人纤溶酶原K1-3基因的克隆、表达和产物的纯化及抗癌活性分析

纤溶酶原K1－3功能区是近年发现的血管生成抑制因子,具有抑制肿瘤生长和转移的活性。以人血管生成抑制素cDNA为模板用PCR技术扩增了K1－3功能区的基因,DNA序列分析后克隆至质粒pPIC9上获得重组质粒pPIC9K13转化毕节酵母GS115,用PCR和G418法筛选高拷贝转化子,进行摇瓶发酵。SDS－PAGE和Western blot分析结果证实K1－3基因已在GS115分泌表达,并具有免疫活性。选用30L和80L罐进行高密度发酵,甲醇诱导48h细胞密度达到OD250－300,比摇瓶提高5－6倍,表达量150－200mg/L,发酵上清液经Streamline SP离子交换及Phenyl-Sephorose疏水层析纯化,在SDS－PAGE上显示一条带,纯度96％,动物实验证明纯化产物具有抗血管生成和抗肿瘤的活性。     

重组人血管内皮细胞生长因子121 cDNA的基因克隆、表达和鉴定

应用RT-PCR方法,扩增人VEGF₁₂₁ cDNA基因片段,与酵母表达载体pPIC9K重组,获得表达质粒p9KVEGF₁₂₁.该质粒转化毕赤酵母菌GS115,用G418-YPD平板筛选高拷贝转化子,PCR鉴定VEGF₁₂₁ cDNA与酵母染色体整合状态,高拷贝转化子用甲醇诱导表达.工程菌用5 L发酵罐发酵,表达产物r-hVEGF₁₂₁占培养液中总蛋白量70%以上.纯化产物促进牛毛细血管内皮(BCE)细胞增殖,并强烈促进血管通透.     

草鱼生长激素基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

将草鱼生长激素基因（cGH）的cDNA亚克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,经电击转化导入毕赤巴斯德酵母GS115菌株,获得转化子。菌落PCR技术筛选证实cGH已经整合到了酵母染色体上。对重组酵母进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析,结果表明cGH的毕赤巴斯德酵母GS115菌株中获得了高效表达。     

人纤溶酶原K1-3基因的克隆、表达和产物的纯化及抗癌活性分析

纤溶酶原K13功能区是近年发现的血管生成抑制因子,具有抑制肿瘤生长和转移的活性。以人血管生成抑制素cDNA为模板用PCR技术扩增了K13功能区的基因,DNA序列分析后克隆至质粒pPIC9K上获得重组质粒pPIC9K13,转化毕节酵母GS115,用PCR和G418法筛选高拷贝转化子,进行摇瓶发酵。SDSPAGE和Western blot分析结果证实K13基因已在GS115分泌表达,并具有免疫活性。选用30L和80L罐进行高密度发酵,甲醇诱导48h细胞密度达到OD250～300,比摇瓶提高5～6倍,表达量150200mg/L。发酵上清液经Streamline SP离子交换及PhenylSephorose疏水层析纯化,在SDSPAGE上显示一条带,纯度96%,动物实验证明纯化产物具有抗血管生成和抗肿瘤的活性。      

自身抗原组氨酰转移核糖核酸合成酶基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的分泌表达研究

目的:通过基因克隆在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达人自身抗原组氨酰转移核糖核酸合成酶(HRS或Jo-1)。方法:PCR扩增Jo-1基因,与酵母表达载体pPIC9k重组,构建表达质粒pPIC9k-Jo-1。用电穿孔法转化酵母菌SMD1168,在MD平板上筛选重组克隆,用G418快速筛选高拷贝转化子,阳性克隆经甲醇诱导表达后,培养上清用SDS-PAGE和免疫酶斑点法鉴定。结果:PCR产物长约1500bp,与预期1526bp接近;pPIC9k-Jo-1重组阳性克隆测序结果与GenBank核酸数据库的报道完全一致,双酶切鉴定正确,表达产物Jo-1的相对分子质量约55000,免疫酶斑点法证实表达产物具有天然Jo-1分子的免疫原性,阴性对照菌未见目的表达条带。结论:Jo-1在巴斯德毕赤酵母中分泌表达成功,为后续研究打下了基础。     

猪β防御素1基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

PBD-1是猪防御系统起重要作用的抗菌小肽,为实现其在毕赤酵母中的表达,根据已发表的猪β防御素1(PBD-1)氨基酸序列和酵母偏好密码子,用PCR方法获得PBD-1基因,克隆到分泌型表达载体pPIC9K信号序列α因子之后,构建重组表达质粒pPIC9K-PBD-1,用SalⅠ将其线性化后转化毕赤酵母SMD1168,采用PCR法筛选Mut 表型,在AOX1启动子调控下,分子量约4.5kD的PBD-1抗菌肽得到表达。抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑菌活性。首次在毕赤酵母表达系统中实现了PBD-1的分泌表达。     

一种多拷贝毕赤酵母表达载体的构建及人脑源性神经营养因子的表达

利用PCR技术扩增出pPIC9K载体的HIS4 Kan序列片段 ,与pPICZα重组 ,构建结合了两个载体特点的适合体外构建多拷贝基因表达盒的毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZα1,改造后的载体含HIS4 Kan序列 ,能整合到酵母染色体上 ,具有筛选方便、外源基因多拷贝组建迅速、蛋白产物分泌表达和易纯化等优点。将人脑源性神经营养因子(hBDNF)的cDNA(35 7bp)克隆入载体pPICZα1,利用同尾酶BglⅡ、BamHⅠ不可逆连接方式 ,分别构建含有 1、2、3、6个拷贝hBDNF表达盒的重组表达载体 ,电击法转化毕赤酵母GS115菌株 ,用G4 18和Zeocin筛选转化子 ,筛选到的阳性转化子用 0 5 %甲醇诱导 ,获得分泌型表达。表达产物类似于天然神经营养因子单体大小、分子量约 14kD。多拷贝hBDNF表达盒的表达水平亦高于单拷贝hBDNF表达盒 ,ELISA和Westernblot检测表明 :表达的蛋白能与鸡抗人脑源性神经营养因子抗体特异结合 ,证实该表达蛋白具有hBDNF的免疫原性     

筛选G-box结合蛋白的酵母单杂交文库的构建

目的：筛选花青素合成中的关键基因查尔酮合成酶基因CHS启动子中G-box的结合蛋白,从而找到调节CHS表达的转录因子。方法：采用Matchmaker Gold Yeast One-Hybrid Library Screening System,将CHS启动子G-box序列串联后整合入酵母染色体,构建诱饵菌株;采用SMART技术合成芜菁幼苗下胚轴cDNA,将该cDNA与pGADT7-Rec表达载体共同转化诱饵菌株,通过同源重组在酵母细胞内同步进行cDNA文库的构建和筛选;用酵母菌落PCR法获得阳性克隆中的cDNA插入片段,测序后在NCBI网站进行Blast分析。结果：共筛选了2.52×106个酵母克隆,得到94个阳性克隆,菌落PCR获得了长度为0.4~2.0 kb的cDNA插入片段,并通过Blast推测了其编码蛋白。结论：实验结果证明酵母单杂交文库构建成功,初步筛选获得了G-box结合蛋白的候选蛋白,为研究CHS的表达调控奠定了基础。     

酵母双杂交技术筛选与hCLP46蛋白相互作用的蛋白

目的：利用酵母双杂交技术,筛选人类白细胞cDNA文库中能与人类CD34＋干/祖细胞异常表达蛋白hCLP46（Human CAP10-Like Protein46）相互作用的未知蛋白。通过对其相互作用蛋白的筛选和研究,深入探讨hCLP46的功能,为骨髓增生异常综合症MDS-AML的病理提供线索。方法：以pGBKT7-hCLP46为诱饵质粒筛选人类白细胞cDNA 文库,得到阳性克隆,并对验证后的阳性克隆的外源性片段进行测序及同源性分析。结果：从人类白细胞cDNA文库中得到86个阳性克隆,经过验证,最终得到5个阳性克隆。对验证后的阳性克隆的外源片断进行测序及同源性分析,最终得到4个不同的候选基因序列。结论：应用酵母双杂交系统,共筛选得到4个不同的基因,其编码蛋白与hCLP46 有相互作用,可能与MDS-AML发病机制相关。     

含人纤溶酶原K5基因的腺病毒载体制备和功能研究

应用PCR将人纤溶酶原信号肽序列引入K5cDNA基因 ,与真核表达载体pcDNA3重组 ,形成重组质粒pcDNA3K5 ,与穿梭质粒pShuttle重组得pShuttleK5 ,经与腺病毒DNA重组 ,PCR鉴定正确 ,即为pAd K5。脂质体法将其转染 2 93细胞后 ,制备细胞裂解液 ;噬斑分析法测定病毒滴度为 5× 10 8pfu mL。将病毒以不同的感染系数 (MOI)感染人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV30 4和人乳腺癌细胞株MDA MB 2 31,MTT法检测两者的增殖情况 :ECV30 4细胞增殖受抑制 ,而MDA MB 2 31细胞增殖未受明显影响。将感染病毒的ECV30 4细胞接种于ECMatrixTM胶 ,显示内皮细胞分化和毛细血管管腔形成受抑制。表明所构建的含人纤溶酶原K5基因的重组复制缺陷型腺病毒具有抑制ECV30 4细胞增殖、分化和管腔形成的作用而对MDA MB 2 31细胞的生长则无影响。     

Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by the recombinant kringle domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a multidomain serine protease that converts the zymogen plasminogen to plasmin. tPA contains two kringle domains which display considerable sequence identity with those of angiostatin, an angiogenesis inhibitor. TK1-2, a recombinant kringle domain composed of t-PA kringles 1 and 2 (Ala(90)-Thr(263)), was produced by both bacterial and yeast expression systems. In vitro, TK1-2 inhibited endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor. It did not inhibit proliferation of non-endothelial cells. TK1-2 also inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. These results suggest that the recombinant kringle domain of t-PA is a selective inhibitor of endothelial cell growth and identifies this molecule as a novel anti-angiogenic agent.     

Direct binding of recombinant plasminogen kringle 1-3 to angiogenin inhibits angiogenin-induced angiogenesis in the chick embryo CAM

Angiogenin is one of the most potent angiogenesis-inducing proteins. Angiostatin is one of the most potent angiogenesis inhibitors, and it contains the first four kringle domains of plasminogen (K1-4). Recombinant human plasminogen kringle 1-3 (rK1-3) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The binding of t-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the purified kringle 1-3 was determined by changes in intrinsic fluorescence. rK1-3 exhibits comparable ligand-binding properties as native human plasminogen kringle 1-3. The purified rK1-3 inhibits neovascularization in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Interaction of angiogenin with rK1-3 was examined by immunological binding assay and surface plasmon resonance kinetic analysis, and the equilibrium dissociation constants for the complex, K_d, are 0.89 and 0.18 μM, respectively. rK1-3 inhibits angiogenin-induced angiogenesis in the chick embryo CAM in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that rK1-3 directly binds to angiogenin and thus rK1-3 inhibits the angiogenic activity of angiogenin.     

Generation of biologically active angiostatin kringle 1-3 by activated human neutrophils

The contribution of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to host defense and natural immunity extends well beyond their traditional role as professional phagocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that upon stimulation with proinflammatory stimuli, human PMN release enzymatic activities that, in vitro, generate bioactive angiostatin fragments from purified plasminogen. We also provide evidence that these angiostatin-like fragments, comprising kringle domain 1 to kringle domain 3 (kringle 1-3) of plasminogen, are generated as a byproduct of the selective proteolytic activity of neutrophil-secreted elastase. Remarkably, affinity-purified angiostatin kringle 1-3 fragments generated by neutrophils inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor plus vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation in vitro, and both vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the matrigel plug assay and fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, in vivo. These results represent the first demonstration that biologically active angiostatin-like fragments can be generated by inflammatory human neutrophils. Because angiostatin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis, the data suggest that activated PMN not only act as potent effectors of inflammation, but might also play a critical role in the inhibition of angiogenesis in inflammatory diseases and tumors, by generation of a potent anti-angiogenic molecule.     

Expression of recombinant kringle 1-5 domains of human plasminogen by a prokaryote expression system

Kringle1-5 (K1-5), a proteolytic fragment containing five kringle domains of human plasminogen generated by plasmin-mediated proteolysis, has been already identified by Cao et al. with relation to anti-angiogenesis and proliferation of endothelial cells. To investigate anti-angiogenesis activity of recombinant human K1-5 (rhK1-5) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, the cDNA of human K1-5 obtained from cloning vector pUC57-K1-5 by PCR, was inserted into an expression vector pET30(+) to construct a prokaryotic expression vector pET-K1-5. Recombinant K1-5 efficiently expressed in E. coli BL21 after IPTG induction was monitored by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with an anti-angiostatin monoclonal antibody and an anti-hexahistidine tag antibody. The expressed K1-5 accounted for approximately 32% of the total bacterial proteins as estimated by densitometry, and existed mainly as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were washed, lysed, purified, and refolded to a purity of 96% as estimated by capillary electrophoresis and the final purification yield of K1-5 in E. coli system was approximately 5.8 mg/L. Purified K1-5 protein was tested on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs), and a large number of newly formed blood vessels were significantly regressed. In the present study, we demonstrated that bacterial-expressed K1-5 effectively inhibited angiogenesis of the chicken embryo in a dose-dependent manner through CAM assay. In addition, the rhK1-5 potently inhibited endothelial cell proliferation but not non-endothelial cells. For the first time, these findings demonstrate that the rhK1-5 produced by a prokaryote expression system effectively inhibited angiogenesis of the chicken embryo in a dose-dependent manner and specially suppressed in vitro the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This fact derived from the present study further suggests the rhK1-5 can be used for anti-angiogenesis therapy of cancer.     

Kringle 5 causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of endothelial cells.

Angiostatin which contains the first four kringle domains of plasminogen has been documented to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. More recently, another kringle structure within plasminogen but outside angiostatin, known as kringle 5 (K5), was found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Here, we report the cloning and expression of mouse kringle 5 (rK5) in a bacterial expression system. The protein was purified to homogeneity using a Ni-NTA column. rK5 inhibited both proliferation and migration of endothelial cells with ED50's of 10 nM and < 500 nM, respectively. In addition, we show for the first time that rK5 causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, shedding further insight into rK5's mechanism of action. Finally, we show that these actions are endothelial cell specific.     

Inhibition of angiogenesis by a novel neutralizing antibody targeting human VEGFR-3

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) is a receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor C and D (VEGF-C and D) and plays a critical role in the development of embryonic vascular system and regulation of tumor lymphangiogenesis. In this report, we generated a novel panel of 17 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human VEGFR-3 and determined their ability to inhibit the proliferation of human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells and angiogenesis of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Among these mAbs, BDD073 was demonstrated to inhibit the interaction of soluble VEGFR-3 with VEGF-D and the proliferation of HEL cells. Furthermore, in chick embryo CAM angiogenesis experiments, the angiogenesis induced by recombinant glutathione-S-transferase-VEGF-D was decreased in the presence of antibody BDD073. These data suggest that this novel neutralizing antibody against human VEGFR-3 could be a tool for the investigations into the biology of VEGFR-3, and potentially a reagent for blocking VEGF-D-induced angiogenesis and lymphogenesis.     

Inhibition of angiogenesis and angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth by the cryptic kringle fragments of human apolipoprotein(a)

Apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) contains tandemly repeated kringle domains that are closely related to plasminogen kringle 4, followed by a single kringle 5-like domain and an inactive protease-like domain. Recently, the anti-angiogenic activities of apo(a) have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. However, its effects on tumor angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. To evaluate the anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities of the apo(a) kringle domains and to elucidate their mechanism of action, we expressed the last three kringle domains of apo(a), KIV-9, KIV-10, and KV, in Escherichia coli. The resultant recombinant protein, termed rhLK68, exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro and inhibited the neovascularization in chick chorioallantoic membranes in vivo. The ability of rhLK68 to abrogate the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases appears to be responsible for rhLK68-mediated anti-angiogenesis. Furthermore, systemic administration of rhLK68 suppressed human lung (A549) and colon (HCT-15) tumor growth in nude mice. Immunohistochemical examination and in situ hybridization analysis of the tumors showed a significant decrease in the number of blood vessels and the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and angiogenin, indicating that suppression of angiogenesis may have played a significant role in the inhibition of tumor growth. Collectively, these results suggest that a truncated apo(a), rhLK68, is a potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor molecule.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2 C端片段PEX的原核表达及其对血管发生的抑制作用

为了克隆表达鸡的基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的C端片段PEX,并探讨其对血管发生的抑制作用,利用RT-PCR从鸡胚成纤维细胞克隆MMP-2 C端片段PEX,构建原核表达载体pCal-n-PEX;转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)-pLys,异丙基β-D硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导产生PEX融合蛋白,包涵体蛋白用盐酸胍法变性、复性;生长曲线观察PEX融合蛋白对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞增殖的影响;鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管发生实验研究其对血管发生的抑制作用.结果表明融合蛋白CBP/PEX具有抑制人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的生长和鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管发生的作用.提示PEX是有待进一步开发的潜在抑制血管发生的药物.     

重组人纤溶酶原Kringle1-3的生物学活性鉴定

目的：检测重组人纤溶酶原Kringle1-3（K1-3）的生物学活性。方法：用含重组人纤溶酶原K1-3基因的表达载体pET21a-Angio（K1-3）转化表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）后诱导表达,表达产物经溶解、复性和纯化后,进行SDS-PAGE,计算其相对分子质量;用BCA法测蛋白浓度,用细胞抑制实验（MTT法）和鸡胚绒毛膜尿囊膜（CAM）实验鉴定纯化产物对血管内皮细胞增殖和血管生成的抑制效果。结果：表达产物的相对分子质量为38000,与预期值一致;细胞抑制实验和CAM实验结果表明表达产物具有特异抑制血管内皮细胞增殖、血管生成的功能。结论：所纯化的重组人纤溶酶原K1-3具有抑制血管内皮细胞的生物学活性,为该蛋白在病理性血管疾病等方面的应用研究提供了材料。