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1.
We asked whether climate change might affect the geographic distributions of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae). We tested the effects of temperature, diet and the presence of congeneric species on the performance of immature stages of these two aedine species in the laboratory. Mosquitoes in three different species-density combinations were reared at four constant temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C) on low- or high-level diets. Of the four temperatures tested, mortality increased only at 35 °C in both species. Mortality was higher on the high-level diet than on the low-level diet at 35 °C, but not at other temperatures. The presence of congeneric species had a significant positive effect on mortality in Ae. albopictus, but not in Ae. aegypti. Both species developed more quickly at higher temperatures within the range of 20-30 °C; development was not enhanced at 35 °C. Population growth of Ae. albopictus was more stable, regardless of diet and temperature; that of Ae. aegypti varied more according to these two factors. These species-specific attributes may help to explain the latitudinal distribution of the mosquitoes and degree of species dominance where they are sympatric. 相似文献
2.
Marita Quitzau Romain Frelat Vincent Bonhomme Christian Mllmann Leopold Nagelkerke Sonia Bejarano 《Ecology and evolution》2022,12(4)
Quantifying the morphology of organisms remains fundamental in ecology given the form‐function relationship. Morphology is quantifiable in traits, landmarks, and outlines, and the choice of approach may influence ecological conclusions to an unknown extent. Here, we apply these three approaches to 111 individual coral reef fish of 40 species common in Micronesia. We investigate the major dimensions of morphological variability among individuals, families, and predefined feeding functional groups. We find that although the approaches are complementary, they coincide in capturing elongation as the main dimension of variability. Furthermore, the choice of approach led to different interpretations regarding the degree of morphological differentiation among taxonomic and feeding functional groups. We also use each morphology dataset to compute community‐scale morphological diversity on Palauan reefs and investigate how the choice of dataset affects the detection of differences among sites and wave exposure levels. The exact ranking of sites from highest to lowest morphological diversity was sensitive to the approach used, but not the broad spatial pattern of morphological diversity. Conclusions regarding the effect of wave exposure on morphological diversity were robust to the approach used. Biodiversity hotspots (e.g., areas of exceptionally high diversity and/or endemism) are considered important conservation targets but their location may depend on the biodiversity metric used. In the same vein, our results caution against labelling particular sites as morphological diversity hotspots when metrics consider only a single aspect of morphology. 相似文献
3.
Andrew D. Haddow Reid R. Gerhardt Carl J. Jones Agricola Odoi 《Journal of vector ecology》2009,34(1):70-80
A significant increase in the number of reported cases of La Crosse virus (LACV) infections in eastern Tennessee has occurred in the last ten years. The objective of this study was to determine the abundance and habitat preferences of the potential vectors of LACV in this region. Adult host‐seeking mosquitoes were collected using CO2‐baited CDC light traps and a series of human‐landing catches in eastern Tennessee from 2004 to 2006. A total of 4,200 female mosquitoes of 23 species was collected by CO2‐baited CDC trapping at ten sites during the study period. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was the most abundant mosquito collected at all sites and vegetation types, with the ratios of total Ae. albopictus to Ae. triseriatus (Say) females collected being 2.1:1 in 2004, 3.8:1 in 2005, and 4.9:1 in 2006. Ten species were collected during a series of human‐landing catches made at four different sites; one probable and three confirmed case sites of LACV infections, totaling 528 female mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus was the most abundant species collected, with a 4:1 ratio of Ae. albopictus to Ae. triseriatus females. Aedes albopictus exhibited two clear peaks of “landing” activity, one in the early morning and one in the late afternoon or early evening. Simple and multiple regression analyses of the predictors of the number of mosquitoes collected showed that populations of Ae. albopictus were three times more likely to be collected overall than Ae. triseriatus. Species (Ae. albopictus), vegetation (residential), and the previous cumulative precipitation for the four weeks prior to collection were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the number of mosquitoes collected by CO2‐baited CDC trapping. Aedes albopictus was also more likely to be collected than Ae. triseriatus at confirmed cases of LACV infections. 相似文献
4.
Andrew N. Black Heidi A. Seears Christopher M. Hollenbeck Paul B. Samollow 《Molecular ecology》2017,26(8):2237-2256
The Leon Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus) is an endangered species currently restricted to a single desert spring and a separate captive habitat in southwestern North America. Following establishment of the captive population from wild stock in 1976, the wild population has undergone natural population size fluctuations, intentional culling to purge genetic contamination from an invasive congener (Cyprinodon variegatus) and augmentation/replacement of wild fish from the captive stock. A severe population decline following the most recent introduction of captive fish prompted us to examine whether the captive and wild populations have differentiated during the short time they have been isolated from one another. If so, the development of divergent genetic and/or morphologic traits between populations could contribute to a diminished ability of fish from one location to thrive in the other. Examination of genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms and morphologic variation revealed no evidence of residual C. variegatus characteristics in contemporary C. bovinus samples. However, significant genetic and morphologic differentiation was detected between the wild and captive populations, some of which might reflect local adaptation. Our results indicate that genetic and physical characteristics can diverge rapidly between isolated subdivisions of managed populations, potentially compromising the value of captive stock for future supplementation efforts. In the case of C. bovinus, our findings underscore the need to periodically inoculate the captive population with wild genetic material to help mitigate genetic, and potentially morphologic, divergence between them and also highlight the utility of parallel morphologic and genomic evaluation to inform conservation management planning. 相似文献
5.
Tiago Canelas Edward Thomsen Basile Kamgang Louise A. Kelly-Hope 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2023,37(1):143-151
Aedes-transmitted arboviruses have spread globally due to the spread of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Its distribution is associated with human and physical geography. However, these factors have not been quantified in Cameroon. Therefore, the aim was to develop an Ae. albopictus geo-referenced database to examine the risk factors associated with the vector distribution in Cameroon. Data on the Ae. albopictus presence and absence were collated and mapped from studies in published scientific literature between 2000 and 2020. Publicly available earth observation data were used to assess human geography, land use and climate risk factors related to the vector distribution. A logistic binomial regression was conducted to identify the significant risk factors associated with Ae. albopictus distribution. In total, 111 data points were collated (presence = 87; absence = 24). Different data collection methods and sites hindered the spatiotemporal analysis. An increase of one wet month in a year increased the odds of Ae. albopictus presence by 5.6 times. One unit of peri-urban area increased the odds by 1.3 times. Using publicly available demographic and environmental data to better understand the key determinants of mosquito distributions may facilitate appropriately targeted public health messages and vector control strategies. 相似文献
6.
Colonization and maintenance of mosquitoes in the laboratory is required to study physiology, ecology, and behavior of mosquitoes and interactions between mosquito and pathogens. Artificial blood feeding systems have been widely used to maintain the laboratory colony of Aedes albopictus. In this study, we investigated the effects of mating period (1, 3, 6, and 10 days) and time‐of‐day for bloodmeal (08:00, 13:00, and 18:00) in the use of an artificial feeding system on blood‐feeding rate, female fecundity, egg hatching rate, and developmental time of the Asian tiger mosquito, A. albopictus. Younger females mated for three or fewer days reproduced more eggs compared to those of oldest females mated for ten days. Similar to the result for eggs laid, the mean egg‐hatching rate was significantly higher from the offspring of younger females than from those of older females. However, mating period and time‐of‐day for bloodmeal had no effect on the blood feeding rate and developmental time. Taken together, we suggest that three‐day mating with bloodmeal at 18:00 is optimal for maintaining colonies of A. albopictus in laboratory conditions. 相似文献
7.
A survey was conducted to evaluate the number of tree-hole breeding mosquito species and their distribution in the six principal woodland types in Israel. Out of approximately 3,000 mature trees examined, only 38 contained holes that retained water for extended periods of time, and breeding mosquitoes were observed in 27 of them. Two specialized tree-hole breeders, Aedes pulchritarsis Rondani and Aedes geniculatus Oliver, were found breeding at several sites in northern Israel, always at locations 500 m above sea level (a.s.l) and with high annual precipitation. Aedes albopictus Skuse which, in Israel, is known as an opportunistic container breeder, was found in this study to have adapted remarkably well to breeding in tree holes and was found in most forest types investigated and in most tree species which had adequate tree holes. Two other species, Culiseta annulata Schrank and Culex pipiens Linnaeus instars, were found in one of the tree holes, but did not survive to reach maturity. 相似文献
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Wing morphological variations are described here for the lycaenid butterfly Tongeia fischeri. A landmark‐based geometric morphometric approach based on wing venation of 197 male and 187 female butterflies collected in Japan was used to quantify wing size and shape variations between sexes and among populations. Sexual dimorphism in wing size and shape was detected. Females had significantly larger wings than males, while males showed a relatively elongated forewing with a longer apex and narrower wing tornus in comparison to females. Intraspecific variations in wing morphology among populations were revealed for the wing shape, but not wing size. Distinct wing shape differences were found in the vein intersections area around the distal part of the discal cell where median veins originated in the forewing and around the origin of the CU1 vein in the hindwing. In addition, phenotypic relationships inferred from wing shape variations grouped T. fischeri populations into three groups, reflecting the subspecies classification of the species. The spatial variability and phenotypic relationships between conspecific populations of T. fischeri detected here are generally in agreement with the previous molecular study based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences, suggesting the presence of a phylogenetic signal in the wing shape of T. fischeri, and thus having taxonomic implications. 相似文献
10.
In Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti, the status of insecticide resistance has not recently been evaluated for Aedes aegypti (L) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) populations. No prophylactics exist for dengue, so prevention is only through vector control methods. An earthquake occurred in Haiti on January 12, 2010, with a magnitude of 7.0 Mw that devastated the area. Dengue became a major concern for the humanitarian relief workers that entered the country. Bottle bioassays were conducted in the field on adult mosquitoes reared from larvae collected from the grounds of the U.S. Embassy and from an adjacent neighborhood in eastern Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti. At the CDC, Fort Collins, CO, bioassays, molecular, and biochemical assays were performed on mosquitoes reared from field‐collected eggs. A small percentage of the population was able to survive the diagnostic dose in bioassays run in Haiti. Mosquitoes tested at the CDC demonstrated no phenotypic resistance. A variety of factors could be responsible for the discrepancies between the field and lab data, but temperature and larval nutrition are probably most important. Knowledge of localized resistance and underlying mechanisms helps in making rational decisions in selection of appropriate and effective insecticides in the event of a dengue outbreak. 相似文献
11.
在自然界存在两种登革热传播模式：人－伊蚊－人循环,蚊媒是埃及伊蚊与白纹伊蚊。猴－伊蚊－猴循环,蚊媒是白纹伊蚊与白雪伊蚊群。我国学者首先于1975年从无输入性病例的我国西南边疆山林地区的白纹伊蚊体内分离到登革热病毒4型,白纹伊蚊承担两种传播模式的中介。本研究介绍了埃及伊蚊与白纹伊蚊的生态习性与全球及在中国的分布。认为在我国厦门地区迄今为止还未曾发现过埃及伊蚊的存在,也简介了沃尔巴克体新技术防控蚊媒研究的进展。 相似文献
12.
A. G. C. Vaux T. Dallimore B. CULL F. Schaffner C. Strode V. Pflüger A. K. Murchie I. Rea Z. Newham L. Mcginley M. Catton E. L. Gillingham J. M. Medlock 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2019,33(4):443-452
Mosquito‐borne diseases resulting from the expansion of two key vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), continue to challenge whole regions and continents around the globe. In recent years there have been human cases of disease associated with Chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses. In Europe, the expansion of Ae. albopictus has resulted in local transmission of Chikungunya and dengue viruses. This paper considers the risk that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus represent for the U.K. and details the results of mosquito surveillance activities. Surveillance was conducted at 34 points of entry, 12 sites serving vehicular traffic and two sites of used tyre importers. The most common native mosquito recorded was Culex pipiens s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae). The invasive mosquito Ae. albopictus was detected on three occasions in southern England (September 2016, July 2017 and July 2018) and subsequent control strategies were conducted. These latest surveillance results demonstrate ongoing incursions of Ae. albopictus into the U.K. via ground vehicular traffic, which can be expected to continue and increase as populations in nearby countries expand, particularly in France, which is the main source of ex‐continental traffic. 相似文献
13.
R. LACROIX H. DELATTE T. HUE J. S. DEHECQ P. REITER 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2009,23(2):160-162
In recent years, the remarkable spread of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) throughout the world has drawn attention to this hitherto poorly studied species, particularly after its role in outbreaks of chikungunya fever in the western Indian Ocean and in Italy. Variants of sterile insect technique (SIT), including the release of transgenic males with a dominant lethal gene (RIDL), have been proposed in the search for new and innovative methods of control. Knowledge of male dispersal, mating behaviour and longevity will be critical to the success of this approach. We present an effective and practical method for trapping both male and female Ae. albopictus using a mouse-baited BG-Sentinel trap. 相似文献
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Several studies have examined how climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation may affect life history traits in mosquitoes that are important to disease transmission. Despite its importance as a seasonal cue in nature, studies investigating the influence of photoperiod on such traits are relatively few. This study aims to investigate how photoperiod alters life history traits, survival, and blood‐feeding activity in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). We performed three experiments that tested the effects of day length on female survival, development time, adult size, fecundity, adult life span, and propensity to blood feed in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. Each experiment had three photoperiod treatments: 1) short‐day (10L:14D), 2) control (12L:12D), and 3) long‐day (14L:10D). Aedes albopictus adult females were consistently larger in size when reared in short‐day conditions. Aedes aegypti adult females from short‐day treatments lived longer and were more likely to take a blood meal compared to other treatments. We discuss how species‐specific responses may reflect alternative strategies evolved to increase survival during unfavorable conditions. We review the potential impacts of these responses on seasonal transmission patterns, such as potentially increasing vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti during periods of shorter day lengths. 相似文献
16.
登革热媒介昆虫抗药性的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
近年来,登革热在全球的流行迅速增长,埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti(L.)和白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus(Skuse)是登革热传播的主要媒介。目前,化学防治仍然是防治蚊虫的主要手段,每年化学杀虫剂的大量使用直接或间接地导致其产生了抗药性。关于埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的抗药性研究,主要集中于DDT、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂导致的抗药性,并已深入到抗药性分子机理的研究。文章就埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊对杀虫剂诱导的抗药性现状及抗性机理的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
17.
In the southern Appalachia of the U.S., Aedes mosquitoes maintain and transmit La Crosse virus (LACV) which causes La Crosse encephalitis, a neuroinvasive disease of children. In response to mosquito outbreaks, communities organize prevention, detection, and response measures that are dependent on local characteristics of the mosquito population and the community. Knowing Ae. albopictus is an accessory vector of LACV and a nuisance biter, our objective was to build a system of ordinary differential equations to model dynamics in a single season using our data and readily available environmental variables that can reflect the abundance and activity of Ae. albopictus. Consequently, we built an Ae. albopictus single‐season mathematical model for eastern Tennessee to fit our 2013 mosquito collection data in order to understand the population fluctuations. We included precipitation, temperature, and rate of change of temperature in the model because Aedes mosquitoes oviposit desiccant tolerant eggs with peak activity occurring over 26° C and those data are readily available and used frequently as forecast predictors. Our ordinary differential equation model accurately fits the data and facilitates predictions and better understanding of Ae. albopictus populations in southern Appalachia. 相似文献
18.
Slimane Boukraa;Fara N. Raharimalala;Jean-Yves Zimmer;Francis Schaffner;Thomas Bawin;Eric Haubruge;Frédéric Francis 《Parasite (Paris, France)》2013,20(1)
Since its first report in 2000, the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus was not found any more during the different entomological inspections performed at its place of introduction in Belgium between 2001 and 2012. In July 2013, one adult male was captured at the same site (a platform of imported used tires located in Vrasene, Oost-Vlaanderen Province), during a monitoring using CO2-baited trap. This finding suggests the reintroduction of the species in Belgium via the used tire trade. 相似文献
19.
从贵州省独山县麻尾镇白纹伊蚊标本中分离到一株病毒,用抗DEN 14型单克隆抗体经间接免疫荧光法和RTPCR产物酶切分型鉴定为DEN2,并对其 NS1和E基因RTPCR产物进行部分基因序列测定,与DEN2 NGC株比较,麻尾株的NS1基因区有7个碱基发生点突变,E基因区有1个碱基的插入,两个序列被GenBank收录,编号分别为AY277402、AY278226;麻尾分离株与其他9株DEN2型病毒进行系统发育关系的分析,结果显示与D243株系统进化关系最近;证明贵州省存在DEN感染的自然循环。 相似文献
20.
Four clones of A. albopictus cells resistant to 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (MMPR) (MMPR-10, -11, -12, and -21) were isolated after mutagenesis of the parental LT C-7 cells. As assayed by plating efficiencies these clones were from ten- to 20-fold more resistant to MMPR than the LT C-7 cells. Resistance was also demonstrated by the fact that concentrations of MMPR, which reduced the levels of ATP and GTP in LT C-7 cells, had no such effect in the MMPR-resistant cells. When de novo purine biosynthesis was measured by the incorporation of [14C]formate into ATP and GTP, MMPR had little effect on the MMPR-10 cells (15% inhibition) but did depress synthesis considerably in the MMPR-11 cells (80% inhibition) although not as severely as in the LT C-7 cells (95% inhibition). Three of the resistant clones which were tested also showed considerable resistance to guanosine. Although the mechanism of resistance to MMPR in these cells is not clear it likely involves some alteration in one of the early enzymes involved in purine biosynthesis. Resistant as well as sensitive cells showed a new high-performance liquid chromatography peak after treatment with MMPR suggesting that there was no defect in the uptake of MMPR. The conversion of labeled adenosine to AMP, ADP, and ATP in the resistant cells indicated that these cells were not deficient in adenosine kinase, another possible mechanism of resistance to MMPR. All clones showed a reduction in GTP following treatment with ribavirin; however, they varied considerably with respect to the amount of ribavirin triphosphate which they formed. In the case of the MMPR-11 cells the amount of ribavirin triphosphate formed was markedly sensitive to cultural conditions. The fact that the various MMPR-resistant cells responded differently to ribavirin, and that quantitative differences were also seen in their responses to MMPR (as measured by [14C]formate incorporation) and to guanosine, suggests that there are significant phenotypic differences among these resistant clones. 相似文献