Con．A-Sepharose亲和吸附剂的制备及其纯化某些蛋白质的性能

伴刀豆球蛋白A (Con.A) 与溴化氰活化的琼脂糖(Sepharose)偶联制成的Con.A-Sepharose亲和吸附剂具有纯化某些糖蛋白一类物质的性能。因此,人血清中的胰蛋白酶抑制剂,碱性磷酸酯酶,小牛脾磷酸二酯酶,不同变种的甲胎球蛋白和某些激素如绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG),促黄体激素(LH)等物质都可用它纯化。此法操作简单、样品回收率较高,故它已成为纯化上述一类物质的有效工具。我们参考Steven的方法,用自己制备的     

激素在细胞内的作用机理(续)

(二)类固醇激素作用原理 (作用于细胞核的激素) 1.甾体激素的受体细胞对甾体激素的反应依赖于被称作受体(receptor)的蛋白质分子的存在。由激素和受体形成的复合物作用于细胞的基因物质。由内分泌器官所分泌的激素可以影响远距离的无明显关系的组织的细胞,在这些起调节     

植物生长物质的应用

一、植物生长物质的概念 生长物质的分类 植物生长物质是指能够调节和控制植物生长发育的一类化学物质。可分为植物自身合成的内源激素和人工合成的生长调节剂。前者包括生长素类(IAA)、赤霉素类(GA)、细胞分裂素类(CTK)、脱落酸     

生长抑素的生物合成

1968年Krulin等观察到大鼠下丘脑含有抑制生长激素(GH)释放的物质;1973年Braz-eau等确定其是含14个氨基酸的多肽,定名为GH释放抑制激素或生长抑素(SS)。在脊椎动物SS选择性地分布于全身的细胞内,脑、胃肠和胰腺内含量最高,占25%、70%和5%。SS抑制腺垂体分泌GH、促甲状腺素等,可能也抑制神经垂体激素的释放、抑     

高等植物醇脱氢酶及其基因家族研究进展

醇脱氢酶属于高等植物中普遍存在的一个锌结合脱氢/还原蛋白超家族,根据作用底物不同,将高等植物中的醇脱氢酶分为3个家族:乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase,CAD)、甲醛脱氢酶(formaldehyde dehydrogenase,FDH)。3个家族均不同程度地响应植物逆境胁迫,不仅受低氧胁迫等逆境的诱导,也受ABA等激素的调控。CAD催化木质素合成,参与构建植物防御体系。ADH在植物香气物质合成中发挥作用,受乙烯等激素调控,选择性地进行短的直链醇和醛之间的相互转化,催化香气物质前体的合成。本文综述了醇脱氢酶家族在高等植物中对逆境的响应、木质素和香气物质合成方面的研究概况,以期为醇脱氢酶的深入研究提供参考。     

内源性鸦片样物质与心血管活动

内源性鸦片样物质(endogenous opiate like substances)包括甲啡肽、亮啡肽、β-内啡肽、γ-内啡肽、α-内啡肽等多种。它们是体内存在的一类具有鸦片样活性的物质,在体内起着神经介质或激素的作用。内源性鸦片样物质不仅在痛觉调制机制中具有重要作用,而且对体内激素分泌、体温调节、消化活动、睡眠、精神、运动等生理功能亦都有一定的影响。     

植源性昆虫生长调节剂

昆虫中存在一类含量少而生理作用极为显著的活性物质,其中包括昆虫激素、昆虫信息素和昆虫毒素等。昆虫激素又称变态激素,一般包括脑激素、保幼激素和蜕皮激素等。昆虫的胚胎后发育与成熟过程是受体内这些激素控制的。若破坏激素系统的平衡,如外加过量的这种激素或对抗这种激素的物质,就会阻碍昆虫的正常生长、分化和变态的程     

植物内源茉莉酸类物质的生物合成途径及其生物学意义

茉莉酸类物质(JAs)是新确认的一类广泛存在于植物体内的内源激素, 在植物的生长发育、应激反应和次生代谢过程中起着重要的调控作用。该文主要概述了植物中茉莉酸类物质的生物合成途径、各关键酶的生理作用及其在植物次生代谢工程等方面的研究进展, 并探讨了茉莉酸类物质的潜在应用价值。     

棘尾虫类神经肽的免疫细胞化学研究

用光镜、电镜免疫组织化学方法,在原生动物棘尾虫(Stylonychia mytilus)体内发现多种哺乳动物神经肽、肽激素和酪氨酸羟化酶免疫阳性物质:类P 物质(SP-Like),类神经肽Y(NPY-Like),类胆囊收缩素(CCK-8-Like),类生长抑素(SOM-Ljke),类β-内啡肽(β-end-orphin-Ljke),类促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH-Like)和类酪氨酸羟化酶(TH-Like)。免疫细胞化学实验显示了这些肽类免疫阳性物质的分布。     

植物耐热性增强的信号感知和传递机制

文章就细胞质膜流动性、抗氧化系统、钙-钙调素和肌醇磷脂等第二信使系统的启动和激素信号物质(水杨酸和脱落酸)对高温逆境的响应,尤其是细胞信号传感器——磷脂酶C参与植物耐热性增强的作用机制研究进展作了介绍.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.