共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
龟纹瓢虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应及寻找效应研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
龟纹瓢虫雌虫和雄虫对豆蚜的功能反应符台Holling Ⅱ型模型,其模型为:Na=0.9233N/(1 0.0171N)(雌虫)和Na=0.8641N/(1 0.0164N)(雄虫),瓢虫捕食豆蚜的数量随豆蚜密度增加而增加.但寻找效应随豆蚜密度增加而降低。日最大捕食量和最佳寻找密度分别为37.42(雌)、34.11头(雄)和17.25(雌)、15.8头(雄)。龟纹瓢虫寻找效应随自身密度的增加而降低,其数学模型为:E=0.3032·P^-15634(雌)和E=0.3048·P^-1.1697(雄)。干扰反应的教学模型为:E=0.8104·P^-2.1721(雌),E=0.7125·P^-2.2660,E=0.5963·P^-2.1751(雌雄混台种群)。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
本文研究了芬兰真绥螨Euseius finlandicus Oudemans对截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus Ehara的捕食作用.结果表明,芬兰真绥螨对截形叶螨雌成螨非嗜食,对卵和若螨嗜食.在RH 80%±5%,温度分别为16、20、24、28和32℃的试验条件下,芬兰真绥螨对截形叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均属于HollingⅡ型.在16 ~28℃温度范围内,芬兰真绥螨对截形叶螨各螨态的攻击系数、捕食能力、最大日捕食量均随温度升高而增加,处理时间则缩短,温度高于28℃时捕食量开始减小.截形叶螨密度固定时,芬兰真绥螨的平均捕食量随其自身密度的增加而逐渐降低. 相似文献
5.
巴氏钝绥螨对柑桔全爪螨的捕食效能 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文研究了巴氏钝绥螨Amblyseius barkeri的雌成螨、雄成螨、若螨在实验条件下对柑桔全爪螨的捕食效能。结果表明:5个实验温度条件下(16、20、24、28和32℃,RH85%),利用椭圆食粉螨饲养的巴氏钝绥螨Panonychus citri对柑桔全爪螨均有较强的捕食能力;巴氏钝绥螨对柑桔全爪螨的功能反应均属于Holling Ⅱ型。在实验温度范围内,各螨态对柑桔全爪螨的控制能力(α/Th值)随温度升高而增大,在28℃时达到峰值;同一温度条件下,雌成螨的捕食能力最大,若螨其次,雄成螨的捕食能力最弱;在猎物密度固定时,由于巴氏钝绥螨个体之间存在相互竞争和相互干扰作用,随着捕食者密度的提高,捕食者平均捕食量逐渐减少。巴氏钝绥螨对各螨态柑桔全爪螨的取食有选择性,柑桔全爪螨的幼若螨是巴氏钝绥螨的嗜好虫态。 相似文献
6.
7.
为明确加州新小绥螨对橡胶六点始叶螨的控害潜能,系统研究了21℃、24℃、27℃、30℃、33℃5个不同温度条件下加州新小绥螨对六点始叶螨各螨态的捕食效能和自身密度干扰效应。结果表明:加州新小绥螨对六点始叶螨若螨、幼螨和卵的选择系数分别为0.71、1.75和0.54。在21℃~33℃条件下,加州新小绥螨对不同螨态六点始叶螨的功能反应均能很好地拟合Holling-II型圆盘方程,其对六点始叶螨雌成螨、若螨、幼螨的捕食效能(a/Th)在30℃时最强,分别达19.91、44.90、189.45头/d,对叶螨卵的捕食能力在不同温度间差异不显著。在同一温度条件下,加州新小绥螨对不同螨态六点始叶螨的捕食量大小依次为:幼螨若螨成螨卵。在相同的猎物密度条件下,加州新小绥螨的捕食作用率随其自身密度的增加而逐渐降低,说明加州新小绥螨存在种内竞争和自我干扰作用,自身干扰系数为0.349。 相似文献
8.
在实验条件下,系统研究了芬兰真绥螨Euseius finlandicus Oudemans对苹果全爪螨Panony-chus ulmi Koch的控制能力。研究结果表明:(1)在15~32℃的温度条件下,芬兰真绥螨雌成螨的捕食量随着温度的上升呈线型正相关。在15~25℃的温度内芬兰真绥螨的产卵量随温度升高而增加,在15℃下平均单雌产卵0.42粒,25℃时平均单雌产卵2.56粒;当温度升到32℃时单雌产卵下降为1.62粒,雌成螨的产卵量与温度的关系呈抛物线型。(2)在5~15头/叶的猎物密度下,雌成螨的捕食量随着猎物的密度增加呈线型正相关,而当猎物密度达到30头/叶时,芬兰真绥螨雌成螨的捕食量处于平稳状态。在5~15头/叶的猎物密度下,芬兰真绥螨的产卵量和产卵量均与猎物的密度呈线型正相关;当每头雌成螨捕食量为1.8~3.5头时,产卵量为1.0~1.5粒。(3)不同温度下,芬兰真绥螨对猎物的不同密度和虫态的功能反应可用圆盘方程II型进行拟合;在25℃条件下捕食效率最高且喜好捕食的虫态是卵和幼螨。 相似文献
9.
10.
Predation by introduced foxes on native bush rats in Australia: do foxes take the doomed surplus? 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
Peter B. Banks 《Journal of Applied Ecology》1999,36(6):1063-1071
11.
Magalhaes Sara; Tudorache Christian; Montserrat Marta; van Maanen Roos; Sabelis Maurice W.; Janssen Arne 《Behavioral ecology》2005,16(2):364-370
In two-predator, one-prey systems with intraguild predationand patchily distributed prey, the intraguild prey may facea choice between prey patches with and without intraguild predators.To minimize falling victim to intraguild predation, intraguildprey are expected to perceive cues specifically associated withthe presence of intraguild predators. We investigate whetherintraguild prey avoided intraguild predators and which cuestriggered this behavior in a system composed of plant-inhabitingarthropods. We found that intraguild prey recognized intraguildpredators from a distance, based on their diet: they avoidedodors of intraguild predators that had consumed shared preybut did not avoid odors of intraguild predators that had fedon other diets, including a diet of conspecifics. When intraguildprey were foraging on a patch, detection of intraguild predatorsled to longer periods of immobility and to fewer captures ofthe shared prey. However, intraguild predators that were eitherstarved or had previously consumed intraguild prey posed a higherrisk to intraguild prey than did intraguild predators that hadconsumed the shared prey. We conclude that the cues used byintraguild prey to avoid intraguild predators are associatedwith the circumstances under which they encounter intraguildpredators in the field and not to different degrees of danger. 相似文献
12.
多种捕食性天敌控制麦蚜当量系统研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过饲养,明确了麦蚜主要天敌食蚜蝇类、瓢虫娄、草蛉类、蜘蛛类之中8种幼虫和6种成虫(蛛)的取食量。经校正当量系数模式等统计.建立了上述天敌控制麦蚜的当量系统。实例表明,该系统能准确测定复合天敌的控蚜效果,为促进麦蚜综合治理进展提供了一条依据。 相似文献
13.
Body shape of young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) perch Perca fluviatilis , and number and size of potential predators (perch and pike Esox lucius ) were compared across five lakes in northern Sweden. Body depth and dorsal fin ray length of YOY perch differed between lakes, with high relative body depth and long dorsal fin rays found in the lakes where the number of large piscivores was the highest. The most slender fish were found in the lake where the perch population had the smallest individuals and pike occurred in very low numbers. The average body mass in YOY perch from the two lakes with highest and lowest body depth, respectively, were the same, which indicates a difference between lakes in the relation between growth in length and in depth. Both body depth and fin ray length were correlated with predation risk by pike. Fin ray length was also correlated with number of piscivorous perch. Selection for different body shapes can be caused by different biotic and abiotic factors, singly or in combination, and the results from this study indicates that predation risk is one of these factors affecting body depth and fin ray length in perch. 相似文献
14.
Speed Michael P.; Kelly David J.; Davidson Andrew M.; Ruxton Graeme D. 《Behavioral ecology》2005,16(2):327-334
Although the theory of self-shadow concealing countershadingis over a century old, there are very few direct empirical teststo substantiate the prediction that prey that are dorsally darkenedand ventrally lightened (generally termed countershaded) sufferlower rates of attack than other prey. In this paper, we reportexperiments designed to determine whether artificial, countershadedprey are chosen by predators less often than those that areall light, all dark, or reverse shaded (i.e., dorsally lightenedand ventrally darkened). Artificial prey were presented in gardensand parks to free-living birds, either on white backgroundsor on backgrounds with some degrees of color matching. In oneexperiment, birds were unmarked, and in the other, they wereindividually identifiable. We found that in three experimentaltrials, countershaded baits were attacked at a rate not significantlydifferent from that of uniformly dark baits. In one experimentaltrial, countershaded baits were at some advantage. When we examinedthe data set for this trial more closely, it was apparent thatblackbirds were taking countershaded baits least often, butblue tits and robins conferred no special advantage to countershadedbaits. Hence, the efficacy of countershading may vary with speciesof predator. 相似文献
15.
咸草总黄酮提取工艺的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过超声波法与乙醇回流法分别提取咸草总黄酮,两者均采用L9(34)正交实验方法,并运用SPSS11.5软件统计分析。结果如下:超声波法的最佳提取条件为超声波功率400W、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1:60、超声波作用时间10min,样品总黄酮含量为1.558%;乙醇回流法的最优条件为水浴温度90℃、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1:60、回流时间1.5h,总黄酮含量2.011%。两种方法比较:乙醇回流法提取总黄酮含量较高,而超声波法更节省时间。 相似文献
16.
自然生态条件下鼠类数量与天敌数量的平衡关系 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
近些年,越来越多的科学家将天敌对鼠害的控制作用纳入综合防治的总体方案之中,大部分学者倾向认为,天敌是鼠类种群数量调节的主要因素之一。研究天敌在鼠类种群动态中所起的作用,不仅对鼠害防治工作具有重要意义,而且有助于生态学理论的发展。本文在有关天敌对鼠类种... 相似文献
17.
A. J. RICHARDS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1990,103(4):301-308
RICHARDS, A. J., 1990. Studies in Garcinia, dioecious tropical fruit trees: the origin of the mangosteen (G. mangostana L.). Mangosteen does not grow in the wild state. Plants are said to be invariable, and almost all are female. Mangosteen (2n=?88–90), an obligate agamosperm, has only two close relatives, G. hombroniana (2n= 48) and G. malaccensis (2n=?42) which are facultative agamosperms. For the 13 main characters by which they differ, mangosteen takes an intermediate morphological position for five characters, and resembles each of the other species for four of the remainder. It is suggested that mangosteen is an allopolypoid derivative of these species which arose as a female from a single hybridization event in cultivation, and which has since reproduced asexually. To overcome difficulties in propagation and establishment that mangosteen presents, attempts should be made to graft and hybridize mangosteen with its presumptive parents. 相似文献
18.
互花米草入侵下湿地土壤碳氮磷变化及化学计量学特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为阐明外来物种入侵对生态系统的改变,对闽江河口区本土植物短叶茳芏和不同入侵年限的互花米草湿地土壤总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量进行了测定与分析.结果表明: 互花米草入侵后0~50 cm深度各层土壤TC、TN和TP含量均有不同程度的增加,其中TC、TN的变化比较一致,而TP的变化滞后;TC的增加引起土壤C/N持续增加,而TP是调节互花米草入侵过程中湿地土壤C/P和N/P的关键因子,C/P和N/P的变化基本一致.土壤TC、TN、TP的变化受到土壤盐度、容重、含水量和黏粒组成的影响,而它们之间计量比主要受土壤盐度、粒径组成的影响;C/N和C/P对互花米草湿地的土壤固碳效应具有良好的指示作用.互花米草入侵引起生物量和湿地生境改变,导致土壤碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量比发生显著变化,且随入侵时间延长表现出不同的变化特征. 相似文献
19.
The ingestion of chromogenic or fluorescent substrates for protease detection enables the visualization of digestive processes in mites in vivo due to their transparent bodies. The substrates for protease detection were offered to Lepidoglyphus destructor, and the resulting signals were observed in specimens under a compound microscope. The protease activity was successfully localized using chromogenic substrates (azoalbumin, AAPpNA, SAAPFpNA, elastin-orcein, SA(3) pNA, ZRRpNA, ArgpNA, and MAAPMpNA) and fluorescent substrates (casein-fluorescein, albumin-fluorescein, AAPAMC, BAAMC, ZRRAMC, ArgAMC, and AGPPPAMC). No activity was detected using the keratin azure and BApNA substrates. In the mesodeum, trypsin-like activity generated by hydrolysis of the BApNA substrate was not observed, but the BAAMC substrate allowed the visualization of trypsin-like activity in food boli in the posterior mesodeum. The results indicate that cathepsins B, D, and G and cathepsin H or aminopeptidase-like activities are present in the midgut of L. destructor. Among these activities, cathepsin D-like activity was identified for the first time in the gut of L. destructor. All proteases mentioned are produced in the mesodeal lumen and form the food bolus together with ingested food, afterward passing through the gut to be defecated. The method used enables the visualization of protease activities in the gut of transparent animals. 相似文献