沉水植物生长和腐解对富营养化水体氮磷的影响机制研究进展

沉水植物作为湖泊、河流等生态系统的主要高等植物, 在修复富营养化水体中的作用日益受到重视, 合理利用沉水植物是去除富营养化水体氮磷的有效途径。沉水植物对水体氮磷的迁移转化影响包括生长和腐解两个阶段。文章综述了沉水植物生长对富营养化水体氮、磷的净化效果和净化机制, 分析了沉水植物腐解对氮、磷迁移转化的持续影响, 并提出了今后沉水植物净化氮、磷的研究方向, 为沉水植物推广应用于修复富营养化水体提供理论基础。     

穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)在不同程度富营养化水体中的营养积累特点及营养分配对策

通过对栽培于3个不同程度的富营养化水体(富营养化程度为水体1<水体2<水体3)中的穗花狐尾藻(MyriophyllumspicatumL.)进行研究,测定了不同时期植物体各个器官的氮磷含量及生物量分配,探讨了富营养化水对其营养积累及分配格局的影响。结果表明,重度富营养化的水体3中穗花狐尾藻组织中的氮含量显著高于其它两个水体;而由于水体1和水体2的氨态氮含量无显著差异,植物组织中的氮含量在水体1和水体2间无显著差异。富营养化程度高的水体2中植物磷的含量显著低于富营养化程度低的水体1中的植物,但在重度富营养化的水体3中,叶子的磷含量却远高于其它两个水体,这是由植物不同部位吸收的磷在各器官间分配不同所造成的。由于底泥的营养含量丰富,在3个不同程度的富营养化水体中,穗花狐尾藻的根冠比并未表现出明显差异。     

穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)在不同程度富营养化水体中的营养积累特点及营养分配对策

通过对栽培于3个不同程度的富营养化水体(富营养化程度为水体1<水体2<水体3)中的穗花狐尾藻(MyriophyllumspicatumL.)进行研究,测定了不同时期植物体各个器官的氮磷含量及生物量分配,探讨了富营养化水对其营养积累及分配格局的影响。结果表明,重度富营养化的水体3中穗花狐尾藻组织中的氮含量显著高于其它两个水体;而由于水体1和水体2的氨态氮含量无显著差异,植物组织中的氮含量在水体1和水体2间无显著差异。富营养化程度高的水体2中植物磷的含量显著低于富营养化程度低的水体1中的植物,但在重度富营养化的水体3中,叶子的磷含量却远高于其它两个水体,这是由植物不同部位吸收的磷在各器官间分配不同所造成的。由于底泥的营养含量丰富,在3个不同程度的富营养化水体中,穗花狐尾藻的根冠比并未表现出明显差异。     

香根草对富营养化水体净化效果研究

采用浮床种植香根草技术研究丁香根草对富营养化水体的净化能力．结果表明,香根草对富营养化水体中的氮、磷、COPD、BOD等具有明显的去除效果,能显著改善富营养化水体的水质．研究结果为发展利用陆生植物治理富营养化水域提供了新的途径．     

富营养化水体对水芹抗氧化系统和营养品质的影响

该试验以水芹(Oenanthe javanica DC.)为材料,通过浮床栽培技术,研究水芹的营养品质和抗氧化系统在富营养化水体中的变化,以明确富营养化水体对水芹生长和营养品质的影响,探讨利用水芹进行富营养化水体生态修复的可行性。结果表明:(1)在富营养化水体中生长30d后,水芹全株鲜重增长4.18~7.00倍,且在高浓度富营养化水体中生长的水芹生物量与正常栽培条件下无显著差异,可以在富营养化水体中正常生长。(2)在富营养化水体中,水芹体内SOD和POD活性均保持较高水平,MDA含量和电解质渗透率均维持在较低水平,表现出很强的抗氧化能力和对富营养化水体的适应性,避免了膜脂过氧化伤害。(3)在富营养化水体中,水芹Vc含量显著高于对照,可溶性糖含量与对照无差异,且亚硝酸盐含量远低于国家标准,其在该试验环境下营养品质较好,符合国家允许的食用标准。研究发现,水芹对富营养化水体具有较好的适应性,可以在富营养化水体中正常生长,且营养品质未受影响,能安全食用,可用于富营养化水体的生态修复。     

植物修复法在富营养化污染中的应用

本文从中国的湖泊富营养化污染为着眼点,重点论述了植物修复法在富营养化污染中的应用、机制和影响因素。最后对富营养化的研究进展做了展望,希望对控制内陆水体富营养化做出贡献。     

水体的富营养化及其治理对策

富营养化是当前水体面临的主要问题,本文着重阐述了水体富营养化对水质、水生生物、人类及自然环境的影响,分析富营养化的现象及其成因,并提出了内源控制及防治,外源控制及治理等相关对策。     

广西石祥河水库水体富营养化评价及分析

2010年7月对石祥河水库水体中的氮、磷及浮游生物等进行了调查和分析。数据显示: 石祥河水库水体已中度富营养化, 属于劣Ⅴ类水质, 主要成分分析显示对水体富营养化影响较大的水化因子首先是氮, 其次是磷。氮的富营养化评价指数徘徊于56-83, 磷的富营养化评价指数徘徊于32-66。石祥河水库的浮游生物小型化十分明显; 浮游植物的Sannon-Weiner指数徘徊于1.09-1.42, Pielou指数徘徊于0.28-0.37, Simpson,s指数徘徊于0.41-0.51, McNaughton指数徘徊于0.94-0.85, Margalef指数徘徊于2.56-2.99。并提出了减缓水库富营养化进程、防治其进一步加剧的相关措施。     

人工湿地脱除富营养化水体氮磷的研究进展

水体中氮磷营养物质不断积累,部分藻类及水生生物的过度繁殖,导致了水体的富营养化。水体富营养化防治的关键是减小水中氮、磷的含量。人工湿地是一项新型的废水处理技术,近年来在脱除富营养化水体氮磷中获得广泛研究和应用。本文在简述脱氮除磷机理的基础上,较系统地阐述了影响人工湿地脱除氮磷的因素及工艺的在改善水体富营养化的研究进展,以便在构建人工湿地中对各项因素综合考虑及兼顾利用,提高人工湿地修复富营养化水体的综合效能。     

4种水生植物对富营养化水体氮磷去除效果的研究

以灯心草、水田芥、菹草和轮藻为试验对象,研究了其在两种不同程度富营养化水体中的生长状况及对水体中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)和化学耗氧量(COD)的净化效果。结果表明,在轻度富营养化水体中水田芥效果最好,培养20 d后的水田芥对总氮、总磷、氨氮和化学耗氧量的吸收率分别为75.28%、93.00%、76.35%和83.74%,其它3种水生植物对水体也都有较好的净化效果;在重度富营养化水体中灯心草效果最好,培养20天后的灯心草对总氮、总磷、氨氮和化学耗氧量的吸收率分别为89.30%、83.11%、83.41%和78.56%,但水田芥和轮藻的净化效果相对较差。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.