中国晚白垩世孢粉植物群

本文根据我国已发表的资料,综合分析研究了我国各地晚白垩世及早、晚白垩世时限前后的孢粉植物组合,特别对其中的被子植物花粉演进序列进行了探索,并和北半球五个主要的晚白垩世孢粉植物发育地区(加拿大西部,美国东部、中西部,东欧,前苏联远东地区)连续的晚白垩世被子植物花粉演化序列进行了对比研究,提出我国晚白垩世孢粉植物群发展基本上可分为四个主要阶段,即(1)前短轴类被子花粉发育期,(2)短轴类被子花粉发育期,(3)进化被子花粉发育期,(4)脊榆粉发育期,它们发育的时限分属于赛诺曼期(Cenomanian),土仑期至桑托期(Turonian-San-tonian),坎佩尼期(Campanian)和马斯特里赫特期(Maastrichtian)。根据孢粉植物群特征和其所反映的古气候,将我国晚白垩世孢粉植物群分为两个孢粉植物地理区,即;东北中生孢粉植物区和西北—东南旱生孢粉植物区,后者又分为西北亚区和东南亚区。     

中国早第三纪孢粉植物群纲要

简要地叙述中国大陆及陆架区早第三纪孢粉植物群的纵向演变和横向分异，将纵向演变归纳为６个主要的孢粉植物群发展时期。即：１）早古新世榆科花粉发育期；２）晚古新世正型粉扩展期；３）早始新世榆科－桦科－胡桃科花粉繁盛期；４）中始新世壳外科花粉发育期；５）晚始新世蒺藜科花粉扩展期；６）渐新世松科花粉发育期。据横向地区差异，将中国大陆及陆架区划分为７个早第三纪孢粉植物地理区，为：１）东北暖温带至亚热带湿生孢粉植物区，２）华北暖温带至亚热带中生孢粉植物区，３）西北暖温带至亚热带旱生孢粉植物区，４）中南亚热带中生孢粉植物区，５）东海南部陆架亚热带湿生孢粉植物区，６）南方亚热带、热带中生至湿生孢粉植物区，７）西藏亚热带中生孢粉植物区。对以上各期的孢粉植物区的主要特征和各地理区范围，代表性的孢粉和特征分别进行叙述，并以此对中国早第三纪的主要含孢粉地层列表进行了对比。     

江汉盆地渔洋组上部的古新世孢粉组合

20世纪70至80年代,几乎所有关于江汉盆地跑马岗组和渔洋组的古生物文献都将其时代确定为晚白垩世。李伟同在深入地研究了跑马岗组标准剖面上的轮藻化石后提出跑马岗组大部分属于古新统。取自层位与跑马岗组相当的渔洋组上段上部的岩芯样品经分析后获得了丰富的孢粉化石。这一组合总的面貌与王大宁等获得的晚白垩世渔洋组的第三组合区别明显,而与古近纪的新沟嘴组的第四组合相似处很多。在该孢粉植物群中,常见于当地的晚白垩世分子,如希指蕨孢属、克拉梭粉属、江汉粉属、刺参粉属、鹰粉属等没有或极少见到。而在本组合常见的南岭粉属、五边粉属、漆树粉属等多出现在我国南方古新世地层中。因此,其时代很有可能为古新世。如果是这样,渔洋组上部有可能跨越了白垩系和古近系界线。从当前孢粉植物群含有很多亚热带成分以及麻黄粉属以及胡颓子粉属、忍冬粉属等看,它反映了江汉盆地当时偏干旱的亚热带气候。     

刺参粉和江汉粉的结构功能和演化

剌参粉和江汉粉具有独特的萌发器和结构.依据结构形态,联系其出现的环境,分析了它们的结构和结构功能.从化石花粉与现生亲缘属花粉的差异,它们在上白垩统中出现的先后和形态结构的异、似情况,探讨了剌参粉的演化.概略地推测了刺参粉植物可能是从风媒植物到典型虫媒植物;由灌木到多年生草本植物;从生长于低山、丘陵到高山.描述了5新种.     

刺参粉和江汉粉的结构功能和演化

剌参粉和江汉粉具有独特的萌发器和结构.依据结构形态,联系其出现的环境,分析了它们的结构和结构功能.从化石花粉与现生亲缘属花粉的差异,它们在上白垩统中出现的先后和形态结构的异、似情况,探讨了剌参粉的演化.概略地推测了刺参粉植物可能是从风媒植物到典型虫媒植物;由灌木到多年生草本植物;从生长于低山、丘陵到高山.描述了5新种.     

新疆准噶尔盆地芳3井晚白垩世孢粉组合的发现及其地质意义

准噶尔盆地腹部芳3井紫泥泉子组所夹灰色泥岩中产丰富的盘星藻、葡萄藻等藻类、疑源类化石及一定数量的孢粉化石。孢粉化石计75属160种,并首次在新疆地区发现了可靠的鹰粉型化石Aquilapollenites以及在我国主要产于松辽盆地和广东三水盆地上白垩统的“大孢子”化石Balmeisporites,建立Schizaeoisporites grandus-Parcisporites parvisaccus-Liliacidites creticus(GPC)组合。通过对部分孢粉属种已知地质分布的分析以及与国内外部分地区晚白垩世孢粉组合的对比,将GPC组合的时代确定为晚白垩世坎潘期至马斯特里赫特期。根据紫泥泉子组的沉积特点及孢粉组合特征,认为晚白垩世准噶尔盆地应归属西北-东南孢粉植物区,局部层段沉积时期气候比较湿润,孢粉组合具有我国东北孢粉植物区与西北-东南孢粉植物区的过渡特点。     

吐哈盆地南缘晚石炭世孢粉组合

本文通过吐哈盆地南缘的LN1井64块孢粉样品的研究,建立了吐哈盆地南缘晚石炭世Crassispora kosankei-Gardenasporites pinnatus-Hamiapollenites chepaiziensis(KPC)孢粉组合,该组合与、腕足类和珊瑚等动物化石共同保存,以具单裂缝、具肋双气囊花粉和单气囊花粉等比较发育为主要特征,组合特征不同于安加拉植物地理区的孢粉组合,也有别于欧美和华夏植物地理区的孢粉组合,同准噶尔盆地西北缘上石炭统(车排子组)孢粉组合基本相似,说明吐哈盆地在晚石炭世属于亚安加拉植物地理区系。     

中国晚三叠世孢粉植物群地理分区

我国晚三叠世孢粉化石十分丰富,经研究划分为南北两个孢粉植物群地理区,南方孢粉植物群自上而下由３个组合带构成：１）Ｍｉｃｒｈｙｓｔｒｄｉｕｍ－Ｚｅｂｒａｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合带,２）Ａｒａｔｒｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｔａｅｎｉａｅｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合带,３）Ｋｙｒｔｏｍｉｓｐｏｒｉｓ－Ｏｖａｌｉｐｏｌｌｉｓ组合带;北方孢粉植物群由２个组合带构成：１）Ｄｕｐｌｅｘｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｐａｒａｔａｅｎｉａｅｓ     

中国石炭系孢粉组合带序列

我国是世界中唯一的在石炭纪发育有欧美植物区,华夏植物区,安加拉植物区和风瓦纳植物区植物群的国家,并以欧美－华夏植物群最为发育,本文总结了近20年来华北和西北（新疆,甘肃,宁夏）的石炭系孢粉研究成果,提出了适合我国大部分地区的古物 系孢粉组合带序列方案（计15个孢子带）,描述了各带的特征,依据孢子带的对比和同层所产动物化石,讨论了它们的时代。     

内蒙北部晚白垩世马斯特里赫特期(Maastrichtian)的孢粉组合

1.在内蒙北部首次发现含有山龙眼粉、正型粉的晚白垩世马斯特里赫特期的孢粉组合。2.孢粉组合反映了沉积时期内蒙北部地形较现在起伏大,曾有低山及平原,生长有亚热带山地针叶林、亚热带常绿落叶阔叶和常绿针叶混交林及沼泽湖滨盐碱地植物,气候温暖,稍干旱。3.内蒙北部马斯特里赫特期孢粉区系与当时西伯利亚、北美西部太平洋区系有密切联系,而与欧洲及北美大西洋联系较弱。     

New Late Cretaceous Pollen Genera and Species in the Jiaag Han Basin of Hubei

In this paper, five new pollen genera and twenty new pollen species of angiospermae from the Late Cretaceous of a certain basin in central China are described. Four new organ genera and their species include: Morinoipollenites normalis gen. et sp. nov., Morinoipollenites minor gen. et sp. nov., Morinoipollenites polyprojectus gen. et sp. nov., Morinoipollenites rhombiformis gen. et sp. nov., Jianghanpollis ringens gen. et sp. nov., Jianghanpollis, mikros gen. et sp. nov., Jianghanpollis radiatus gen. et sp. nov., Jianghanpollis sayangensis gen. et sp. nov., Jianghanpollis arciformis gen. et sp. nov., Myoporumpollonites variabilis gen. et sp. nov., Myoporumpollenites striatus gen. et sp. nov., Lythraites giganteus Yu, Guo et Mao gen. et sp. nov. Lythraites clavatus sp. nov., Lythraites dilutus sp. nov., Lythraites magnus sp. nov., Lythraites varrustriatus sp. nov., Lythraites pachyrrhachis sp. nov.; the new-form genus and its species are: Crassimarginpollenites reticulatus gen. et sp. nov., Crassimerginpollenites mirus gen. et sp. nov., Crassimarginpollenites psilatus gen. et sp. nov. The new pollen genera and their species described herein have been compared in some details with recent pollens and considered their affinity with such recent families as Dipsacaceae, Myoporaceae, Apocynaceae and Lythraceae. According to the age of the pollen-bearing strata, a preliminary discussion is made regarding to the taxonomy of the recent plants families with which our new described pollens are related. Hence, this study may provide some mieropalaeobotanical information for deciphering 'the phylogeny of these plants.     

长江流域兽类物种多样性的分布格局

共记录了长江流域内兽类280种,隶属于11目36科135属,特有种和受威胁物种分别有14种和154种。根据兽类分布特点,依据山系和水系将长江流域分为19个区域,除了江源区外,物种丰富度、G-F多样性指数和特有种比例,从上游到下游区域总体趋势是随海拔降低逐渐降低,形成以四川盆地和沅江为分界线的3个数量级;利用Jaccard物种相似性系数对长江流域内19个区域进行聚类分析,发现整个流域分成4部分:江源区;横断山区、川西高原、云南高原、四川盆地和秦巴山区;贵州高原、江南丘陵、鄱阳湖平原和长江三角洲;淮阳山地、两湖平原和长江下游平原,基本反映了流域内自然地理环境及我国大陆地势三级台阶变化的特点。     

The Significance of the Found Fossil Species of Wodehouseia in China

Fossil pollen of Wodehouseia were first found by E. A. Stanley in 1961.There are several species of Wodehouseia found from the drill cores of the Lower member of Taizhou Formation in Rutung, North Jiangsu. It provides an evidence forjudging the Lower member of Taizhou Formation to be Maestrichtian age. In the assemblage of the Lower member of Taizhou Formation, there are not onlyAquiapollenites and Wodehouseia but also Morinoipollenites and Jianghanpollis. TheAquilapollenites and Wodehouseia are typical genera occurred in the humid, subtropicalclimatic phytogeoprovince in the “Aquilapolles District”, circumpacific and Siberiaduring Late Cretaceous age. The Morinoipollenites and Jianghanpollis are typical ge-nera occurred in the arid(or semiarid), subtropical climatic phytogeoprovince in widesouthern areas of our country at that time. This mixed assemblage provides a key tocompare the assemblage in wide southern areas of our country with those in other countries. The author discusses the geographical distributions and distributions of geologicalperiod of Wodehouseia in detail. The structure of Wodehouseia and the paleoecology of the parent plant of Wodehouseia pollen are explored. 7 species including 3 new spe-cies are described in this paper. The new species are Wodehouseia jiangsuensis sp. nov., W. circinata sp. nov., W. zoros sp. nov.     

Molecular Characterization of the Total Bacteria and Dissimilatory Arsenate-Reducing Bacteria in Core Sediments of the Jianghan Plain,Central China

Arsenic contamination in groundwater has been reported in the Jianghan Plain of China since 2005, yet little is known about the microbial communities involved in As mobilization in this area, especially the dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacteria (DARB) communities. Here, we conducted a cultivation-independent investigation on core sediments collected from a region with arsenic-contaminated groundwater in the Jianghan Plain to reveal the total bacteria and DARB community structures. Highly diverse As-resistant bacteria communities were found from sediment samples via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Notably, we identified 27 unique arrA gene (encoding the alpha subunit of dissimilatory arsenate reductase) phylotypes, none of which was related to any previously described arrA gene sequence. This suggests a novel and unique DARB community in the sediments of the Jianghan Plain and expands our knowledge about the distribution and diversity of this group of bacteria in natural environments. Moreover, RDA and CCA demonstrated that total bacterial communities and specific functional groups are controlled by different environmental factors. Specifically, sediment pH, NH₄⁺, total nitrogen, total Fe, total organic carbon and total phosphorus were the key factors driving total bacterial community compositions, while As significantly shaped DARB community structures. This report is the first to describe DARB communities and their correlation with environmental factors in Jianghan Plain sediments, which could give us clues about the origin of the arsenic contamination of groundwater in this region.     

田阳百峰遗址发现的含手斧石制品研究

百峰遗址位于百色盆地西部右江南岸的第四级河流阶地。本文报道我们在该遗址调查时采集的37件石制品,其中包括2件手斧和16件手镐。这些手斧和手镐均用扁平砾石为毛坯加工而成,暗示生活在百色盆地的早期人类加工石器时利用附近可获得的原料。在遗址的网纹红土地层中,新暴露出来的石制品和玻璃陨石处于同一层位,显示百色盆地第四级阶地的石制品制作时代与玻璃陨石的降落事件时间一致,在中更新世早期。     

柴达木盆地石炭纪古生物地理归属研究

柴达木盆地石炭纪的Ｔｉｎｇ类,珊瑚和腕足动物的代表属与中国其它代表地区－塔里木盆地,准噶尔盆地,陕甘宁地区,华北地区,华南地区,西藏北部地区可以进行对比,在计算大Ｚｏｎｇ相似系数的基础上,进行Ｑ型聚类分析,得出古生物地理分区结果,则解决柴达木盆地石炭纪古生物地理归属问题,研究结果表明,早石炭世可划分为：柴达木－华南－陕甘宁生物区;塔里木－藏北生物区和准噶尔生物区,柴达木属于柴达木－华南生物亚区,晚     

Molecular indicators of microbial contributions to recent and Tertiary hypersaline lacustrine sediments in China

In this paper, we investigate the molecular characteristics of recent sediment from the Ejinur salt lake (northern China) and eight Tertiary (Eocene) core samples from Qianjiang Formation (Eq1-4) of Jianghan basin, central eastern China, focussing on the distributions and abundances of carboxylic acid isolated from extractable organic matter. n-Alkanoic acids in sediments from both study areas (Ejinur and Jianghan) show a pronounced even over odd predominance (EOP) and a bimodel distribution. In the lower molecular weight range C16 and C_18 components are prominent with the former dominant. For higher homologues (≥ C20), docosanoic (C22) and tetracosanoic (C24) acids dominant the n-alkanoic acid homologues for the Jianghan and Ejinur samples, respectively. Alkanoic acids with an isoprenoid skeleton are more abundant in Jianghan, including C20, C21, C24, C_25 and C30 homologues, with a C25 component (3, 7, 11, 15, 19-pentamethyleicosanoic acid) most pronounced in the lower part of the Qianjiang Fm. The carbon skeletons of these isoprenoid acids are identical to those of isoprenoid hydrocarbons previously recognized in source rocks and petroleums from Jianghan, and attributed to Archaea (formally called archaebacteria; e.g. halophiles, methanogens). The similarity in the distributions of isoprenoid alkanoic acids and alkanes suggests that these isoprenoid acids must derive from comparable biological sources, although they appear to be formed geochemically from biosynthetic precursors (e.g. alkanes, alkenes, alkanols or alkenols). The possibility that these acids are formed as oxidation artifacts from alkanes can be discounted because of the dissimilarity between the distributions of n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanes. Iso and anteiso branched carboxylic acids are prevalent in both the Ejinur sample and the upper portion of the Qiangiang Fm (Eq1-3). They derive from bacteria, perhaps sulfate reducing bacteria, and their abundances may aid assessment of the importance of bacterial contributions of organic matter in different sedimentary environments. The presence of hopanoid acids and a 3-carboxy steroidal acid further attest to contributions from bacterial and eukaryotic sources, respectively. The occurrence of carboxylic acids in the Jianghan samples confirms the potential for these compounds to survive in ancient sediments and source rocks, notably in hypersaline settings. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic diversity analysis of an indigenous Chinese buffalo breed and hybrids based on microsatellite data

Chinese native buffaloes have faced the threat of extinction, along with an increase in crossbreeding with domesticated river buffaloes; consequently, conservation of local buffalo genetic resources has become a priority. A Chinese native breed, Jianghan, is often crossed intentionally and unintentionally with imported breeds from India and Pakistan, Murrah, and Nili-Ravi. A total of 128 buffaloes of the breeds Jianghan, Murrah, and Nili-Ravi and their presumed hybrid offspring were genotyped for 10 microsatellite markers. Heterozygosity and Wright's F-statistics were calculated to determine the genetic variation in those populations. The observed average heterozygosities ranged from 0.836 (Murrah) to 0.986 (Jianghan), higher than the expected heterozygosities and all the inbreeding values within the populations were negative. The genetic distances between the presumed hybrid buffaloes and the two imported river type dairy buffalo breeds (Murrah and Nili-Ravi) were lower than with the native Jianghan, indicating strong contributions of the imported breeds to this presumed hybrid buffalo population. This information will be useful for the development of rational breeding for the dairy buffalo industry and for conservation strategies for the Jianghan buffalo.