A new pelagic predatory pike cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Crenicichla) from the C. mandelburgeri species complex with parallel and reticulate evolution

The Crenicichla mandelburgeri species complex from the Middle Paraná shows parallel evolution of ecomorphs to the unrelated C. missioneira species complex from the Uruguay River. In this article, we describe a new species from the C. mandelburgeri species complex that has evolved a parallel morphology and ecology to an unrelated species from the C. missioneira species complex (C. celidochilus). The new species is a pelagic predator that feeds predominantly on fishes and together with C. celidochilus is the only known pelagic species in the large riverine genus Crenicichla. The new species is endemic solely to a small tributary (the Urugua-í) of the Middle Paraná River where it is sympatric and partly syntopic with two other closely related endemic species that, however, differ strongly in their ecomorphologies (one is a generalistic invertivore and the other a specialized molluscivore). Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny finds the new species nested within the widespread C. mandelburgeri. Reduced genome-representation ddRAD analyses, however, demonstrate that this new species is of a hybrid origin and shares ancestry with C. ypo, one of the two studied sympatric species.

     

A New Species of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) from Patagonia Related to C. sociabilis

The genus Ctenomys includes a high number of taxa, with at least ten species from Patagonia and three recently described species for northeastern Chubut Province (Argentina). Ctenomys sociabilis is a social species of the genus Ctenomys and is currently distributed in the surrounding area of Sierra Cuyin Manzano (Neuquén Province), with a recently extinct population that occurred in Laguna Nahuelquir (Cushamen, Chubut Province). Molecular analyses have placed C. sociabilis at the base of Ctenomys clade, as the sister species to all other Ctenomys. Based on a morphological assessment (qualitative and quantitative) and DNA sequencing, we describe a new species of Ctenomys from Esquel, Chubut Province. Phylogenetic analysis shows the new species to be closely related to C. sociabilis, with evidence of solitary behavior. This new species is the first reported to be closely related phylogenetically to Ctenomys sociabilis at the base of the Ctenomys phylogeny. We provide anatomical comparisons between the new species and other species of Ctenomys from Patagonia, especially C. sociabilis.

     

Taxonomic studies of nectrioid fungi in Japan. III. The genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cosmospora</Emphasis>

Seven species of the genus Cosmospora collected in Japan are reported in this article. Among them, Cosmospora japonica is described as a new species. Cosmospora henanensis, C. rishbethii, and C. triqua, all of which are known only from their type localities, are added to the Japanese mycobiota. The other species, C. chaetopsinaecatenulatae, C. diminuta, and C. peponum, are new records for Japan. Additional distribution records are given for Cosmospora species hitherto known in Japan.     

The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Thailand

The genusCycas is revised for Thailand. Ten species are enumerated, five of them described as new (C. chamaoensis, C. clivicola, C. litoralis, C. nongnoochiae, C. tansachana), with one new subspecies (C. clivicola subsp.lutea). The species are placed within an infrageneric classification previously outlined. Distributions of the taxa are mapped, eight of the species are illustrated, and a key to species is provided. Previous records ofC. circinalis andC. rumphii from Thailand (here not regarded as indigenous in Thailand) are discussed.     

A new hexaploid species of Centaurea section Acrolophus (Asteraceae) from Evvia Island,Greece

Centaurea carystea Trigas & Constantin., a new yellow‐flowered species of Centaurea from Mt. Ochi on Evvia Island (Greece), is described and illustrated. It is a member of the polymorphic C. section Acrolophus and allied to taxa of the C. attica aggregate, C. pelia and C. mantoudii. The new species appears to be a local and threatened endemic, with the total number of individuals known being less than 500. A karyological examination revealed that it is hexaploid, with 2n = 6x = 54, an unusual number in Centaurea, which may indicate a hybrid origin. To further clarify the taxonomic position of C. carystea , we used random amplification of polymorphic DNA markers of 25 plants belonging to nine species, subspecies and varieties morphologically related to the new species, together with two reference taxa. Clustering using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean indicated a discrete position for C. carystea , close to but distinct from the yellow‐flowered C. mantoudii. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 762–774.     

Campylocentrum guarinae sp. nov. (Vandeae,Orchidaceae) from Colombia

A new species of Campylocentrum from the Colombian Andes, C. guarinae, is described, illustrated and placed within a key to Colombian species of the genus. The new species resembles C. lansbergii from which it differs in vegetative and floral characters. The main differences between these species are described and illustrated.     

Revision of the Chinese species of the genus Coenochilus Schaum (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

Summary

The Chinese species of the genus Coenochilus Schaum, 1841 are revised, including a new species, C. pilosus n. sp. described from southern China (also from Vietnam and Laos). The lectotype for Coenochilus uncinatipes Moser, 1915 is designated, and this name is recognized as a junior synonym of C. bifoveolatus Fairmaire, 1888. Previously published synonymy of Coenochilus apicalis Westwood, 1873 and C. armiger Westwood, 1873 is confirmed based on the examination of type specimens. The neotype of C. tonkinensis Moser, 1910 is designated, and C. clinteroceroides Jákl, 2015 is synonymized with this species. Coenochilus tonkinensis is newly recorded from China, while Chinese records of C. nitidus Arrow, 1910 are verified as misidentification of C. striatus Westwood, 1873, thus C. nitidus is removed from the Chinese fauna. Diagnoses and illustrations are provided for all five Chinese species. A key to Chinese species and new distribution records are also presented.??     

New species and new stage descriptions of Campsurus major species group (Polymitarcyidae: Campsurinae), with first report of silk-case construction in mayfly nymphs

Campsurus major, C. argentinus and C. amapaensis sp. nov. form a monophyletic group supported by the following apomorphies in the male genitalia: robust pedestals with a widely rounded inner-posterior margin and a more acute and thinner outer margin, penes strongly sclerotised and curved ventrally, each lobe twisted outwards, and with a small membranous lobe on ventral margin. The nymphs of Campsurus major and C. argentinus and the female adult of C. major are described for the first time and illustrated here; the male adults of both species are redescribed. A new species, C. amapaensis, is described from male imagos. The following new synonymies are proposed: Campsurus argentinus Esben-Petersen (= C. pallidus Needham & Murphy, junior synonym) and C. major Needham & Murphy (= C. brasiliensis Traver, junior synonym). The nymphs of both species are reported to use silk to build soft cases and to glue substrate particles. A list of characters useful to distinguish the treated species from others in the genus is given.     

New England Coelogynoporidae

Eleven species of the proseriate turbellarian family Coelogynoporidae have been encountered between Cape Cod, Mass. and the southern shore-line of New Brunswick, Canada. The distributions of Coelogynopora schultzii, C. biarmata and Cirrifera cirrifera are reported. Four new species belonging to the genus Coelogynopora, one new species of Cirrifera and a species belonging to a new genus are described. Two species remain undescribed. Biological observations on a laboratory-reared colony of C. biarmata maintained since 1978 are reported.     

A TAXONOMIC STUDY ON COENOSIA TIGRINA SPECIES-GROUP(DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN CHINA

The Chinese species of Coenosia tigrina species ‐ group of the genus Coenosia Meigen, 1826 are treated. One new species, C. albisquama sp. nov., and two new subspecies, C. attenuata brunnea subsp. nov. and C. strigipes bannaensis subsp. nov., are described. A key to Chinese species is given to seperate the species. The types specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University.     

Two new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corollospora</Emphasis> species and one new anamorph based on morphological and molecular data

Two new species of the genus Corollospora, namely, C. anglusa sp. nov. with its anamorph Varicosporina anglusa sp. nov. and C. portsaidica sp. nov., which were isolated from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt, are described in this article based on morphological and molecular evidence. The two new species have one-septate ascospores. Corollospora anglusa resembles C. gracilis by having narrow one-septate hyaline ascospores; however, they differ in ascomata and ascospore dimensions and in pure culture characteristics. Single-ascospore culture of C. anglusa produces the conidia of its anamorph, whereas an anamorph has not been reported for C. gracilis. Varicosporina anglusa differs from the other two known Varicosporina species by having conidial branches that are filamentous, rectangularly branched, hypha like, and disarticulated into two- or one-celled fragments. Corollospora portsaidica is morphologically similar to C. cinnamomea, but the two species differ in the dimensions, shape, and ornamentation of the ascospores. The new Corollospora species were confirmed to be divergent from other similar Corollospora species based on phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the LSU rDNA region.     

Centaurea molesworthiae sp. nov. (Cardueae,Compositae) from southwest Spain

Centaurea molesworthiae E. López, Devesa & García Rojas (Cardueae, Compositae), a new species from southwest Spain is described and illustrated. The morphological variability of C. molesworthiae and the three closest species, C. prolongoi, C. crocata and C. occasus is analyzed and discussed. The chromosome number (2n = 40) of this new species is reported for the first time.     

Camillea (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota), including two new species, along a trans-Andean altitude gradient in Ecuador

Two new species of Camillea are described from localities on an east–west transect through Ecuador between the latitudes 1°00’N and 1°00’S. Camillea ovalispora was collected in San Vicente de Huaticocha, an area characterized as humid lowland rainforest and premontane cloud forest; C. unistoma was collected at Cuyabeno, a protected area with black water inundated forest and primary rainforest on terra firme. Further, C. heterostoma var. macrospora is elevated to full species status as C. macrospora. New country records of six Camillea species are annotated from the same east-west transect. These are C. flosculosa, C. fossulata, C. hainesii, C. macrospora, C. scriblita, and C. tinctor. Also, previously recorded species have been annotated with new specimens added. Additionally, six distinct taxa from the transect that appear to be undescribed were included in the analysis; one is partly described but not the others due to insufficient material. The data showed an obvious altitude influence on the distribution and frequency of Camillea species. The diversity of species is lower on the western part of the transect compared to the eastern side, probably due to multiple factors such as differences in search intensity between the two slopes, difference in annual rainfall, and possibly the availability of host plants. Camillea taxa were only found at altitudes below 2,000 m, with the highest diversity below 600 m. Palmae is reported as a new host for Camillea species.     

Seven new calochroid and fulvoid species of Cortinarius

We describe seven new European species of Cortinarius. All species are based on analyses of morphological and DNA sequence data. They all belong to a well-supported clade comprising most species traditionally treated in Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium sections Fulvi and Calochroi (i.e. the/Calochroi clade). All taxa are either fulvoid (containing anthraquinoid pigments) or calochroid (without these pigments). Morphological and ecological data are presented for all species and compared with similar species. A dichotomous key is presented for C. calochrous and similar species, including all six newly described calochroid species. The calochroid species C. albertii, C. chailluzii, C. cisticola, C. sancti-felicis, C. selandicus and C. vesterholtii spp. nov., and the fulvoid species C. langeorum sp. nov. are described.     

Cylicocyclus asini n. sp. (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) from donkeys Equus asinus in South Africa

Cylicocyclus asini n. sp. is described from the ventral colons of seven domesticated donkeys Equus asinus in South Africa. The specimens are smaller than 11 members of the genus Cylicocyclus, which currently comprises 10 recognised species, one recognised subspecies and two species inquirendae, but is similar in size to the two smaller species, C. ashworthi and C. leptostomum. Additionally, the small size of its buccal capsule places it within the so-called small buccal capsule group, namely C. ashworthi, C. leptostomum, C. nassatus, C. radiatus and C. triramosus. The shape of the oesophagus at the oesophago-intestinal junction is elongate, similar to that of C. leptostomum. The female specimens have a tail length shorter than the vulva to anus distance, similar to three of the smaller Cylicocyclus species, namely C. leptostomum, C. radiatus and C. triramosus. The new species is distinguished from the smaller members of the genus by the presence of a `club-foot' posterior in the female specimens, 40–46 elements in the external leaf-crown and a deep division of the dorsal ray which extends beyond the origin of the externodorsal ray. Similarly, the new species can be separated from the two other members in the genus with a `club-foot' posterior in the females (C. auriculatus and C. gyalocephaloides) by its body length (6.6–8.47 mm) and the presence of a nipple-like dorsal gutter.