核仁含磷蛋白B_(23)mRNA的部分提纯

用蔗糖梯度离心法对Novikoff肝癌细胞的多聚(A)~+mRNA进行了链长分部。沉降在13S和15S的组分6和组分7富集了B_(23)mRNA,其体外转译产物可特异地被抗蛋白B_(23)的抗体免疫吸附,被吸附的蛋白在SDS-PAGE中迁移到大约37,000道尔顿的区带。另外,用多聚核糖体免疫吸附技术提纯了少量B_(23)mRNA,它在体外转译系统中也指导合成了分子量约为37,000道尔顿的蛋白质。     

[D丙~6,脯~9乙基胺]-促黄体素释放激素LH-RHA对妊娠兔子宫内膜多聚核糖体mRNA的作用

本实验制备了非孕兔、孕兔和绐孕兔注射高剂量[D丙‘,脯’乙基胺]-促黄体素释放激素(LH-RH A)不同天数的子宫内膜多聚核糖体,并从多聚核糖体提取mRNA,在网织红细胞无细胞翻译系统中测定了活性。结果指出用LH-RH A处理后多聚核糖体mRNA量减少,其翻译活性降低,在体内实验中核糖体mRNA诱导兔子宫分秘蛋白的合成也受到抑制,特别是分子量大约为22,000和69,000左右的分泌蛋白合成受到明显抑制。     

猪垂体总mRNA的提取、鉴定及其cDNA的合成

 用改进的LiCl沉淀法和寡聚(dT)-纤维素亲和层析法由猪垂体制得总mRNA。在兔网织红细胞无细胞翻译体系中进行体外翻译的结果表明,制得的总mRNA具有一定的翻译活力。翻译产物与兔抗猪生长激素抗血清发生免疫沉淀,沉淀物占总翻译产物的10％左右。SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的结果表明翻译产物有一条很深的带,分子量约为24,000道尔顿,与猪前生长激素的分子量相近。以制备的mRNA为模板反转录合成了双链cDNA。第一链的合成产率为10—35％,第二链的合成产率为84—115％。cDNA的平均分子长度为825bp。     

牛生长激素结构不均一性的研究

本文报导用常规方法分离纯化的牛生长激素,在还原性SDS-11％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中呈分子量很接近的两条主带(22KD,21.5KD)。用单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体亲和层析技术分析了不同分子量形式的牛生长激素的转化,结果表明:牛生长激素可能在pH5.5条件下转化为21.5KD分子,在pH8.3条件下则转化18KD分子。这几种形式的牛生长激素均保留与抗体的结合力,但亲和力不尽相同,如在亲和层析的洗脱性质上存在差异。已检验分离并部分纯化了18KD分子以备作进一步的研究。     

采用双抗体免疫沉淀技术分离和提纯大鼠肝细胞白蛋白mRNA

采用双抗体技术和Poly(U)-Sepha-rose 亲和层析法,分离和纯化出为均一的大鼠肝细胞白蛋白mRNA。把酸乙醇—硫酸铵分部和Sephadex G-150柱层析得到均一的大鼠血清白蛋白,免疫家兔得到抗血清,上白蛋白-Sepharose 柱,得到了纯的抗白蛋白抗体。用它与肝聚核糖体一起温育,得到合成白蛋白的聚核糖体。它们之间的结合是高度专一的,似乎是通过核糖体上的初生白蛋白多肽的免疫识别作用所致。反应的免疫复合物用第二抗体追踪,然后把聚核糖体—第一抗体—第二抗体复合物,通过一个不连续的蔗糖梯度,除去未反应的聚核糖体和抗体。用苯酚—氯仿—异戊醇(50∶48∶2)从免疫沉淀中分离出白蛋白聚核糖体RNA,上poly(U)-Sepharose 柱,得到大鼠肝细胞白蛋白mRNA。所分离白蛋白mRNA,在2%聚丙烯酰胺—0.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳时为一条带。在依赖于mRNA 的麦胚无细胞蛋白合成系统中,所有的翻译产物由第一抗体识别,第二抗体追踪,用凝胶电泳法鉴定为真正的白蛋白——约有70—80%新生白蛋白多肽与天然白蛋白一起移动。麦胚抽提物的翻译分析表明,提纯的白蛋白mRNA 的活力可高达白蛋白pRNA 的53倍。     

牛生长激素cDNA的分子克隆

我们克隆了与牛生长激素Poly(A)⁺RNA互补的DNA(cDNA)。首先从小牛垂体中提纯总的Pply(A)⁺RNA,用AMV逆转录酶合成单链cDNA,以单链cDNA为模板合成双链cDNA,用多聚G及多聚c谱尾法将双链cDNA克隆到pBR322质粒的Pst I位点上,构建成牛垂体PoIy(A)⁺RNA的cDNA文库。以牛生长激素基因为探针,筛选出7个阳性菌落,经电泳鉴定有两个菌落(1号和2号)含有大于500bp的插入片段。1号克隆经酶切图谱、southeTn blot 杂交及序列分析证实含有牛生长激素的编码序列。     

大鼠肝癌(BERH-2)细胞甲胎蛋白信使核糖核酸的分离与提纯

采用双抗体免疫沉淀合成AFP的聚核糖体并合Poly(U)-Sepharose亲和层析的方法分离和提纯了大鼠肝癌BERH-2细胞的AFPmRNA。这种纯的AFPmRNA在2％聚丙烯酰胺—0.5％琼脂糖凝胶中以单一的22S带移动。用双抗体免疫沉淀的方法,鉴定麦胚抽提液中由AFPmRNA直接合成的蛋白。在纯甲胎抗体所沉淀的多肽中,有95％的放射性在凝胶电泳中与载体AFP一起移动。在最佳条件下,AFPmRNA在麦胚系统中翻译产物比AFPpRNA高54倍。用AMV反转录酶合成互补于AFP-mRNA的DNA(AFP~3H-cDNA),用分析AFP-mRNA.AFP~3H-cDNA杂化物的热变性来测定AFPcDNA的真实性。高达89℃的Tm值,表明所反转录的cDNA是AFP-mRNA真实的拷贝。     

小鼠大脑抑制性神经元特异性多聚核糖体结合型mRNA的提取

目的:建立能够高效、快速地从小鼠大脑提取抑制性神经元特异性多聚核糖体结合的mRNA的方法,为进行小鼠大脑抑制性神经元特异性翻译表达谱分析提供材料。方法:依据Cre-loxp系统,将RiboHA标签小鼠与抑制性神经元特异性VGAT-Cre/PV-Cre小鼠杂交,启动抑制性神经元中核糖体上HA标签的表达。后代小鼠进行基因型鉴定,获得同时表达Cre和HA的小鼠。利用免疫荧光染色检测HA的表达。通过免疫共沉淀从目标细胞群体中获得HA标记的多聚核糖体。提取多聚核糖体结合的mRNA。荧光定量PCR法检测所得mRNA的细胞类型特异性。利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳及bioanalyzer 2100检测所得mRNA及cDNA的质量。结果:HA标记的多聚核糖体在目标细胞群体中能够被高效启动表达。抑制性神经元特异性多聚核糖体结合的mRNA能够被特异性地富集提取。所获细胞类型特异性的多聚核糖体结合的mRNA及cDNA的质量足以用来进行高通量测序及翻译表达谱的分析。结论:利用Cre-loxp遗传系统标记,结合蛋白免疫共沉淀实验,建立了从小鼠大脑抑制性神经元中高效特异地获得多聚核糖体结合的mRNA的方法,为进一步进行小鼠大脑抑制性神经元特异性翻译表达谱的分析奠定了基础。     

大鼠脑线粒体体外蛋白翻译体系的建立及蛋白产物的鉴定

目的 :建立大鼠脑组织线粒体的体外蛋白合成体系并对其合成产物进行电泳分离和分子量鉴定。方法 :分离大鼠脑组织线粒体 ,用3 H 亮氨酸掺入法探索线粒体体外翻译的最佳条件 ,3 5S 蛋氨酸掺入并对翻译后产物经SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和放射自显影进行分子量鉴定。结果 :分离的线粒体氧化磷酸化偶联程度高 ,呼吸控制率(RCR)在 3.5～ 5 .5之间 ;体外3 H 亮氨酸的掺入活性在 6 0min内近似线性增长 ,而后维持在一相对稳定水平 ;3 H 亮氨酸的掺入活性随线粒体蛋白浓度而增加 ,而单位线粒体蛋白的掺入活性在 1mg/ml时最高 ;3 5S 蛋氨酸掺入SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后可观察到清晰的 8条自显影带 ,分子量分别为 (单位Kda) 86、6 6、5 6、43、33、2 9、2 5、18。结论 :用此方法建立的脑线粒体离体翻译反应体系具有高活性和翻译忠实性等特点 ,是研究脑mtDNA在翻译水平的表达及调控的有效方法     

牛生长激素抗体的制备及其纯化

 <正> 生长激素是垂体前叶分泌的蛋白质类激素,它在体内有多种生物学效应。近年来,对生长激素的作用机理及生长激素基因工程的研究报道很多,国内也开始了这方面的工作。我们实验室从1984年开始进行牛生长激素基因工程的研究。在这项研究中,为获得牛生长激素基因的探针,首先需要有高纯度牛生长激素mRNA。双抗体免疫沉淀法是分离、纯化特异mRNA的有效方法,采用这种方法分离牛生长激素(bGH)mRNA,需要有高纯度bGH抗体。此外,高纯度牛生长激素抗体对于检测生长激素cDNA在细菌中的表达,对于制备亲和层析     

Synthesis of bovine growth hormone in primates by using a herpesvirus vector.

A strain of herpesvirus saimiri containing a bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene under the control of the simian virus 40 (SV40) late-region promoter was constructed. This strain, bGH-Z20, was replication competent and stably harbored the bGH gene upon serial passage. Nonpermissive marmoset T cells persistently infected with bGH-Z20 produced a 0.9-kilobase RNA which contained all of the bGH exon sequences and appeared to initiate within the SV40 promoter region. However, in permissively infected owl monkey kidney cells, RNAs containing growth hormone sequences appeared to initiate from herpesvirus saimiri promoters positioned upstream from the SV40-growth hormone gene. Persistently infected T cells in culture secreted 500 ng of bGH protein per 10(6) cells per 24 h during the several months of testing. The secreted protein was 21 kilodaltons, the size of authentic bGH. New World primates experimentally infected with bGH-Z20 produced circulating bGH and developed immunoglobulin G antibodies directed against bGH. Because herpesviruses characteristically remain latent in the infected host, these observations suggest a means for replacing gene products missing or defective in hereditary genetic disorders.     

The artificial AT-rich block enhanced the production of bovine growth hormone in Escherichia coli

In order to increase the synthesis of bovine growth hormone (bGH) using T7 promoter system in E. coli, the artificial AT-rich block was introduced into the upstream region of a consensus Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence and the spacer region (between SD and ATG codon) was enriched with A and T nucleotides. The cells harboring pTAJ plasmids with AT-rich block produced bGH in the range of 3% to 25% and the cells harboring pTBJ plasmids with AT-rich sequence in the spacer region from 0.8% to 20% of total cell proteins. This result suggests that AT rich block and AT nucleotides in the spacer region destabilize mRNA secondary structure, depending on the downstream coding information of bGH gene and also, implying that the disruption of mRNA secondary structure might be a major factor for regulating bGH expression in the translational initiation process.     

Molecular cloning of DNA complementary to bovine growth hormone mRNA

We have cloned DNA complementary to mRNA coding for bovine growth hormone (bGH). Double-stranded DNA complementary to bovine pituitary mRNA was inserted into the Pst I site of plasmid pBR322 by the dC x dG tailing technique and amplified in E. coli x 1776. A recombinant plasmid containing bGH cDNA ws identified by hybridization to cloned rat growth hormone cDNA. It contains the entire coding and 3'-untranslated regions and 31 bases in the 5'-untranslated region. Nucleotide sequence analysis determined the sequence of the 26-amino acid signal peptide and confirmed the published amino acid sequence of the secreted hormone at all but 2 residues. Codon usage is nonrandom, with 81.7% of the codons ending in G or C. The nucleotide sequence of bGH mRNA is 83.9% homologous with rat GH mRNA and 76.5% homologous with human GH mRNA, while the respective amino acid sequence homologies are 83.5% and 66.8%.     

High-level expression of the bovine growth hormone gene in heterologous mammalian cells

The gene coding for bovine growth hormone (bGH) was isolated from a lambda-phage library constructed using bovine pituitary DNA partially digested with MboI. Expression of this gene transfected into mouse and monkey cells was studied. CV-1 monkey cells transfected with simian virus 40 (SV40) vectors containing the intact bGH gene, including the putative promoter region, did not express bGH. However, replacement of the bGH promoter with the mouse metallothionein-I (MT) promoter resulted in high-level synthesis and secretion of bGH. These results show that the bGH promoter functions poorly in CV-1 cells but CV-1 cells process and translate the bGH mRNA accurately. The MT-bGH chimeric gene was used to establish permanent bGH-secreting mouse C127 cell lines using the 69% transforming fragment of bovine papilloma virus (BPV) as the vector. One such cell line produced high levels of bGH and secreted it into the medium efficiently. Secreted bGH is processed accurately and is bioactive as judged by its ability to bind to rabbit liver membrane preparations.     

Prolactin and Growth Hormone Binding in Mammary and Liver Tissue of Lactating Cows

Abstract

A radioligand/receptor binding assay was developed using homologous hormones to distinguish between bovine growth hormone (bGH) and bovine prolactin (bPRL) receptors in liver and mammary tissue of lactating cows. Mammary and liver tissues were homogenized in 0.3 M sucrose and centrifuged at 100,000 x g over a 1.3 M sucrose density gradient. Membranes from the 0.3 - 1.3 M sucrose interface were incubated with 1 ng of iodinated bGH or bPRL for 20 h at 22°C in the presence of increasing concentrations of native bGH or bPRL. High affinity receptor binding sites were found for bPRL in liver and mammary tissue membranes (Ka=3.2 and 1.3 × 10⁸ 1/mol with 34 and 63 fmol receptors/mg liver and mammary membrane protein, respectively) and for bGH only in liver tissue (Ka=1.8 × 10⁹ 1/mol, 18 fmol receptors/mg membrane protein). Receptor number estimates were 3 and 11 times higher in mammary and liver tissue using a heterologous hGH system indicating that heterologous systems may overestimate the number of receptors in bovine tissue. The absence of demonstratable bGH receptors in lactating bovine mammary tissue supports in vitro results of others with isolated mammary tissue indicating that the positive effect of bGH on milk production in intact cows is via an indirect mechanism.