高浓度氧对种子萌发和幼苗生长的伤害

绿豆、木豆和水稻等种子在氧气下萌发生长会引起不同程度的氧伤害,这种伤害不因二氧化碳、光照和温度条件的改变而减轻或消除。水稻萌发生长对高浓度氧的忍耐是有限度的,氧处理1～2天后移置空气中,能恢复生长;处理3～4天恢复生长缓慢;处理5天失去生长能力。种子萌发的氧伤害,表现出种子吸水膨胀率和浸泡液电导率较高,糖和蛋白质外渗量大,以及膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量较高。     

不同磁处理对芍药种子萌发的影响

目的:研究磁场对芍药种子萌发的影响.方法:采用均匀电磁场分不同的处理强度和处理时间分别磁处理野生芍药种子和栽培芍药种子,种子磁处理后在培养皿中催芽,2个月后统计种子胚根萌发率和胚芽萌发率.结果:3000Gs的磁场处理1.5h能提高野生芍药种子胚芽萌发率和栽培芍药种子胚根萌发率,对于栽培芍药种子4000 Gs的磁场处理2h能够促进胚根和胚芽萌发.结论:一定强度的磁场能打破芍药种子休眠,促进种子的萌发.     

磁化水对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的生物学效应

为研究磁化水对作物的生物学效应,本文详细分析了磁化水处理对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。研究结果显示：磁化水处理小麦的种子发芽参数与对照相比无显著差异;磁化水处理对小麦的株高、根长、地上部和根部鲜重等生长参数也无显著影响;同样,磁化水处理在叶片色素含量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量、含水量、细胞汁液渗透势等重要生理特征参数方面也未显示出显著差异。此外,磁化水并未显著影响小麦叶片的光合作用。综上所述,磁化水处理对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长无明显的生物学效应。     

壬酸对绿豆种子萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响

目的:探讨壬酸对绿豆种子萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响。方法:采用培养皿纸上发芽法,研究不同浓度的壬酸对绿豆种子萌发及生长发育的影响。结果:不同浓度的壬酸对绿豆种子的萌发、根长、株高等形态指标有不同程度的影响。结论:不同浓度处理中,25mg/L处理的种子发芽势和发芽率最高,分别为99.0%和92.4%;播种第10天后,15mg/L处理的幼苗根长、株高、叶长、叶宽最大,第15天后,25mg/L处理的幼苗干重、鲜重明显提高,根冠比降低。     

磁处理对种子萌发生物效应研究进展

大量研究证实, 外加磁场和磁化水具有生物学效应, 这种生物学效应往往因处理方式、处理时间和处理对象的不同而异。磁处理可以促进种子萌发、幼苗生长和根系伸长等。该文针对磁化水和外在磁场及其在种子萌发方面产生的生物效应的研究现状进行综述, 以磁处理对种子吸水过程、呼吸强度、种子内部生理活性物质及相关代谢酶的影响等方面为切入点, 结合自由基理论和电位差与信号转导理论, 重点分析磁处理对植物种子萌发的作用机理, 以期促进磁处理在农业领域的应用和发展。     

磁化水浸种对苦瓜种子萌发及对其幼苗生理指标的影响

目的 :研究磁化水对苦瓜种子萌发的影响。方法 :用不同强度的磁化水浸种处理苦瓜种子 ,测定其以下几个生理指标 :种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗中的酯酶以及抗坏血酸的含量。实验结果显示 :磁化水能够提高苦瓜种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数 ,同时也能提高苦瓜幼苗的酯酶活性 ,但对抗坏血酸含量影响不大。结论 :一定强度的磁化水能提高苦瓜种子的萌发能力 ,并使幼苗生长整齐一致。     

滇重楼种子水浸液对三种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

利用滇重楼(Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.)Hand.-Mazz.)种子外种皮和胚乳的水浸液对白菜(Brassica pekinensis(Lour.)Rupr.)、绿豆(Vigna radiata(Linn.)Wilczak)、小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种子进行处理,研究滇重楼种子水浸液对3种植物种子萌发、幼苗生长和保护酶活性的影响,并利用GC-MS方法对滇重楼种子内源抑制物的成分进行分析。结果显示,不同浓度滇重楼外种皮、胚乳水浸液对上述3种受体植物的发芽率、苗高、根长及鲜重均产生影响,其作用强度和水浸液的浓度有关,总体上表现出低促高抑的双重浓度效应。滇重楼种子水浸液对白菜的影响作用最强,对绿豆的影响作用最弱,且胚乳水浸液的影响较外种皮强。不同浓度滇重楼种子外种皮和胚乳水浸液均能影响3种植物幼苗体内保护酶的活性,随着水浸液浓度的升高,叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性总体增加,与对照相比差异显著。白菜、小麦过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性减少,与对照相比差异显著;绿豆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加,但与对照相比无显著差异。利用GC-MS方法从胚乳和外种皮水浸液中分别检出8种和2种物质。研究结果表明滇重楼种子中存在内源抑制物质,可能是导致种子休眠的原因;种子水浸液可能通过影响植物幼苗保护酶的活性进而影响其正常生长;有机酸类物质可能是滇重楼种子内源抑制物之一。     

红火蚁对2种旱地作物种子萌发的影响

【背景】红火蚁入侵可能对土著生物产生各种各样的影响,而其入侵对农作物的影响是值得研究的,可为准确评估该蚁的经济危害性提供依据。【方法】通过室内模拟建巢和大田迁移蚁巢试验研究了红火蚁对玉米及绿豆种子萌发的影响。【结果】红火蚁室内种群对玉米及绿豆种子有啃咬破坏作用,但对萌发无影响。大田红火蚁种群显著抑制了玉米、绿豆种子萌发,高密度区域对玉米未正常萌发的种子数增加了2.86倍;高、低密度区域绿豆未正常萌发的种子数分别增加了1.21和0.98倍。【结论与意义】红火蚁入侵旱地生境后对玉米及绿豆种子萌发具有明显负面作用,将会直接导致农业生产损失。研究结果可为了解红火蚁入侵对农作物的影响提供参考。     

磁化水浸种对苦瓜种子萌发及对其幼苗生理指标的影响

目的：研究磁化水对苦瓜种子萌发的影响。方法：用不同强度的磁化水浸种处理苦瓜种子,测定其以下几个生理指标：种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗中的酯酶以及抗坏血酸的含量。实验结果显示：磁化水能够提高苦瓜种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,同时也能提高苦瓜幼苗的酯酶活性,但对抗坏血酸含量影响不大。结论：一定强度的磁化水能提高苦瓜种子的萌发能力,并使幼苗生长整齐一致。     

连作对三七种子萌发及种苗生长的影响

为进一步明确三七的连作效应,以不同种植年限及不同空间分布的土壤为栽培基质,研究了连作对三七种子萌发及种苗生长的影响。结果表明:连作使三七种子萌发的最大速度增加,种子的发芽势变化不大,而发芽率、发芽指数和快速发芽期则呈明显降低或变短的趋势;与根区外土相比,根区土和根区下土使三七种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数显著降低,对种子萌发的最大速度也有降低的作用;种植1年三七的土壤(1年土)对后茬三七种苗的生长并无明显障碍效应,2年土比3年土具有更强的抑制三七种苗生长的作用。连作对三七种子萌发及种苗生长均会产生明显的障碍效应,自毒作用可能只是造成三七连作障碍的原因之一。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.