Expression,purification, and characterization of recombinant human neurturin secreted from the yeast Pichia pastoris

Neurturin (NTN), a potent neurotrophic factor acting specifically on dopaminergic neurons, is comprised of 102 amino acids as a mature protein. We artificially synthesized a gene for mature human NTN (hNTN) using codons preferred by the yeast Pichia pastoris. This synthesized gene, fused in frame with sequences encoding the alpha-factor signal peptide gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned into P. pastoris expression vector pPIC9K. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-alpha-hNTN was then transformed into the yeast and stable multicopy recombinant P. pastoris strains were selected by G418 resistance. SDS-PAGE and Western blot assays of culture broth from a methanol-induced expression strain demonstrated that recombinant hNTN, a 16kDa glycosylated protein, was secreted into the culture medium. The recombinant protein was purified to greater than 95% using CM-Sepharose ion exchange and Superdex 75 size-exclusion chromatography steps. Bioactivity of the recombinant hNTN was confirmed by the ability of the protein to stimulate growth of nerve fibers from the dorsal root ganglia of chick embryos in vitro.     

球孢白僵菌丝氨酸蛋白酶基因CDEP-1在毕赤酵母中的表达

我们从球孢白僵菌中克隆了丝氨酸蛋白酶Pr1类基因CDEP-1。为明确CDEP-1的功能、评价其在害虫生物防治中的潜力,需要大量制备具有生物活性的CDEP-1编码蛋白。由于大肠杆菌系统表达真核基因存在产物复性困难的问题,本文利用毕赤酵母系统来表达CDEP-1。结果表明,CDEP-1可在毕赤酵母中高效的分泌表达,而且产物活性高,甲醇诱导48h后上清液中的酶活即可达到38,266U/L。诱导表达的上清液经浓缩后进行凝胶过滤层析,得到了CDEP-1的初纯品,蛋白质含量为50mg/L。将纯化的蛋白酶CDEP-1免疫家兔,制备了CDEP-1的抗血清。Westernblotting分析表明,制备的抗血清可特异性地检测CDEP-1。     

狐狸生长激素基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

为制备重组狐狸生长激素(fGH),采用RT-PCR方法,从银狐垂体中扩增fGHcDNA基因,利用SnaBI和NotI位点将fGH基因插入到酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中α-因子信号肽的下游,构建成fGH基因的酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K/fGH,载体经SalI酶切线性化后,通过电转移将线性化的pPIC9K/fGH转化到组氨酸缺陷型酵母宿主菌GS115中。然后利用不含氨基酸的以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基(MD)和以甲醇为碳源的培养基(MM)筛选出组氨酸His+型和甲醇利用正型(Mut+)酵母重组体,再经G418加压筛选出高拷贝fGH基因的重组酵母,经摇瓶发酵培养和甲醇诱导使fGH进行分泌表达。结果表明本实验扩增的fGH基因序列与GenBank发表的序列基本一致,发酵液经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测证明构建的重组酵母能够分泌表达fGH,表达的fGH占发酵液总蛋白的34%,表达量达119mg/L发酵液。     

Protection of Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus using recombinant oral vaccine expressed in Pichia pastoris

The potential for oral vaccination of crayfish against white spot syndrome virus was investigated. The envelope proteins VP19 and VP28 were expressed in yeast (Pichia pastoris). The expressed proteins were used as oral vaccines in different forms viz., in whole culture form, whole culture sonicated form, whole culture centrifuged supernatant form, and cell residue form. The recombinant proteins were mixed with food pellets and fed to crayfish for 25 days. The vaccinated groups were divided into two even groups and challenged on the 3rd and 21st day of post vaccination. Among different vaccine groups the relative percent survival (RPS) values of sonicated form and supernatant form vaccines were found the best and met the criterion (>RPS 60%) of effective vaccine even after 21st day of post vaccination. Development of vaccine by using recombinant proteins VP19 and VP28 in yeast as expression vector was feasible with significant effects.     

A dynamic fed batch strategy for a Pichia pastoris mixed feed system to increase process understanding

Mixed substrate feeding strategies are frequently investigated to enhance the productivity of recombinant Pichia pastoris processes. For this purpose, numerous fed batch experiments or time-consuming continuous cultivations are required to optimize control parameters such as the substrate mixing ratio and the applied methanol concentration. In this study, we decoupled the feeding of methanol and glycerol in a mixed substrate fed batch environment to gain process understanding for a recombinant P. pastoris Muts strain producing the model enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Specific substrate uptake rates (qs) were controlled separately, and a stepwise increased qGly-control scheme was applied to investigate the effect of various substrate fluxes on the culture. The qs-controlled strategy allowed a parallel characterization of the metabolism and the recombinant protein expression in a fed batch environment. A critical-specific glycerol uptake rate was determined, where a decline of the specific productivity occurred, and a time-dependent acceleration of protein expression was characterized with the dynamic fed batch approach. Based on the observations on recombinant protein expression, propositions for an optimal feeding design to target maximal productivities were stated. Thus, the dynamic fed batch strategy was found to be a valuable tool for both process understanding and optimization of product formation for P. pastoris in a mixed substrate environment.     

人骨保护素在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及表达产物的生物活性分析(英文)

为了在毕赤酵母表达系统中分泌表达人骨保护素 (osteoprotegerin ,OPG) ,以人骨肉瘤细胞系MG6 3的mRNA为模板 ,采用RT PCR法得到人OPG编码区cDNA ,克隆入毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZ B ,电转化毕赤酵母GS115 (Mut+) ,经 3%甲醇诱导分泌表达人OPG与组氨酸的融合蛋白 .SDS PAGE及Western印迹分析表明 ,有分子量约 6 6kD的目的蛋白表达 .纯化后的表达产物加入体外培养的小鼠骨髓细胞培养基中 ,当浓度为 10 0ng ml时 ,象牙片上骨吸收陷窝的数量及玻片上的TRAP阳性多核细胞的数量均减少 (P <0 0 5 ) .而同时加入人OPG的多克隆抗体后 ,这一抑制作用可被拮抗 ,在浓度为 5 0ng ml时则无此作用 .人OPG蛋白在酵母系统的成功表达 ,为该蛋白的进一步应用研究提供了依据 .     

重组巴曲酶在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

以毕赤酵母为表达系统,建立生产重组巴曲酶的技术工艺路线。通过递归式PCR的方法,人工合成了巴曲酶基因,将其插入pPIC9表达质粒中,转化至毕赤酵母GS115(his4),筛选出的表达株经甲醇诱导,表达了重组巴曲酶,并得以纯化。从每升发酵液中可纯化得到10mg重组巴曲酶,其比活为238NIHunits/mg,分子量为30.55kD。重组巴曲酶在体外可使纤维蛋白凝固,在体内缩短小鼠出血时间。为开发重组的蛇毒类凝血酶止血剂打下了基础。     

Very high expression of an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen single chain Fv antibody fragment in the yeast Pichia pastoris

In this paper we report the development of a recombinant strain of the yeast Pichia pastoris, which secretes an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment to the culture supernatant as a biologically active protein, at levels of 1.2 g l(-1). The yeast scFv was purified by IMAC, with a final yield of approximately 0.440 g of 93% pure scFv per liter of culture supernatant. The specific activity in ELISA of the yeast scFv was almost three times higher than that of a bacterial periplasmic counterpart. These results reaffirm that the yeast P. pastoris is a suitable host for high level production of scFv antibody fragments with potential in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications.     

水稻白叶枯病抗性基因Xα21和稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-d2激酶蛋白质在毕赤酵母中的表达及条件优化

[目的]白叶枯病和稻瘟病是最主要的水稻病害,Xα21是水稻白叶枯病抗性基因,Pi-d2是稻瘟病抗性基因,二者都编码类受体激酶蛋白质.本研究旨在毕赤酵母系统中表达XA21和PI-D2激酶蛋白质.[方法]用Xα21和Pi-d2的激酶区PCR产物,构建了pPICZαA-Xα21K、pPICZαA-Pi-d2K重组质粒,酶切及测序验证后,将重组质粒线性化,转化到毕赤酵母菌株中,系统地比较了不同酵母菌株(KM71、GS115、X33),不同甲醇浓度(1%、2%、3%),不同pH(pH5、pH6、pH7、pH8)值,不同诱导时间(24 h、48 h、72 h)条件下激酶蛋白质的表达情况.[结果]XA21和PI-D2激酶蛋白质可以在毕赤酵母中表达,但表达的蛋白质不能分泌到培养基上清中,而只能在菌体中检测到,对表达条件的系统比较发现,毕赤酵母菌株KM71和X33、2%的甲醇诱导浓度、pH5和48 h以上的诱导时间有利于激酶蛋白质的表达,最后我们在酵母裂解物上清中获得了纯化的考染可见的激酶蛋白质.[结论]在毕赤酵母中表达了XA21和PI-D2激酶蛋白质,为下一步生化特性研究奠定了基础.     

人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的发酵生产研究

为了适应工业生产的需要,利用fed—batch方法,重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体酵母工程菌在30L发酵罐中进行了高密度发酵,发酵最适温度30℃,pH值范围5．0～5．3,溶氧范围20％～30％。发酵液OD600值达到300时开始诱导,甲醇最佳诱导浓度为10mL／L。重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体经离子交换层析纯化,纯化产品经SDS-PAGE、Western blot进行分析和ELISA方法进行活性测定。结果显示,重组Fab抗体在Fed-batch发酵系统中可高效表达,经过192h的发酵生产,重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的表达量可达412mg／L。发酵上清经过离子交换层析纯化,获得纯度为95％的重组Fab抗体,该Fab抗体经ELISA分析具有较高的HBsAg抗原亲和力和特异性。结果证实可以通过高密度发酵毕赤酵母工程菌来高效生产重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体,为后续的工业化生产应用奠定了基础。     

猪干扰素-γ基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

将去除信号肽的猪干扰素-γ（PoIFN-γ）基因置于酿酒酵母α因子分泌信号的DNA序列后, 构建成pPIC9K-α-PoIFN-γ分泌型重组表达载体, 电转化导入毕赤酵母GS115中,经G418筛选后获得2株多拷贝插入的重组子。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析结果表明,所获得的重组子能够分泌表达出17kD和23kD左右的PoIFN-γ特异蛋白,其表达量为108mg/L,占培养液总蛋白的60%。实验首次在毕赤酵母表达系统中实现了PoIFN-γ基因的分泌表达。     

人源抗HBsAg单链抗体在巴氏毕赤酵母中的表达

在P.pastoris中分泌表达非融合抗HBsAg单链抗体（HBscFv）。设计引物从pGEMHBscFv上扩增目的基因,亚克隆至P.pastoris表达载体pPICZαA中,线性化后转化P. pastorisGS115;转化子经菌落PCR、高浓度Zeocin抗性筛选鉴定后,甲醇诱导目的蛋白表达。结果发现,重组HBscFv可以在α因子的引导下,分泌至培养基中,产量为80mg/L;分泌至培养基中的HBscFv具有结合HBsAg活性,活性总量在诱导培养72h后达最高峰,在诱导培养后期,HBscFv活性下降;PAS糖显色结果表明,酵母表达HBscFv是一种低糖基化蛋白或非糖基化蛋白。     

Expression of kringle 5 domain of human plasminogen in Pichia pastoris

The kringle 5 domain of plasminogen exhibits potent inhibitory effect on endothelial cell proliferation. It can also cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of endothelia cell specifically, and shows promise in antiangiogenic therapy. It has been prepared via both proteolysis of native plasminogen and recombinant DNA methodologies. When expressed in E. coli, recombinant, kringle 5 deposited mainly as inactive, insoluble inclusion bodies and the refolding yield was also low. In the present study, human kringle 5 encoding gene was cloned into secretory plasmid pPIC9K and then integrated into Pichia pastoris genome for expression. On methanol induction, biologically active recombinant kringle 5 was expressed and secreted into the culture medium by the integrated Pichia pastoris with the expression level around 30mg/L of yeast culture. After a simple and economical three-step purification protocol, namely precipitation, DEAE ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration, the recombinant kringle 5 was purified to homogeneity, with the yield of 7.5 mg/liter yeast culture.     

Molecular cloning, expression and purification of L-amino acid oxidase from the Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma

A cDNA encoding LAAO from the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) was cloned into an expression vector of the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris. The LAAO open reading frame was inserted after the alpha-MF-signal sequence. Upon induction soluble and active LAAO is produced and exported into the culture supernatant at a concentration of up to 0.4 mg/L. Recombinant LAAO was purified from this by ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography to yield apparently homogeneous protein in quantities of approximately 0.25 mg/L growth medium. Expressed LAAO exhibits the same electrophoretic mobility as native LAAO (62 kDa) and exhibits approximately the same extent of glycosylation as authentic LAAO from snake venom. Catalytic properties and substrate specificity of recombinant LAAO are similar to those of native enzyme.     

Production and characterization of recombinant guamerin, an elastase-specific inhibitor, in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

The elastase-specific inhibitor, guamerin, was expressed and secreted into a culture medium using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, and the resulting recombinant guamerin was purified from the culture media using a two-step procedure composed of a hydrophobic interaction and reverse-phase chromatography. Up to 90 g/L of dry cell weight, the guamerin-producing recombinant P. pastoris was cultivated and guamerin was secreted into the culture medium at a level of 0.69 g/L. The recombinant guamerin was highly purified (>98%) with a recovery yield of 68%. Analyses of the purified guamerin revealed the same N-terminal amino acid sequence, amino acid composition, and molecular mass as found in the native leech protein. The recombinant guamerin exhibited the tight binding to porcine pancreatic elastase. Furthermore, the recombinant guamerin did not produce a humoral immune response in mice.     

Engineering of a Pichia pastoris expression system for secretion of high amounts of intact human parathyroid hormone

Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) is involved in calcium metabolism, and the unique ability of this hormone to stimulate bone growth makes it a promising agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. We have engineered the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for the production of over 300 mg intact hPTH per liter growth medium. The presence of 10 mM EDTA in the culture medium was essential to obtain this high hormone yield, indicating that metallopeptidases are mainly responsible for the otherwise instability of hPTH. Furthermore, the secretion process of hPTH was considerably improved by coexpression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein disulphide isomerase (ScPDI). Since hPTH does not contain any cystein residues, this effect may be indirect or ascribed to the chaperone activity of PDI. Contrary to the situation in S. cerevisiae, use of a protease-deficient host strain provided no additional advantage. The hormone secreted by P. pastoris was not subjected to proteolytic processing by Kex2p in the two internal tribasic sites, nor were any C-terminal truncated hPTH forms detected. However, the P. pastoris hPTH producing transformants cosecreted ubiquitin to the culture medium, possibly as a result of a stress-related response.     

石斑鱼-防御素的酵母表达及其产物抗菌活性分析

防御素是一类阳离子抗菌肽。研究从石斑鱼垂体SMART cDNA 文库中扩增出129 bp 石斑鱼-防御素成熟肽序列, 将其克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPCIZA 中, 构建了石斑鱼-防御素的真核表达载体, 电击转化毕赤酵母GS115。Western Blot 分析表明石斑鱼-防御素在酵母菌中获得了表达。体外抗菌实验表明纯化的重组蛋白具有抑制大肠杆菌以及嗜水气单胞菌的作用, 但是对革兰氏阳性菌, 如金黄色葡萄球菌和藤黄微球菌的生长没有抑制作用。实验结果表明酵母表达的石斑鱼-防御素能够特异地抑制革兰氏阴性菌的生长。       

草鱼生长激素基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

将草鱼生长激素基因（cGH）的cDNA亚克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,经电击转化导入毕赤巴斯德酵母GS115菌株,获得转化子。菌落PCR技术筛选证实cGH已经整合到了酵母染色体上。对重组酵母进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析,结果表明cGH的毕赤巴斯德酵母GS115菌株中获得了高效表达。     

来源于Escherichia coli的高比活植酸酶基因的高效表达

高效表达高比活植酸酶是进一步提高植酸酶发酵效价、降低植酸酶生产成本的一个有效途径。对源于Escherichiacoli的高比活植酸酶基因appA ,按照毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)密码子的偏爱进行了密码子优化改造。该改造后的基因appA m按正确的阅读框架融合到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9上的α 因子信号肽编码序列 3′端 ,通过电击转化得到重组转化子。对重组毕赤酵母的Southernblotting分析证实植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中 ,并确定了整合基因的拷贝数。Northernblotting分析证实植酸酶基因得到了正常转录。SDS PAGE分析和表达产物的研究表明 ,植酸酶得到了高效分泌表达 ,在 5L发酵罐中植酸酶蛋白表达量达到 2 5mg mL发酵液 ,酶活性 (发酵效价 )达到 7 5× 10 6 IU mL发酵液以上 ,大大高于目前报道的各种植酸酶基因工程菌株的发酵效价。