areas and was significantly faster in autumn than in winter. In flooded leaves, concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen dropped rapidly during the first 3 days of each experiment, increased to near original after 7–10 weeks and then decreased again. After 112 days of decomposition the C:N:P ratios of leaf litter increased, but this effect was most marked for flooded leaves. Simple models of leaf litter dynamics indicated that leaf litter standing-stocks in low-lying flood runners would be reduced by flooding, particularly during autumn. In contrast, models predicted a net gain in standing-stocks of leaf litter to be higher on the floodplain, particularly in autumn. Alteration to the seasonal timing of floods by river regulation has probably decreased litter standing-stocks and nutrients available in low-lying areas of the floodplain to support the production of macrophytes and biofilms during winter and spring floods.     

Litterfall and nutrient dynamics shift in tropical forest restoration sites after a decade of recovery

Multi‐year studies comparing changes in litterfall biomass and nutrient inputs in sites under different restoration practices are lacking. We evaluated litterfall dynamics and nutrient inputs at 5 yr and after a decade of recovery in four treatments (natural regeneration—no planting, plantation—entire area planted, tree islands—planting in patches, and reference forest) at multiple sites in an agricultural landscape in southern Costa Rica. We inter‐planted two native species (Terminalia amazonia and Vochysia guatemalensis) and two naturalized N‐fixing species (Inga edulis and Erythrina poeppigiana) in plantation and island treatments. Although litterfall N was higher in plantations in the first sampling period, litter production and overall inputs of C, N, Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Mn, and Fe did not differ between island, plantation, or reference forest after a decade; however, all were greater than in natural regeneration. Potassium inputs were lower in the natural regeneration, intermediate in island and plantation, and greater in reference forest. The percentage of litterfall comprised by the N‐fixing planted species declined by nearly two‐thirds in both plantations and islands between sampling periods, while the percentage of V. guatemalensis more than doubled, and the percentage from naturally regenerated species increased from 27 to 47 percent in islands. Island and plantation treatments were equally effective at restoring litterfall and nutrient inputs to levels similar to the reference system. The nutrient input changed substantially over the 7‐yr interval between measurements, reflecting shifts in vegetation composition and demonstrating how rapidly nutrient cycling dynamics can change in recovering forests.     

Soil nutrient dissimilarity and litter nutrient limitation as major drivers of home field advantage in riparian tropical forests

Decomposition is a key process driving carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. The home field advantage effect (HFA) has been found to accelerate decomposition rates when litter originates from “home” when compared to other (“away”) sites. It is still poorly known how HFA plays out in tropical, riparian forests, particularly in forests under restoration. We carried out three independent reciprocal litter transplant experiments to test how litter quality, soil nutrient concentrations, and successional stage (age) influenced HFA in tropical riparian forests. These experimental areas formed a wide gradient of soil and litter nutrients, which we used to evaluate the more general hypothesis that HFA varies with dissimilarity in soil nutrients and litter quality. We found that HFA increased with soil nutrient dissimilarity, suggesting that litter translocation uncouples relationships between decomposers and litter characteristics; and with litter N:P, indicating P limitation in this system. We also found negative HFA effects at a site under restoration that presented low decomposer ability, suggesting that forest restoration does not necessarily recover decomposer communities and nutrient cycling. Within each of the independent experiments, the occurrence of HFA effects was limited and their magnitude was not related to forest age, nor soil and litter quality. Our results imply that HFA effects in tropical ecosystems are influenced by litter nutrient limitation and soil nutrient dissimilarity between home and away sites, but to further disentangle major HFA drivers in tropical areas, a gradient of dissimilarity between litter and soil properties must be implemented in future experimental designs.     

永利煤矿复垦区植物叶片和枯落物生态化学计量学特征

为了明确煤矿复垦区植被恢复与重建以及不同物种的合理配置,以内蒙古永利露天煤矿复垦区不同植物群落叶片和枯落物为研究对象,通过对其碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量(质量含量)及生态化学计量学特征的研究,探讨煤矿复垦区植物养分状况及限制因子,同时研究叶片和枯落物之间的养分循环状况。结果表明:(1)不同植物类型叶片C含量变化较大,表现为乔木(侧柏537.96 g/kg)最大,草本(沙打旺423.73 g/kg)最小;N、P、K含量变化较小。枯落物中沙棘C含量(417.84 g/kg)显著高于沙打旺、柠条;N、P含量差异显著,氮含量表现为沙打旺(20.30 g/kg)最大,柠条最小,磷含量表现为沙打旺(1.57 g/kg)最大,沙棘最小;沙打旺K含量(6.31 g/kg)显著高于沙棘、柠条。叶片C、N、P、K含量高于枯落物。N、P、K的回收率分别为5.17%—50.16%、4.19%—6.41%、11.27%—23.24%,其中P回流率表现为沙打旺(6.41%)最大,柠条最小;K回流率表现为沙棘(23.24%)最大,柠条最小。(2)灌木、草本植物N/P16,乔木类N/P14,灌木类、草本类生长受制于P,乔木类生长受制于N。结合土壤C、N、P含量,建议在植被恢复初期种植豆科等先锋植物,随着土壤肥力的提高再逐步种植灌木、乔木。     

Beta diversity and oligarchic dominance in the tropical forests of Southern Costa Rica

Recent studies have reported a consistent pattern of strong dominance of a small subset of tree species in neotropical forests. These species have been called “hyperdominant” at large geographical scales and “oligarchs” at regional‐landscape scales when being abundant and frequent. Forest community assembly is shaped by environmental factors and stochastic processes, but so far the contribution of oligarchic species to the variation of community composition (i.e., beta diversity) remains poorly known. To that end, we established 20.1‐ha plots, that is, five sites with four forest types (ridge, slope and ravine primary forest, and secondary forest) per site, in humid lowland tropical forests of southwestern Costa Rica to (a) investigate how community composition responds to differences in topography, successional stage, and distance among plots for different groups of species (all, oligarch, common and rare/very rare species) and (b) identify oligarch species characterizing changes in community composition among forest types. From a total of 485 species of trees, lianas and palms recorded in this study only 27 species (i.e., 6%) were nominated as oligarch species. Oligarch species accounted for 37% of all recorded individuals and were present in at least half of the plots. Plant community composition significantly differed among forest types, thus contributing to beta diversity at the landscape scale. Oligarch species was the component best explained by geographical and topographic variables, allowing a confident characterization of the beta diversity among tropical lowland forest stands. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.     

Leaf litter decomposition rates in degraded and fragmented tropical rain forests of Borneo

Previously extensive tracts of primary rain forest have been degraded by human activities, and we examined how the effects of forest disturbance arising from habitat fragmentation and commercial selective logging affected ecosystem functioning in these habitats by studying leaf litter decomposition rates in litter bags placed on the forest floor. The rain forests of Borneo are dominated by trees from the family Dipterocarpaceae, and we compared leaf litter decomposition rates of three dipterocarp species at eight forest fragment sites (area 3–3529 ha) that had different histories of disturbance pre‐fragmentation: four fragments had been selectively logged prior to fragmentation and four had been formed from previously undisturbed forest. We compared these logged and unlogged forest fragments with sites in continuous forest that had been selectively logged (two sites) and fully protected and undisturbed (two sites). After 120 d, undisturbed continuous forest sites had the fastest rates of decomposition (52% mass loss). Forest fragments formed from unlogged forest (32% mass loss) had faster decomposition rates than logged forest fragments (28% mass loss), but slower rates than continuous logged forest (39% mass loss). Leaves of a light‐demanding species (Parashorea malaanonan) decomposed faster than those of a shade‐tolerant species (Hopea nervosa), but decomposition of all three dipterocarp species that we studied responded similarly to logging and fragmentation effects. Reduced decomposition rates in logged and fragmented forest sites may affect nutrient cycling and thus have detrimental consequences for forest regeneration. Conservation management to improve forest quality should be a priority, particularly in logged forest fragments.     

Leaf litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate communities in headwater streams draining pine and hardwood catchments

Benthic invertebrates, litter decomposition, andlitterbag invertebrates were examined in streamsdraining pine monoculture and undisturbed hardwoodcatchments at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in thesouthern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Bimonthlybenthic samples were collected from a stream draininga pine catchment at Coweeta during 1992, and comparedto previously collected (1989–1990) benthic data froma stream draining an adjacent hardwood catchment. Litter decomposition and litterbag invertebrates wereexamined by placing litterbags filled with pine ormaple litter in streams draining pine catchments andhardwood catchments during 1992–1993 and 1993–1994. Total benthic invertebrate abundance and biomass inthe pine stream was ca. 57% and 74% that of thehardwood stream, respectively. Shredder biomass wasalso lower in the pine stream but, as a result ofhigher Leuctra spp. abundance, shredderabundance was higher in the pine stream than thehardwood stream. Decomposition rates of both pine andred maple litter were significantly faster in pinestreams than adjacent hardwood streams (p<0.05). Total shredder abundance, biomass, and production weresimilar in maple bags from pine and hardwood streams. However, trichopteran shredder abundance and biomass,and production of some trichopteran taxa such asLepidostoma spp., were significantly higher in maplelitterbags from pine streams than hardwood streams(p<0.05). In contrast, plecopteran shredders(mainly Tallaperla sp.) were more important inmaple litterbags from hardwood streams. Shredderswere well represented in pine litterbags from pinestreams, but low shredder values were obtained frompine litterbags in hardwood streams. Resultssuggest conversion of hardwood forest to pinemonoculture influences taxonomic composition of streaminvertebrates and litter decomposition dynamics. Although the impact of this landscape-leveldisturbance on invertebrate shredder communitiesappeared somewhat subtle, significant differences indecomposition dynamics indicate vital ecosystem-levelprocesses are altered in streams draining pinecatchments.     

模拟冻融环境下亚高山森林凋落物分解速率及有机碳动态

森林凋落物分解是森林生态系统物质循环的重要环节,季节性冻融交替是影响凋落物分解的重要环境因素之一,但不同林型的凋落物对冻融响应的差异性很少被量化。为了解冻融环境对森林凋落物分解进程的影响,以川西亚高山森林地区阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林3种典型林型的凋落物为实验材料,从凋落物基质质量、冻融环境等影响凋落分解的因素着手,采用模拟冻融循环过程（-5-5℃）,研究了冻融循环中3种林型凋落物分解速率和有机碳含量的动态变化。结果发现,3中典型林型凋落物经过不同冻融处理后,其质量损失、质量损失速率均存在显著差异（P<0.05）。混交林凋落物和针叶林凋落物的分解速率呈慢-快-慢的趋势,而阔叶林凋落物的分解速率逐渐减小。在冻融循环处理下,3种林型的凋落物碳绝对含量呈波动下降的趋势,说明微生物固定外源碳和凋落物释放碳间存在动态平衡。相同林型的凋落物在不同冻融处理下,有机碳释放有显著差异（P<0.05）。其中,冻融环境显著（P<0.05）促进了混交林凋落物和针叶林凋落物有机碳的释放,但是对阔叶林凋落物有机碳的释放没有起到促进作用。这表明全球气候变暖情景下,亚高山森林土壤冻融事件频发将加快凋落物的分解,但变化程度受到凋落物质量控制。     

外源氮添加对温带荒漠地表凋落物分解及养分释放的影响

采用分解网袋法,在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘设置对照N₀(0 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、N₅(5 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、N₁₀(10 g N·m^-2·a^-1)和N₂₀(20 g N·m^-2·a^-1)4个施N处理,研究外源N添加对多枝柽柳、盐角草及两者混合凋落物分解过程及养分释放的影响,分析氮沉降对荒漠生态系统凋落物分解的影响。结果表明: 各物种凋落物的分解速率存在显著差异,经过345 d的分解,多枝柽柳、盐角草及混合物在不同N处理间的分解速率分别为0.64～0.70、0.84～0.99和0.71～0.81 kg·kg^-1·a^-1。凋落物分解过程中,N、P均表现为养分的直接释放,试验结束时,N₀、N₅、N₁₀和N₂₀处理单种凋落物及其混合物N分别释放60.6%～67.4%、56.7%～62.6%、57.4%～62.3%、46.8%～63.0%,P分别释放51.9%～77.9%、59.9%～74.7%、53.0%～79.9%、52.3%～76.4%。N处理对单种凋落物及其混合物的分解影响不显著,但各种凋落物的养分动态对N添加的响应不同,N处理抑制了盐角草N、P释放及混合凋落物P释放,而对多枝柽柳无影响。在温带荒漠,适量的N输入对凋落物分解速率影响不大,但可能会延缓个别物种养分向土壤系统的归还。     

桂西北喀斯特区原生林与次生林凋落叶降解和养分释放

凋落叶降解及养分释放研究对喀斯特生态脆弱区森林生态系统的恢复与重建具有重要指导意义。本文选取桂西北喀斯特区3种原生林与3种次生林进行比较,研究其凋落叶降解与降解过程中的营养元素释放规律以及降解速率的影响因子。结果表明,原生林凋落叶的降解速率略大于次生林。C、N、K元素在前180天释放速率较快,随后趋于稳定。次生林凋落叶总P含量在降解初始阶段呈净积累,随后净释放,而原生林的凋落叶在降解360天后仍呈现P素净积累。相关分析表明,凋落叶降解速率与凋落叶初始总N、木质素含量及木质素:N比值呈负相关,与C:N比呈正相关。综合比较发现,次生林圆叶乌桕(Sapium rotundifolium Hemsl)凋落叶的降解速率与养分释放速率较快,是喀斯特退化土地及植被恢复过程中潜在的优势种和建群种。     

九寨沟国家自然保护区4个典型树种叶片凋落物在林下及高山湖泊中的分解及养分释放特征

叶片凋落物分解对生态系统的养分循环和生产力有着重要意义。该文利用网袋分解法对九寨沟国家自然保护区内黄果冷杉(Abies ernestii)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)和高山柳(Salix cupularis) 4个典型树种叶片凋落物在林下及高山湖泊中的分解及养分释放特征进行了对比研究。结果表明: 1)叶片凋落物分解质量损失规律符合Olson的负指数衰减模型(r > 0.93, p < 0.01), 4个树种叶片在林下完全分解(99%)的时间依次为: 高山柳(6.80 a) <红桦(10.34 a) <黄果冷杉(18.88 a) <油松(27.21 a), 且分别是其在水体中分解的1.48倍、1.55倍、1.80倍和1.65倍。2)分解1年后凋落物质量剩余率(MR)和氮素剩余率(NR)均与叶片初始N含量极显著负相关, 而与叶片初始C:N值极显著正相关。3)不同树种间叶片N和P释放特征差异明显, 且在林下和水体间的释放模式也存在差异; 高山柳叶片凋落物在林下和水体分解过程中N元素从分解初期便开始释放, 而其他树种叶片凋落物N元素释放前存在明显的富集过程; 各树种叶片凋落物P元素释放模式为释放—富集—释放。研究表明: 叶片凋落物分解是一个受其自身性质和外界环境因素共同作用的复杂过程, 而凋落物在高山湖泊中的快速分解将对保护区现有的水体景观产生潜在影响。     

Soil organic matter and litter chemistry response to experimental N deposition in northern temperate deciduous forest ecosystems

The effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on organic matter decomposition vary with the biochemical characteristics of plant litter. At the ecosystem‐scale, net effects are difficult to predict because various soil organic matter (SOM) fractions may respond differentially. We investigated the relationship between SOM chemistry and microbial activity in three northern deciduous forest ecosystems that have been subjected to experimental N addition for 2 years. Extractable dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DOC aromaticity, C : N ratio, and functional group distribution, measured by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), were analyzed for litter and SOM. The largest biochemical changes were found in the sugar maple–basswood (SMBW) and black oak–white oak (BOWO) ecosystems. SMBW litter from the N addition treatment had less aromaticity, higher C : N ratios, and lower saturated carbon, lower carbonyl carbon, and higher carboxylates than controls; BOWO litter showed opposite trends, except for carbonyl and carboxylate contents. Litter from the sugar maple–red oak (SMRO) ecosystem had a lower C : N ratio, but no change in DOC aromaticity. For SOM, the C : N ratio increased with N addition in SMBW and SMRO ecosystems, but decreased in BOWO; N addition did not affect the aromaticity of DOC extracted from mineral soil. All ecosystems showed increases in extractable DOC from both litter and soil in response to N treatment. The biochemical changes are consistent with the divergent microbial responses observed in these systems. Extracellular oxidative enzyme activity has declined in the BOWO and SMRO ecosystems while activity in the SMBW ecosystem, particularly in the litter horizon, has increased. In all systems, enzyme activities associated with the hydrolysis and oxidation of polysaccharides have increased. At the ecosystem scale, the biochemical characteristics of the dominant litter appear to modulate the effects of N deposition on organic matter dynamics.     

滇中常绿阔叶林凋落物养分释放及生态化学计量特征对模拟N沉降的响应

为研究N沉降下凋落物养分释放及生态化学计量特征,以滇中磨盘山常绿阔叶林为研究对象,利用尼龙网袋法布设凋落物(凋落叶、凋落枝)原位分解试验,设置不同施N处理:对照(CK,O g N·m-2.a-1)、低氮(LN,5 g N·m-2.a-1)、中氮(MN,15 g N·m-2·a-1)和高氮(HN,30 g N ?m-2?...     

华南典型树种凋落叶的野外分解和溶解性有机质溶出动态

选用华南亚热带地区常见阔叶树种木荷和针叶树种湿地松的新近凋落叶,在野外分解0、30、60、90、150、210、240、365 d,分析溶出的溶解性有机质(DOM)浓度、组成和性质的变化,以及对土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)的影响.结果表明: 随着分解的进行,尽管木荷叶片的DOM浓度高于松针,但是2种凋落叶DOM浓度、性质和物质组成变化规律一致;2种凋落叶的DOM浓度均呈下降趋势,芳香化程度和分子量增大,富里酸、腐殖酸类物质逐渐增多,可降解的简单芳烃蛋白(如酪氨酸)逐渐减少.在分解初期,DOM主要由亲水中性和酸性部分组成,易分解、易迁移,对表层土壤DOC影响不显著;在分解后期,DOM主要为腐殖酸和富里酸类物质,吸附性强,表层土壤DOC浓度显著下降.     

亚热带不同植被恢复阶段林地凋落物层现存量和养分特征

为揭示亚热带森林植被自然恢复过程中,凋落物层现存量及其养分元素储存能力的演变,采用空间代替时间的方法,在位于亚热带丘陵区的长沙县选取地域相邻、生境条件基本一致的檵木+南烛+杜鹃灌草丛(Loropetalum chinense+Vaccinium bracteatum+Rhododendron simsii scrub-grass-land,LVR)、檵木+杉木+白栎灌木林(L.chinense+Cunninghamia lanceolata+Quercus fabri shrubbery,LCQ)、马尾松+柯+檵木针阔混交林(Pinus massoniana+Lithocarpus glaber+L.chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest,PLL)、柯+红淡比+青冈常绿阔叶林(L.glaber+Cleyera japonica+Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest,LAG)作为一个恢复序列,设置固定样地,采集未分解层(U层)、半分解层(S层)、已分解层(D层)凋落物样...     

Comparing forest structure and biodiversity on private and public land: secondary tropical dry forests in Costa Rica

Secondary forests constitute a substantial proportion of tropical forestlands. These forests occur on both public and private lands and different underlying environmental variables and management regimes may affect post‐abandonment successional processes and resultant forest structure and biodiversity. We examined whether differences in ownership led to differences in forest structure, tree diversity, and tree species composition across a gradient of soil fertility and forest age. We collected soil samples and surveyed all trees in 82 public and 66 private 0.1‐ha forest plots arrayed across forest age and soil gradients in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We found that soil fertility appeared to drive the spatial structure of public vs. private ownership; public conservation lands appeared to be non‐randomly located on areas of lower soil fertility. On private lands, areas of crops/pasture appeared to be non‐randomly located on higher soil fertility areas while forests occupied areas of lower soil fertility. We found that forest structure and tree species diversity did not differ significantly between public and private ownership. However, public and private forests differed in tree species composition: 11 percent were more prevalent in public forest and 7 percent were more prevalent in private forest. Swietenia macrophylla, Cedrela odorata, and Astronium graveolens were more prevalent in public forests likely because public forests provide stronger protection for these highly prized timber species. Guazuma ulmifolia was the most abundant tree in private forests likely because this species is widely consumed and dispersed by cattle. Furthermore, some compositional differences appear to result from soil fertility differences due to non‐random placement of public and private land holdings with respect to soil fertility. Land ownership creates a distinctive species composition signature that is likely the result of differences in soil fertility and management between the ownership types. Both biophysical and social variables should be considered to advance understanding of tropical secondary forest structure and biodiversity.     

中亚热带不同类型米槠林凋落枝溶解性有机质动态及光谱学特性

以中亚热带不同类型米槠林为对象,研究了米槠天然林、次生林和人工林凋落枝在生产量持续增加阶段、高峰阶段、持续减少3种生产阶段溶解性有机质的动态及光谱学特性。结果表明:凋落枝生产阶段和森林类型显著影响米槠凋落枝溶解性有机质含量及光谱学特征。米槠天然林在凋落枝生产量持续减少阶段溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量较高,溶解性有机质在254、260和280 nm处的特征紫外吸光值(SUVA₂₅₄、SUVA₂₆₀、SUVA₂₈₀)较低,表明该阶段天然林凋落枝质量较高,具有较高的以溶解性有机质为载体的物质循环效率。米槠人工林在凋落枝生产量高峰阶段具有较高的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性总氮(TDN)和溶解性总磷(TDP)含量以及较低的DOC∶TDP和TDN∶TDP值,但次生林凋落枝溶解性有机质含量及其光谱学特征在各阶段无显著差异。米槠天然林和次生林凋落枝DOC、TDN和TDP与气温和降水量呈负相关,人工林凋落枝TDN、TDP与气温和降水量呈正相关。人工林凋落枝生产量在高峰阶段具有较高的养分含量,可能具有相对快速的物质循环效率,天然林在凋落枝生产量下降阶段以凋落枝溶解性有机质为载体的物质循环效率相对较高。     

黄土高原典型草原优势植物凋落物分解及养分释放对氮添加的响应

利用原位分解袋法研究了黄土高原典型草原优势植物长芒草(Stipa bungeana)和阿尔泰狗娃花(Heteropappus altaicus)凋落物的养分释放过程对氮添加的响应,试验周期为1 a。设置6个氮添加水平,分别为N0(0)、N1(1.15 g N m~(-2)a~(-1))、N2(2.3 g N m~(-2)a~(-1))、N3(4.6 g N m~(-2)a~(-1))、N4(9.2 g N m~(-2)a~(-1))和N5(13.8 g N m~(-2)a~(-1)),氮素类型为尿素((NH_2)_2CO)。结果表明:(1)氮添加处理两年显著改变了长芒草和阿尔泰狗娃花凋落物的初始化学性质。随着氮梯度的增加,凋落物的N(氮)含量逐渐增加,木质素含量先增加后下降,C/N(碳氮比)和木质素/N降低,C(碳)、P(磷)和C/P(碳磷比)没有显著的差异。(2)氮处理对长芒草和阿尔泰狗娃花凋落物的分解速率的影响不显著。长芒草和阿尔泰狗娃花凋落物C含量随分解时间整体为降低过程,N和P含量总体上为增加过程,且整个分解过程中N含量各处理间差异显著。(3)氮处理对长芒草和阿尔泰狗娃花凋落物C和P的分解基本无影响,两种元素都呈现释放过程。氮处理对凋落物的N残留率有显著的影响,在N1—N3(1.15—4.6 g/m~2)处理下的长芒草凋落物N残留率高于其他处理,且呈现富集过程;而阿尔泰狗娃花凋落物中的N呈现富集-释放过程。在土壤养分贫瘠的黄土高原典型草原,适量的氮输入可以促进系统的固氮。