Stratigraphie de la série tertiaire de Casamance (Sénégal)

The micropaleontological and sedimentological analysis of the cuttings and core-samples extracted from a certain number of borings conducted seaside Casamance, western Casamance and eastern Casamance (fig. 1), enabled the researches to determine Casamance stratigraphy and paleoecology during the tertiary period. The microfauna gathered (foraminifera and ostracoda) makes it possible to characterize the biozones P1 to P15/P16 followed by the biozones N1/N2 to N14, bringing into evidence the existence of Paleogene and Neogene which are separated by a gap of changeable amplitude.The sedimentological study has revealed the presence of a certein number of landmarks and lithologic mineralogical sets which seem to be constant in the studied boring.     

Recherches sur le genre Peyssonnelia (Rhodophyceae). X. Présence de Peyssonnelia codana (Rosenvinge) Denizot en Méditerranée

Abstract

Studies on the genus Peyssonnelia (Rhodophyceae). X. Presence of Peyssonnelia codana (Rosenvinge) Denizot in the Mediterranean.—Peyssonnelia codana (Rosenvinge) Denizot, previously known only from Denmark, is recorded from the vicinity of a thermal power plant outlet (Martigues-Ponteau, Gulf of Fos, France). Mediterranean specimens are described and new details about the morphology of sporangial and sexual nemathecia are given.     

Modélisation de l'impact des mollusques cultivés sur la biomasse phytoplanctonique de l'étang de Thau (France)

A model coupling a 2D transport equation and a simple model of the nitrogen cycling was developed for the Thau lagoon (France). The model took into account the wind forcing on the hydrodynamism, the effect of the temperature on the biological processes, the input of the watershed area, the light dependence of the pelagic primary production and the prédation of the phytoplankton by the cultivated filter feeders. The model ran under two steady-state situations of wind with constant temperature and light values corresponding to spring weather conditions. Simulations showed that the biological flows were very sensitive to the wind. The budget of the nitrogen flows were computed for the three areas devoted to the filter feeder cultivation and the results highlighted the impact of cultivated oysters as a source of nutrients and an important nitrogen flow through the predation of phytoplankton.     

Découverte de vertébrés aquatiques présumés paléocènes dans les Andes septentrionales de Bolivie (Rio Suches,synclinorium de Putina)

The teleost fish Brychaetus and a dyrosaurid crocodilewere recognized among the aquatic vertebrates recently discovered in the northern area of the Titicaca lake (Bolivia). These fossils allow the presumption of a Paleocene age for the vertebrate bearing formation. The structural interpretation of this chronological data is discussed.     

Les sexués de remplacement chez les Termites supérieurs (Termitidae)

Sans résumé     

Répartition de la carcinine (β-alanylhistamine) chez les crustacés décapodes

Carcinine (β-alanylhistamine) is present in ail Portunidae, whether they belong to the subfamilies Portuninae, Polybiinae or Carcininae. Portunidae are thus an homogenous group regarding this biochemical character. The compound is also present in Atelecyclidae making them akin to Portunidae. It is absent in all other Crustacea Brachyura which were analysed, as well as in Macrura and Anomura.     

Sexualisation de la gonade deViviparus viviparus L. (mollusque gastéropode prosobranche à sexes séparés)

Résumé La sexualisation de la gonade chezViviparus viviparus se manifeste d'abord au niveau morphologique: tandis que l'ovaire s'organise en un tubule très peu ramifié, à large lumière, le testicule compact bourgeonne de nombreuses excroissances. Dans l'ovaire les cellules non germinales, futures cellules folliculeuses, se mettent en place autour des cellules germinales et les processus de la préméiose débutent précocement. Au contraire plusieurs étapes se succèdent au cours de la morphogenèse de la gonade mâle: après une phase d'intense multiplication cellulaire, accompagnée de la ramification du testicule, la lumière se creuse par dégénérescence des cellules centrales. Contre la lame basale, les cellules non germinales évoluent en cellules nourricières tandis que se différencient les spermatogonies primaires. La différenciation des premiers gamètes mâles est tardive.     

Illustrations pratiques – Produits de contraste iodés (PCI)

Iodinated Contrast Agent (ICA) may be used in nuclear medicine for level 3 and 4 CT level. The use of ICA in SPECT/CT or PET/CT is driven, for each patient, by the clinical context, the benefit/risk ratio and the availability and the date of the previous injected CT. The improvement in diagnostic performance of the exam is the main goal of the ICA injection during a hybrid NM procedure.     

Les Pachyerymnoceras (Pachyceratidés,Périsphinctacés,Ammonites) du Callovien moyen et supérieur de la région de Saida (Algérie occidentale). Origine phylétique et biogéographie des Pachyceratidés

The genus Pachyerymnoceras, with four new species,is described for the first time in Western Algeria. The genus first appears in the Middle Callovia (Coronatum Zone) as in Saudi Arabia. It is represented in the Saida region by uncommon P. praecox nov. sp. followed during the Upper Callovian (Athleta Zone) by specimens belonging to P. flamandi sp. nov., P. kmerense nov. sp. and P. saidense nov. sp. Every species is represented by a dimorphic pair.Pachyceratidae are put into Perisphinctaceae. If Pachyerymnoceras arises from Erymnoceras, a genus suddenly appearing during the Middle Callovian on northern and southern Tethyan borders, the origin of Erymnoceras is still unknown. Three phylogenetic hypothesis are considered here. Erymnoceras may have evolved during Lower Callovian: 1) from serpenticonic Tethyan Pseudoperisphinctinae like Choffatia (Subgrossouvria); 2) from Tulitids via ellipticoncic Bullatimorphites (Kheraiceras); 3) through a double lineage arisen in Subboreal and Tethyan platyconic Proplanulitids.Pachyceratids have a wide paleobiogeographic distribution in NW Europe and on the Tethyan margins. The genus Pachyerymnoceras evolves in Ethiopian Province of the Tethyan Realm. Some species migrate into Indo-Malagasian Province and others, through the south Tethyan border came to Europe were they are found restricted to Upper Callovian (Athleta and Lamberti Zones). Therefore this migration has a duration of two or even three zones.     

Caractérisation des peuplements de macroinvertébrés benthiques à l’aide de la carte auto-organisatrice (SOM)

Macrobenthic organisms are much used nowadays as bio-indicators for their ability to reflect different disturbances of aquatic ecosystems. However, they have never been used to assess the ecological status of the lagoons of Benin. The current study aims at revealing the ecological state of the lagoon of Porto-Novo through the study of changes in the settlement of benthic organisms collected in this lagoon. The sampling was carried out from July 2007 to June 2009 on a frequency of four seasons of collection per year. The self-organizing map (SOM) of Kohonen has been used for various patterns of distribution of collected organisms. A discriminant analysis (AFD) has allowed the identification of the parameters that govern the patterns observed in this environment. Four groups of macrobenthic communities emerged that were well predicted (75%). The distribution of benthic macro invertebrates of this lagoon is therefore zonal, seasonal and discriminated by variables of mineralization and sediment grain size. The difference in taxonomic richness corresponds to environmental conditions of stations appearing more or less stable and highlighting a gradient of the stress on organisms. Places with unstable conditions are affected by human activities due to their proximity to homes that are enriched in organic matter. These places are full of polluted-tolerant species such as the Gastropods Potamididae, Cirratulidae Polychaetes, Diptera Chironomidae and Oligochaeta. The macrobenthic fauna, which is well differentiated in the groups, is then subjected to human disturbance.     

Activités Polyphénoloxydasique et Peroxydasique du Fruit de la Tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) Purification et Quelques Propriétés

During isolation and purification of tomato polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase, a peroxidase activity tightly bound to the polyphenoloxidase was found at all steps of the process of purification. From these results and from the values obtained for optimum pH (6.6), isoelectric point (pH=4.0) and electrophoretic pattern of these activities, the occurence of only one enzyme is suggested. This enzyme is probably, a peroxidase able to oxidise phenolic substrates with oxygen as second substrate, as indicated by the value obtained for molecular weight (45,000±5,000).     

Etude histochimique comparée des mucopolysaccharides des organes récepteurs de type ampullaire de certains poissons électriques à faible décharge: Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridés), Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidés) et Gymnarchus niloticus (Gymnarchidés)

Résumé Des substances muqueuses ont été examinées par des méthodes histochimiques au niveau des organes récepteurs cutanés de type ampullaire (organe de type A, Szabo, 1965) faisant partie du système de la ligne latérale des poissons électriques à faible décharge Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridés), Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidés) et Gymnarchus niloticus (Gymnarchidés).Les réactions à l'acide périodique Schiff (P.A.S.) et au bleu de toluidine en solution tampon montrent que les polysaccharides de tous ces organes possèdent des groupements vic-glycols responsables de la positivité au P.A.S.On trouve des mucopolysaccharides neutres au niveau de chaque organe ampullaire. Le cytoplasme des cellules sensorielles de l'organe ampullaire du Gymnotus carapo et lui seul contient du Glycogène. En dehors des mucopolysaccharides neutres, on observe des mucopolysaccharides acides notamment dans le canal épidermique de l'organe de type A de Gymnarchus niloticus et au contact de la région apicale des cellules sensorielles de l'organe de Gnathonemus petersii. Ces derniers sont métachromatiques, leur métachromasie étant dûe à un radical acide carboxylé.

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Comparative histochemical study of mucopolysaccharids in the ampullary sense organs of weakly electric fish: Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae), Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidae) and Gymnarchus niloticus (Gymnarchidae)

Summary The mucoides substances of lateral line receptors of ampullary type have been examined in the weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae), Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidae), Gymnarchus niloticus (Gymnarchidae), by different histochemical methods. Periodic acid Schiff reaction (P.A.S.) and puffered Toluidine Blue tain show, that the polysaccharid of all these three organs contain a vic-glycol groupe, responsible for the positive P.A.S. reaction.Neutral polysaccharids were found at the level of all ampullary type of organ. Only the cytoplasm of the sensory cells in Gymnotus carapo contains glycogen.Acid mucopolysaccharids were observed in the epidermal canal (extracellularly) of Gymnarchus niloticus and also in the close neighbourghood of the sensory cells in Gnathonemus. These acid mucopolysaccharids are metachromatic because of their acid carboxylic radicle.

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Ce travail a été réalisé grâce au Contrat n 659-594, accordé au Dr. T. Szabo par la Direction de Recherches et Moyens d'Essais (D.R.M.E.).     

Activité cytokinine de dérivés acylés,alkylés,acyl-alkylés de l'adénine et d'isost`eres azotés de la γ,γ-diméthylallyladénine

The cytokinin activities of various 6-acylaminopurines, 6-alkylaminopurines, 6-acylamino-9-benzyl-purines as well as a series of isosteric-nitrogen derivatives of N⁶-(γ, γ-dimethylallyl)adenine (I⁶Ade) have been tested using the tobacco pith and the pea bud bioassays. The interactions between active, slightly active and inactive compounds have been studied with the last assay. Acylation decreases the biological activity; e.g., N⁶-benzoyl and N⁶-furoyladenines are less active than Na⁶-benzyladenine and kinetin. Substitution at the 9-position reduces (tobacco-pith assay) or suppresses (pea-bud assay) the phytohormonal activity of otherwise active 6-acylaminopurines. In isosteric derivatives, maximum activity occurs when the side chain has the same length as in 1⁶Ade. After the analysis of interactions between more or less active compounds, it is suggested that the differences in cytokinin activity could be related to unequal affinities for a hypothetical receptor site.     

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) pour les syndromes de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) sévères Point de vue de l’anesthésiste réanimateur

Many problems concerning the work of anaesthesist and intensivist are evocated during the management of ECMO: indication, optimisation of artificial ventilation during ECMO, transportation of the patient and complications.The criteria of indication are now best known, but the vascular access (veino-venous or arterio-venous) are discussed depending of cardiac echographic evaluation but also splanchnic consequences. Artificial ventilation modalities are not completly validated and probably need a better individual exploration at bed.     

La paléoflore autuno-stéphanienne de la région de Demnate(Est de Marrakech-Maroc)

The paleoflora described and pictured in this paper has been collected in two deposits of the area of Demnate: the OT6 bis drilling in the oriental Haouz and an exposure in the Rhojdamas (High-Atlas). Two completely different associations have been characterized: one hygrophilous and autochtonous of the «Stephanian type and the other mesoxerophilous and allochtonous (vegetation of the upland?) of the «Autunian type. In the OT6 bis drilling, the two floras alternate so that it is impossible to draw a precise boundary between the Stephanian and Autunian. In the Rhojdamas, only the Autunian flora has been identified. Such a combination of the two floras has similarly been recorded in several stephanian basins of the French Massif Central.     

Sur le genre Passalurus (Oxyuridae: Nematoda) parasite de Leporidés

Résumé Etude morphologique du genre Passalurus Dujardin, 1845. Passalurus comprend deux espèces: P. ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819) et P. nonanulatus Skinker, 1931. P. assimilis Wu, 1933 chez Lepus sinensis (Chine) est synonyme de P. nonanulatus. P. abditus Caballero, 1937 chez un Otospermophilus mexicain est retiré du genre et devient Citellina abdita n. comb.Le genre Passalurus est spécifique d'un groupe de Lagomorphes, les Léporidés, dans toute leur aire de répartition; il possède des caractères primitifs qui témoignent d'une parenté avec certains Oxyuridae de Rongeurs et des caractères très spécialisés qui prouvent une adaptation étroite et sans doute ancienne à ses hôtes. ac]19820914