Development of a high-throughput microsphere-based molecular assay to identify 15 common bloodmeal hosts of Culex mosquitoes

For vectorborne infections, host selection by bloodfeeding arthropods dictates the interaction between host and pathogen. Because Culex mosquitoes that transmit West Nile virus (WNV) feed both on mammalian and avian hosts with varying competence, understanding the bloodfeeding patterns of these mosquitoes is important for understanding the transmission dynamics of WNV. Herein, we describe a new microsphere‐based assay using Luminex xMAP^® technology to rapidly identify 15 common hosts of Culex mosquitoes at our California study sites. The assay was verified with over 100 known vertebrate species samples and was used in conjunction with DNA sequencing to identify over 125 avian and mammalian host species from unknown Culex bloodmeals, more quickly and with less expense than sequencing alone. In addition, with multiplexed labelled probes, this microsphere array identified mixed bloodmeals that were difficult to discern with traditional sequencing. The microsphere set was easily expanded or reduced according to host range in a specific area, and this assay has made it possible to rapidly screen thousands of Culex spp. bloodmeals to extend our understanding of WNV transmission patterns.     

中国局限蚊属局限蚊亚属一新种（双翅目：蚊科）

本文记述了从云南西北边睡独龙江河谷栗获的一新种局限蚊——张氏局限蚊Topmyia(Topomyia)zhangi sp.nov.并根据新种的特征与近缘种作了比较和讨论。新种的模式标本全部保存于云南流行病研究所。     

云南局限蚊一新种(双翅目:蚊科)

本文记述了采自西双版纳原始森林的蚊科局限蚊属一新种,定名孟氏局限蚊.     

中国库蚊属库状蚊亚属一新种：双翅目：蚊科

本文记述库蚊属库状蚊亚属一新种——刺端库蚊,新种Culez(Culiciomyia) spiculostylussp.nov.。本新种阳茎侧板背角短粗而端钝,密布小齿并形成明显的齿簇为其独具特征。模式标本系1985年8月11日采自云南省西双版纳勐腊县新公社一积水坑,存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。     

孳生于蟹洞的蓝带蚊一新种：双翅目：蚊科

本文记述于1984年至1986年在贵州省赤水县楠竹林区蟹洞中采获的一新种蓝带蚊。为悼念已故蚊类学家孟庆华教授特命名为孟氏蓝带蚊 Uranotaenia(Pseudoficalbia)mengi新种。 本新种模式标本系1984年11月,1985年2、8月先后采自竹林区溪边的蟹洞积水。存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。     

云南西部局限蚊属一新种：（双翅目：蚊科）

本文报道１９８９年８月从滇西边陲盈江县那邦河谷地带的野生芭蕉叶腋采获的一新种局限蚊－－长鬃局限蚊Ｔｏｐｏｍｙｉａ（Ｔ．）ｌｏｎｇｉｓｅｔｏｓａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本保存于云南省流行病研究所。     

云南局限蚊属一新种：双翅目：蚊科

本文记述了从云南西部边陲采获的局限蚊属局限蚊亚属Topomyia一新种,其主要特征是雌蚊小盾前区具平覆宽白鳞区;雄蚊前足跗节Ⅱ明显长于跗节Ⅲ,第9背板具发达的鬃列以及小抱器刀叶宽大呈帽状等,在本亚属中较为特殊而易与其它种区分。     

Culicidae (Diptera) selection of humans,chickens and rabbits in three different environments in the province of Chaco, Argentina

Studies were conducted to determine the selection of humans, chickens and rabbits by Culicidae in three different environments in the province of Chaco, Argentina. Mosquitoes were collected fortnightly using cylindrical metal traps containing animal bait (chickens and rabbits). The mosquitoes were collected between June 2001-May 2002. During the same period and with the same frequency, mosquitoes biting the human operators of the traps were collected during the first 15 min of exposure within different time intervals: from 09:00 am-11:00 am, 01:00 pm-03:00 pm, 05:00 pm-07:00 pm and 09:00 pm-10:00 pm. A total of 19,430 mosquitoes of 49 species belonging to 10 genera were collected. Culex species mainly selected chicken bait and Wyeomyia species selected rabbit bait. Ochlerotatus and Psorophora species were more abundant in rabbit-baited traps. Anopheles triannulatus, Coquillettidia nigricans, Ochlerotatus scapularis, Mansonia titillans and Psorophora albigenu showed a strong attraction for human bait. The Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex and Mansonia species were more active between 05:00 pm-09:00 pm, while Ochlerotatus, Psorophora, Haemagogus and Wyeomyia were most active from 09:00 am-07:00 pm. This study provides additional information about the biology and ecology of arbovirus vectors in Chaco.     

Effectiveness of zooprophylaxis in malaria control: a theoretical inquiry, with a model for mosquito populations with two bloodmeal hosts

A model for a vector mosquito population with two bloodmeal hosts (man and a domestic animal) was developed to study the influences of domestic animals on the frequency of mosquito bites on man and the endemicity of human malaria. The vector population model, including blood-feeding success in the adult stage (depending on host density and biting efficiency) and density-dependent regulation in the larval stage, was combined with the Ross-Macdonald malaria transmission model. Model analyses suggested that introduction of domestic animals easily fed upon by mosquitoes increases mosquito density and, in some situations, frequency of mosquito bites on man and the infection rate of malaria through increased success of blood-feeding. Extinction of malaria was predicted only when an extremely large number of easily accessible (as compared to man) domestic animals are introduced. Limitations in the concept of zooprophylaxis and problems of livestock management in malaria control are discussed.     

领蚊属一新种（双翅目：蚊科）

记述采自云南省腾冲县竹筒积水内领蚊1新种,以采获地命名为腾冲领蚊Heizmannia(Heizmannia）tengchongensis sp.nov.,讨论了新种与近缘种的鉴别特征。模式标本保存于云南省疟疾防治研究所。     

局限蚊属一新种(双翅目:蚊科)

记述采自云南省思茅市南岛河芭蕉叶腋积水内局限蚊1新种,讨论了新种与近缘种的鉴别特征。模式种保存于云南省寄生虫病防治所。     

河南伊蚊一新种记述（双翅目：蚊科）

报道伊蚊属覆蚊亚属Ｓｔｅｇｏｍｙｉａ一新种,即新缘纹伊蚊Ａｅｄｅｓ（Ｓｔｅｇｏｍｙｉａ）ｎｅｏｇａｌｌｏｉｓｉ Ｃｈｅｎ ｅｔ Ｃｈｅｎ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本采自河南省太行山一树洞,存放于贵阳医学院和新乡市卫生防疫站。     

按蚊亚属一新种的记述

笔者等1960年和1981年在昆明市郊龙潭坝水田内,采得一批唇基内毛分枝的按蚊幼虫。1980年在滇西北的德钦县采到同样的幼虫及羽化的成蚊。1981年又专程到龙潭坝再次采集该蚊,经隔离饲养,获得由卵至成蚊各虫期的成套标本,经鉴定为新种——昆明按蚊Anopheles kunmingensis,sp.nov。 雌蚊 中型蚊虫,翅长3.9—4.3毫米。顶鳞在中央处为乳白色,扩展至两侧为棕灰色。后头竖鳞深棕色。触角梗节及鞭节2—5有较多的窄白鳞,唇基两侧各有一小丛深棕色鳞片。触须（图1）较为粗糙,基部鳞片蓬松状,在中央处杂有白鳞,有白环4个,     

Analysis of mosquito bloodmeals by DNA profiling

Abstract. Human specific genetic markers have been used to profile the human DNA found within a mosquito bloodmeal. In this technique, variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) sequences are employed to prime amplification of human DNA in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the radiolabeled products are analysed by high resolution denaturing gel electrophoresis. Matching of DNA profiles allows identification of the individual human host. Bloodmeals of 125 female Anopheles gambiae Giles mosquitoes, caught dead or alive in verandah-trap huts wherein two people had slept overnight protected by intact insecticide-impregnated bednets, were analysed: thirty-five out of thirty-nine profiles generated were identical to those of the sleepers under the nets. Thus the blood-fed mosquitoes found after impregnated nets have been used cannot, in most cases, be explained away by entry of already fed mosquitoes into the huts.