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1.
Roots of Mandragora autumnalis and M. vernalis contain hyoscyamine, hyoscine, cuscohygrine, apoatropine 3α-tigloyloxytropane and 3,6-ditigloyloxytropane. Belladonnine is present in the dried roots but could not be detected in fresh roots. No major differences were found in the alkaloids present in the two species. This is the first time the presence of tiglic acid esters has been reported in Mandragora species and the significance of this in the chemotaxonomy of the genus is indicated. 相似文献
2.
The aerial parts and roots of Physalis peruviana (Cape Gooseberry) have been shown to contain tigloidine (3β-tigloyloxytropane) and 3α-tigloyloxytropane. The tiglic acid moiety of these alkaloids is derived from l-iSoleucine. 相似文献
3.
Six-month-old Cynoglossum officinale plants were fed via the roots with tiglic acid-[1-14C]. After a week the plants were harvested, the alkaloid heliosupine was isolated and hydrolysed to heliotridine and angelic acid. The latter contained all the radioactivity of the original heliosupine showing that angelic acid may be formed from tiglic acid by a cis-trans isomerization. 相似文献
4.
Datura meteloides; plants were fed with tiglic acid-[-14C] via the roots and after 2 days the percentage incorporation into the alkaloids 3α-tigloyloxytropane, 3α,6β-ditigloyloxytropane, meteloidine and 3α,6β-ditigloyloxytropan-7β-ol were 15·2, 1·82, 2·2 and 1·8 respectively. 3α,6β-Ditigloyloxytropane was partially hydrolysed to 6β-hydroxy-3α-tigloyloxytropane which contained 58·1% of the radioactivity of the original base, whereas 3α,6β-ditigloyloxytropan-7β-ol gave meteloidine containing only 9·2% of the original activity. The results suggest that the di- and tri-hydroxytropanes may be formed by different routes. 相似文献
5.
Five-month-old Datura meteloides plants were fed via the roots with 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid-[1-14C] and isoleucine-[U-14C] as a positive control. After 5 days the plants were collected and in each case the root alkaloids 3α,6β-ditigloyloxytropane, 3α,6β-ditigloyloxytropan-7β-ol, meteloidine, hyoscine and hyoscyamine were isolated. Whereas isoleucine served as a precursor for the tiglic acid moieties 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid did not. 相似文献
6.
The investigation of seven Bolivian Senecio species afforded in addition to known compounds five new furanoeremophilanes, two C10-amides, a new isoeugenol ester and the isomer of pterophorin. The structures are elucidated mainly by spectroscopic methods. While most of the new compounds are closely related to those isolated before from Senecio species, four of them are unusual. Another is a new type of a furanoeremophilane; its biogenesis however, can be explained easily from known types. 相似文献
7.
《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》2013,31(4):147-150
AbstractGrowing cells of Pseudomonas putida transformed isoeugenol after 5 days of incubation to give mainly vanillin, eugenol, 4-(E)-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol and the dimeric molecule (+)-4-[2,3-dihydro-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(E)-(1-propenyl)-2-benzofuranyl]-2-methoxyphenol (licarin A). The formation of the latter compound from isoeugenol by biotransformation with P. putida is reported here for the first time. 相似文献
8.
Edward Leete 《Phytochemistry》1973,12(9):2203-2205
The administration of RS-α-methylbutyric-[1-14C] acid to Datura meteloides plants resulted in the formation of radioactive meteloidine. A systematic degradation indicated that essentially all the activity was located at C-1 of the tiglic acid moiety of the alkaloid. 相似文献
9.
Miroslav Penka 《Biologia Plantarum》1965,7(2):129-135
Relationship between roots and shoots ofPimpinella saxifraga L.,Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.,Lactuca sativa L., andBeta vulgaris subsp.esculenta (Salisbury) Gürke var.altissima Roessig was studied in irrigated and non-irrigated plants. It was found that the irrigation water did not influence distinctly the root-shoot ratio of the experimental plants. From the statical point of view, this relationship could be expressed by the following quantitative ratios for irrigated and non-irrigated plants: 3∶1 forPimpinella saxifraga L., 2∶1 forPetroselinum hortense Hoffm., 9∶1 forLactuca sativa L., and 1∶1 for beetroot. From the dynamic point of view it is possible to state that this ratio changes in the course of individual development. With plants cultivated for their aerial parts, it increased with age, while with plants cultivated for their roots, it decreased with age. The irrigation water produced much greater morphological changes (the shape and the surface area) in the root and shoot system of experimental plants. 相似文献
10.
The investigation of Calea urticifolia afforded eight new germacranolides. While five are heliangolides, three are of a new type and have some unusual structural features. The structures are elucidated by extensive 1H-NMR studies and some chemical transformations. In addition, a new isoeugenol and an unusual phloroglucinol derivative were isolated; the structure of the latter could only be established after some chemical transformations. Other Calea species contain typical C17 acetylenes only, also present in other species of the subtribe Galinsoginae. So far, the results on Calea indicate that the genus is chemically heterogenous. 相似文献
11.
《Phytochemistry》1986,25(2):505-507
(−)-Sprengelianin, (−)-prantschimgin and other minor coumarins were isolated from the roots and/or the umbels of Cachrys sicula. The roots also afforded the monoterpene hydroxyaldehyde ferulol esterified to angelic, tiglic and senecioic acids. The (−)-enantiomer of sprengelianin (2′S) had not been reported previously. The coumarins saxalin and pabulenol and the aromatic aldehyde 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde were also identified but these substances are presumably artefacts. 相似文献
12.
Albert T. Bottini Vasu Dev David J. Garfagnoli C.S. Mathela A.B. Melkani Angela A. Miller Noel S. Sturm 《Phytochemistry》1985,25(1):207-211
The major components of the essential oil from roots of Pimpinella diversifolia, gathered in the Kumaun Region of India, have been identified as the (+)-Z-2-methyl-2-butenoate (angelate) and (+)-isobutyrate esters of 4-methoxy-2-(E-3-methyloxiranyl)phenol. Aromatic 13C NMR resonances of these compounds and their synthetic acetate analog, as well as those of 2-methoxy-4-(E-3-methyloxiranyl)phenyl acetate prepared from isoeugenol, were found to be in excellent agreement with calculated values. Comparison of the EIMS of the natural and synthetic products with those reported for compounds previously identified as 2-methoxy-4-(E-3-methyloxiranyl)phenyl esters indicates that they also have the 4-methoxy-2-(E-3-methyloxiranyl)phenyl structure. 相似文献
13.
Inhibition and stimulation of root respiration in pisum and plantago by hydroxamate : its consequences for the assessment of alternative path activity 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
The contribution of the alternative pathway in root respiration of Pisum sativum L. cv Rondo, Plantago lanceolata L., and Plantago major L. ssp major was determined by titration with salicylhydroxamate (SHAM) in the absence and presence of cyanide. SHAM completely inhibited the cyanide-resistant component of root respiration at 5 to 10 millimolar with an apparent Ki of 600 micromolar. In contrast, SHAM enhanced pea root respiration by 30% at most, at concentrations below 15 millimolar. An unknown oxidase appeared to be responsible for this stimulation. Its maximum activity in the presence of low SHAM concentrations (1-5 millimolar) was 40% of control respiration rate in pea roots, since 25 millimolar SHAM resulted in 10% inhibition. In plantain roots, the maximum activity was found to be 15%. This hydroxamate-activated oxidase was distinct from the cytochrome path by its resistance to antimycin. The results of titrations with cyanide and antimycin indicated that high SHAM concentrations (up to 25 millimolar) block the hydroxamate-activated oxidase, but do not affect the cytochrome path and, therefore, are a reliable tool for estimating the activity of the alternative path in vivo. A considerable fraction of root respiration was mediated by the alternative path in plantain (45%) and pea (15%), in the latter because of the saturation of the cytochrome path. 相似文献
14.
Ahmed Ali Romeh 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》2016,25(8):941-956
Carbosulfan and carbofuran induce water pollution and health issues. Such issues may be solved by phytoremediation. Here we tested the potential of adding Rumex dentatus L. leaves extract to Plantago major L. for enhancing phytoremediation of carbosulfan-contaminated soil. The phytoremediation efficiency of P. major L. amended with R. dentatus L. leaves extract was significantly greater than that of P. major only and R. dentatus with respect to the removal of carbosulfan from contaminated soil. The contribution of R. dentatus leaves extract to the degradation of carbosulfan in the soil were 20.95%, 18.85%, 5.2% and 1.85% after 2, 4, 8 and 16 days of treatments, respectively. The presence of P. major amended with R. dentatus leaves extract showed significant effect on uptake of carbosulfan into roots at 2 and 4 days, the uptake ratio was about 2.39 and 1.31 times higher compared to P. major alone, respectively. Carbofuran appeared in the P. major roots amended with R. dentatus leaves extract within 2 days of treatment (5.49 mg/kg) and reached the maximum over 8 days (10.19 mg/kg), while carbofuran appeared in the P. major over 4 days of treatment (4.09 mg/kg) and reached the maximum (6.92 mg/kg) over 8 days of exposure. Carbosulfan taken up into P. major leaves reached 4.36 mg/kg over 4 days, while it reached 2.75 mg/kg in P. major leaves amended with R. dentatus leaves extract over the same time. Carbofuran translocated into the P. major leaves amended with R. dentatus leaves extract and reached the maximum over 16 days of exposure (10.43 mg/kg), followed by P. major (9.47 mg/kg) and R. dentatus leaves (9.5 mg/kg), respectively. This study indicates that R. dentatus leaves extract can improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of carbosulfan. 相似文献
15.
Leishmania major is the causative agent and Phlebotomus papatasi is the main vector of rural zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran and elsewhere. Nested PCR protocols were used to amplify a region of the ribosomal RNA amplicon of Leishmania (ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene) in female P. papatasi. In the current investigation, L. major was found in Natanz, Isfahan province in centre of Iran, in a focus of rural ZCL. Ten (1.8%) out of 549 female P. papatasi was found to be infected with L. major based on the PCR detection and sequencing of parasite ITS-rDNA.Nine (1.8%) out of 498 female P. papatasi infected with L. major came from animal shelters, inside houses and yards. And one (1.9%) out of 51 female P. papatasi infected with L. major came from gerbil borrows. Infection rates were higher for females containing red blood meals, large eggs (semi-mature and mature) than for those without either blood meals or eggs. From the 10 infections detected three different haplotypes of L. major were identified. Two haplotypes were found to be novel. The other haplotypes of L. major was found to be identical to that of isolates of L. major from Iran and in elsewhere using GenBank data. Comparisons of infection rates between habitats will be inaccurate when the proportions of blood-fed and gravid flies differ among sandfly samples. 相似文献
16.
Mauro Maciel de Arruda Fabiano Borges Figueiredo Fernanda Alvarenga Cardoso Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiamamoto Júlia Cristina Macksoud Brazuna Maria Regina Fernandes de Oliveira Elza Ferreira Noronha Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Background
American visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum. Dogs are the main reservoirs in the domestic transmission cycle. The limited accuracy of diagnostic tests for canine leishmaniasis may contribute to the lack of impact of control measures recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The objective of this study was to estimate the accuracy of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays employing L. major or L. infantum antigens and their reliability between three laboratories of different levels of complexity.Methods
A validation study of ELISA techniques using L. major or L. infantum antigens was conducted. Direct visualization of the parasite in hematoxylin/eosin-stained histopathological sections, immunohistochemistry, and isolation of the parasite in culture.were used as gold standard. An animal that was positive in at least one of the tests was defined as infected with L. infantum. Serum samples collected from 1,425 dogs were analyzed. Samples were separated in three aliquots and tested in three different laboratories. Sensitivity, specificity and the area under de ROC curve were calculated and the reliability was evaluated between the participant laboratories.Results
The sensitivity was 91.8% and 89.8% for the L. major and L. infantum assays, respectively. The specificity was 83.75% and 82.7% for the L. major and L. infantum assays, respectively. The area under de ROC curve was 0.920 and 0.898 for L. major and L. infantum, respectively. The mean intraclass correlation coefficients between laboratories ranged from 0.890 to 0.948 when L. major was used as antigen, and from 0.818 to 0.879 when L. infantum was used.Interpretation
ELISA tests using L. major or L. infantum antigens have similar accuracy and reliability. Our results do not support the substitution of the L. major antigen of the ELISA test currently used for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. 相似文献17.
Antibacterial isoeugenol coating on stainless steel and polyethylene surfaces prevents biofilm growth 下载免费PDF全文
C.K. Nielsen G. Subbiahdoss G. Zeng Z. Salmi J. Kjems T. Mygind T. Snabe R.L. Meyer 《Journal of applied microbiology》2018,124(1):179-187
Aims
Pathogenic bacteria can spread between individuals or between food items via the surfaces they share. Limiting the survival of pathogens on surfaces, therefore, presents an opportunity to limit at least one route of how pathogens spread. In this study, we propose that a simple coating with the essential oil isoeugenol can be used to circumvent the problem of bacterial transfer via surfaces.Methods and Results
Two commonly used materials, stainless steel and polyethylene, were coated by physical adsorption, and the coatings were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and water contact angle measurements. We quantified and visualized the colonization of coated and uncoated surfaces by three bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens. No viable cells were detected on surfaces coated with isoeugenol.Conclusions
The isoeugenol coating prepared with simple adsorption proved effective in preventing biofilm formation on stainless steel and polyethylene surfaces. The result was caused by the antibacterial effect of isoeugenol, as the coating did not diminish the adhesive properties of the surface.Significance and Impact of the Study
Our study demonstrates that a simple isoeugenol coating can prevent biofilm formation of S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens on two commonly used surfaces. 相似文献18.
Ferdinand Bohlmann Christa Zdero Robert M. King Harold Robinson 《Phytochemistry》1980,19(6):1141-1143
The investigation of Fitchia speciosa afforded, in addition to known compounds, three new sesquiterpene lactones, iso-β-costal, two p-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives and an isoeugenol derivative. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The chemotaxonomic situation in this complicated genus is discussed. 相似文献
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