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1.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS1 proteins generated using DNA vaccines
and recombinant viruses have been demonstrated to induce protection in mice against a challenge of JEV at a lethal dose. The
West Nile virus NS1 region expressed in E. coli is recognized by these protective monoclonal antibodies and, in this study, we compare immunogenicity and protective immunity
of the E. coli-synthesized NS1 protein with another protective immunogen, the envelope domain III (ED3). Pre-challenge, detectable titers
of JEV-specific neutralizing antibody were detected in the immunized mice with E. coli-synthesized ED3 protein (PRNT50 = 1:28) and the attenuated JEV strain T1P1 (PRNT50 = 1:53), but neutralizing antibodies were
undetectable in the immunized mice with E. coli-synthesized NS1 protein (PRNT50 < 1:10). However, the survival rate of the NS1-immunized mice against the JEV challenge was
87.5% (7/8), showing significantly higher levels of protection than the ED3-immunized mice, 62.5% (5/8) (P = 0.041). In addition, E. coli-synthesized NS1 protein induced a significant increase of anti-NS1 IgG1 antibodies, resulting in an ELISA titer of 100,1000
in the immunized sera before lethal JEV challenge. Surviving mice challenged with the virulent JEV strain Beijing-1 showed
a ten-fold or greater rise in IgG1 and IgG2b titers of anti-NS1 antibodies, implying that the Th2 cell activation might be
predominantly responsible for antibody responses and mice protection. 相似文献
2.
Zhen Liu Zhe Chen Jian Hong Xuefeng Wang Changyong Zhou Xueping Zhou Jianxiang Wu 《中国病毒学》2016,31(4):324-330
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most economically important citrus viruses and harms the citrus industry worldwide. To develop reliable and effective serological detection assays of CTV, the major capsid protein (CP) gene of CTV was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using the expression vector pET-28a and purified through Ni+-NTA affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Four hybridoma cell lines (14B10, 14H11, 20D5, and 20G12) secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against CTV were obtained through conventional hybridoma technology. The titers of MAb-containing ascitic fluids secreted by the four hybridoma lines ranged from 10-6 to 10-7 in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blots showed that all four MAbs could specifically react with CTV CP. Using the prepared MAbs, dot-ELISA, Tissue print-ELISA, and triple antibody sandwich (TAS)-ELISA were developed to detect CTV in tree nurseries and epidemiological studies. The developed dot-ELISA and TAS-ELISA methods could detect CTV in crude extracts of infected citrus leaves with dilutions of 1:2560 and 1:10, 240 (w/v, g/mL), respectively. Tissue print-ELISA was particularly useful for large-scale field sample detection, mainly owing to its simplicity and lack of sample preparation requirements. The field survey revealed that CTV is prevalent on citrus trees in the Chongqing Municipality, Jiangxi Province, and Zhejiang Province of China. The coincidence rate of serological and RT-PCR test results reached more than 99.5%. The prepared MAbs against CTV and established sensitive and specific serological assays have a significant role in the detection and prevention and control of CTV in our country. 相似文献
3.
Antibodies specific to the cell surface antigens of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have multiple useful applications, e.g. organism detection, immunoconcentration, and cell visualization. The aim of
this study was to produce and compare polyclonal antibodies for such research and diagnostic purposes. Three polyclonal antibodies
to MAP were produced using sera from immunized rabbits and chickens plus naturally infected cows. Cross-reactive antibodies
in each MAP antibody preparation were removed by absorption with heterologous mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial cells. The
specificity of each resulting polyclonal antibody preparation was evaluated by ELISA to multiple bacterial cell wall extract
antigens. After absorption, chicken anti-MAP IgY had the highest specificity of the three antibody preparations. FITC-la-beled
anti-MAP IgY was used to effectively locate MAP in macrophages 12 h post-infection. Also, immunomagnetic beads coated with
anti-MAP IgY enhanced recovery of MAP from bacterial suspensions in comparison with non-antibody coated beads. Anti-MAP IgY
provides a novel new reagent with broad diagnostic and research applications requiring specific concentration, detection,
and quantification of MAP. 相似文献
4.
Mingjia Yang Xiangming Xie Caixia Zheng Fangqiu Zhang Xiaoqing He Zhiru Li 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,95(2):141-147
A protocol was developed for Agroacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Acacia crassicarpa via organogenesis by using in vitro phyllode (leaf) as the explant. Phyllode (leaf) explants were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring binary vector pBI101 (harboring antisense Pt4CL1 with respect to the Pt4CL1P promoter). The selection for transgenic shoots was performed through two consecutive steps on
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators and antibiotics in the
following order: 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.5 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 300 mg/l carbenicillin (Car) and 20 mg/l
kanamycin (Km) for 10 days; 0.1 mg/l TDZ, 200 mg/l Car and 20 mg/l Km for 60 days; 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 100 mg/l
Car and 20 mg/l Km 50 days. 21.7% of nodules produced multiple adventitious shoot buds, of which 27.7% survived in initial
selection. The shoot buds were subjected to repeated selection on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l TDZ, 200 mg/l Car and
20 mg/l Km for 60 days. Transgenic plants were obtained after rooting on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l
IBA, 100 mg/l Car 20 mg/l Km 50 days. Genomic PCR analysis confirmed the incorporation of the antisense Pt4CL1 with respect to the Pt4CL1P promoter fragment into the host genome. 相似文献
5.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against lipooligosaccharide (LOS) determinants after immunization of BALB/c mice with heat inactivated
Moraxella catarrhalis serotype A were generated. MAb 219A9 was specific for a common epitope of A, B, and C M. catarrhalis serotypes in ELISA and immunofluorescent test (IFT). In both tests it also cross-reacted with whole bacteria and LPS antigens
isolated from non-typeable H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae strains. IgM antibody clone 219A9 possessed a strong bactericidal effect against the three serotypes in the presence of complement.
Our results demonstrate that antibodies directed to a single LOS epitope common for A, B, and C serotype could be highly protective.
This suggests that the common determinants are very promising in the development of LOS-based vaccine against M. catarrhalis. The cross-reactions of MAb 219A9 with Haemophilus spp. also show that immunization could result in immune response to epitopes conserved in other important respiratory pathogens. 相似文献
6.
The levels of anti-Candida antibodies were determined in experimental animals immunized with 4 different yeast doses (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 x 10(8) CFU) at weekly intervals. After immunization (sampling intervals 1, 2, and 3 months), the intravenous blood was examined for the presence of serum anti-Candida antibodies. After one month, the titers of anti-Candida antibodies reached 1:40-1: 1280 and remained at the same level after two months in the majority of animals; only in a few of them the titers increased or were detected de novo. After three months, when the animals were no longer immunized, a decreasing trend in antibody titers was detected in the majority of animals. 相似文献
7.
Recently, the prenyltransferase SirD was found to be responsible for the O-prenylation of tyrosine in the biosynthesis of sirodesmin PL in Leptosphaeria maculans. In this study, the behavior of SirD towards phenylalanine/tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives was investigated. Product
formation has been observed with 12 of 19 phenylalanine/tyrosine derivatives. It was shown that the alanine structure attached
to the benzene ring and an electron donor, e.g., OH or NH2, at its para-position are essential for the enzyme activity. Modifications were possible both at the side chain and the benzene ring.
Enzyme products from seven phenylalanine/tyrosine derivatives were isolated and characterized by MS and NMR analyses including
HSQC and HMBC and proven to be O- or N-prenylated derivatives at position C4 of the benzene rings. K
M
values of six selected derivatives were found in the range of 0.10–0.68 mM. Catalytic efficiencies (K
cat/K
M
) were determined in the range of 430–1,110 s−1·M−1 with l-tyrosine as the best substrate. In addition, 7 of 14 tested tryptophan analogs were also accepted by SirD and converted to
C7-prenylated derivatives, which was confirmed by comparison with products obtained from enzyme assays using a 7-dimethylallyltryptophan
synthase 7-DMATS from Aspergillus fumigatus. 相似文献
8.
Fernanda C. Reis Danielle J. Madureira Renato Vicentini Camila Carlos Lúcio F. C. Ferraz Oswaldo GarciaJr Laura M. M. Ottoboni 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(11):2061-2068
Gene expression in response to the copper sulfide, covellite (CuS), in Acidithiobacillus
ferrooxidans LR was investigated by using RNA arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR). Seven genes that encode for proteins
involved with transport and binding were up-regulated in the presence of CuS. The differential expression of the seven genes
was confirmed by real-time PCR. An atomic absorption analysis of the covellite samples showed that the quantity of copper(II)
ions in solution changed from zero to approximately 1.11 g/l after 24 h, and the pH changed from 1.8 to 4.0, suggesting that
the copper ions in solution and the pH alteration may be responsible, at least in part, for the up-regulation of the transporter
genes in the presence of covellite. An in silico protein–protein interaction analysis of the proteins encoded by the seven
transporter protein genes, as well as of proteins encoded by genes of the same functional category that are adjacent to the
seven genes identified by RAP-PCR, showed that besides the correlated function, the transporter proteins may act in different
steps of the bacterial response to covellite. 相似文献
9.
Anna Malandra Maria Cantarella Ondřej Kaplan Vojtěch Vejvoda Bronislava Uhnáková Barbora Štěpánková David Kubáč Ludmila Martínková 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,85(2):277-284
The operational stabilities of nitrilases from Aspergillus niger K10 and Fusarium solani O1 were examined with 4-cyanopyridine as the substrate in continuous-stirred membrane reactors (CSMRs). The former enzyme
was fairly stable at 30 °C with a deactivation constant (k
d) and enzyme half-life of 0.014 h−1 and 50 h, respectively, but the latter exhibited an even higher stability characterized by k
d = 0.008 h−1 and half-life of 87 h at 40 °C. Another advantage of this enzyme was its high chemoselectivity, i.e., selective transformation
of nitriles into carboxylic acids, while the amide formed a high ratio of A. niger K10 nitrilase product. High conversion rates (>90%) were maintained for about 52 h using the nitrilase from F. solani O1 immobilized in cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). The purity of isonicotinic acid was increased from 98% to >99.9%
by using two CSMRs connected in series, the first one containing the F. solani O1 nitrilase and the second the amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis A4 (both enzymes as CLEAs), the amidase hydrolyzing the by-product isonicotinamide. 相似文献
10.
Copper is an integral part of a number of proteins and thus an essential trace metal. However, free copper ions can be highly
toxic and every organism has to carefully control its bioavailability. Eukaryotes contain three copper chaperones; Atx1p/Atox1
which delivers copper to ATP7 transporters located in the trans-Golgi network, Cox17 which provides copper to the mitochondrial
cytochrome c oxidase, and CCS which is a copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1. Here we describe the knockout phenotype
of the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Atox1 (ATX1 in yeast). Atox1−/− flies develop normally, though at reduced numbers, and the eclosing flies are fertile. However, the mutants are unable to
develop on low-copper food. Furthermore, the intestinal copper importer Ctr1B, which is regulated by copper demand, fails
to be induced upon copper starvation in Atox1−/− larvae. At the same time, intestinal metallothionein is upregulated. This phenotype, which resembles the one of the ATP7 mutant, is best explained by intestinal copper accumulation, combined with insufficient delivery to the rest of the body.
In addition, compared to controls, Drosophila Atox1 mutants are relatively insensitive to the anticancer drug cisplatin, a compound which is also imported via Ctr1 copper transporters
and was recently found to bind mammalian Atox1. 相似文献
11.
Tao Kong Xue-Qin Hao Xiao-Bing Li Guo-Wen Liu Zhi-Gang Zhang Zhi-Jun Yang Zhe Wang Jia Tang Wei Yang Jia Sun 《Biological trace element research》2013,152(1):117-124
The detection of cadmium ions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) has been reported by several research groups. Because cadmium ions are too small to stimulate the immune system, high molecular weight immunogens of cadmium are constructed using bifunctional chelators. At present, the most commonly used bifunctional chelator for the preparation of antigens for heavy metal ions is 1-(4-isothiocyanobenzyl) ethylenediamine N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (ITCBE). However, the price of ITCBE is high. So we are interested in a cheaper bifunctional chelator, 1-(4-aminobenzyl) ethylenediamine N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (aminobenzyl-EDTA). Here, cadmium ions were conjugated to carrier proteins using aminobenzyl-EDTA to make artificial antigens. Then, several mice were immunized with the antigen. And monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against cadmium were produced. Spleen cells of immunized mice were fused with myeloma cells. The resulting hybridomas were screened using protein conjugates which were covalently bound to metal-free EDTA or cadmium. Three hybridoma cell lines (A3, E4 and B5) that produced MAbs with high selectivity and sensitivity were expanded for further study. Cross-reactivities with other metals were below 1 %. These antibodies were used to construct competitive ELISAs. The IC50 for A3 was 8.4 μg/l. The detection range and the lowest detection limit using the antibody A3 was 0.394–64.39 and 0.051 μg/l, respectively. Spike–recovery studies in tap water showed that the antibody A3 could be used for cadmium detection in drinking water. 相似文献
12.
Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel var. minus isolate produced unusual for F. sambucinum Fuckel trichothecene metabolite 4,15-diacetylnivalenol (9 mg/l) in conditions of deep cultivation on Myro medium. This compound
was identified by TLC, GLC, HPLC, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Other trichothecenes, 4-acetylnivalenol (3 mg/l) and nivalenol (1 mg/l), were also found in the culture.
The observed feature of the studied isolate is assumed to be due to the presence of an additional gene, which encodes cytochrome
P450 oxygenase responsible for the introduction of keto group at C-8 and hydroxyl group at C-7 of the trichothecene structure. 相似文献
13.
Growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in a 10 l bioreactor with 50 g sucrose/l and 10 g casein hydrolysate/l gave 5–6 g hyaluronic acid/l after 24–28 h. Purification
of hyaluronic acid gave a recovery of 65% with the final material having an Mr of ∼4 × 106 Da with less than 0.1% protein. 相似文献
14.
Two repeated DNA sequences isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of Helianthus annuus, p HaS13 and p HaS211, were shown to represent portions of the int gene of a Ty3 /gypsy retroelement and of the RNase-Hgene of a Ty1 /copia retroelement, respectively. Southern blotting patterns obtained by hybridizing the two probes to BglII- or DraI-digested genomic DNA from different Helianthus species showed p HaS13 and p HaS211 were parts of dispersed repeats at least 8 and 7 kb in length, respectively, that were conserved in all species studied. Comparable hybridization patterns were obtained in all species with p HaS13. By contrast, the patterns obtained by hybridizing p HaS211 clearly differentiated annual species from perennials. The frequencies of p HaS13- and p HaS211-related sequences in different species were 4.3x10(4)-1.3x10(5) copies and 9.9x10(2)-8.1x10(3) copies per picogram of DNA, respectively. The frequency of p HaS13-related sequences varied widely within annual species, while no significant difference was observed among perennial species. Conversely, the frequency variation of p HaS211-related sequences was as large within annual species as within perennials. Sequences of both families were found to be dispersed along the length of all chromosomes in all species studied. However, Ty3 /gypsy-like sequences were localized preferentially at the centromeric regions, whereas Ty1/ copia-like sequences were less represented or absent around the centromeres and plentiful at the chromosome ends. These findings suggest that the two sequence families played a role in Helianthusgenome evolution and species divergence, evolved independently in the same genomic backgrounds and in annual or perennial species, and acquired different possible functions in the host genomes. 相似文献
15.
Surface inoculation dose–response and time–response bioassays and detached fruit bioassays were conducted with a novel South
African isolate of the Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV-SA) against Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) neonate larvae. LC50 and LC90 values were estimated to be 4.095 × 103 and 1.185 × 105 OBs ml−1, respectively. LT50 and LT90 values were estimated to be 4 days 22 h and 7 days 8 h, respectively, categorising the virus as a fast or type 2 granulovirus.
There was a conspicuous difference in behaviour between larvae on inoculated diet and untreated diet, resulting in a significant
reduction in penetration of diet. Bioassays on detached Navel oranges revealed LC50 and LC90 values of 9.310 × 107 and 1.515 × 109 OBs ml−1, when using data on numbers of larvae per fruit rather than on numbers of infested fruit. Field trials will be conducted. 相似文献
16.
F. Baghbani-arani F. Roohvandv M. R. Aghasadeghi A. Eidi S. Amini F. Motevalli S. M. Sadat A. Memarnejadian G. Khalili 《Molecular Biology》2012,46(2):226-235
Genome of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains a long open reading frame encoding a polyprotein that is cleaved into 10 proteins.
Recently, a novel, so called “ARFP/F”, or “core+1,” protein, which is expressed through a ribosomal frame shift within the
capsid-coding sequence, has been described. Herein, to produce and characterize a recombinant form of this protein, the DNA
sequence corresponding to the ARFP/F protein (amino acid 11–161) was amplified using a frame-shifted forward primer exploiting
the capsid sequence of the lb-subtype as a template. The amplicon was cloned into the pET-24a vector and expressed in different
Escherichia coli strains. The expressed protein (mostly as insoluble inclusion bodies) was purified under denaturing conditions on a nickel-nitrilotriacetic
acid (Ni-NTA) affinity column in a single step with a yield of 5 mg/L of culture media. After refolding steps, characterization
of expressed ARFP/F was performed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay using specific antibodies. Antigenic properties of the
protein were verified by ELISA using HCV-infected human sera and by its ability for a strong and specific interaction with
sera of mice immunized with the peptide encoding a dominant ARFP/F B-cell epitope. The antigenicity plot revealed 3 major
antigenic domains in the first half of the ARFP/F sequence. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the ARFP/F protein elicited high
titers of IgG indicating the relevance of produced protein for induction of a humoral response. In conclusion, possibility
of ARFP/F expression with a high yield and immunogenic potency of this protein in a mouse model have been demonstrated. 相似文献
17.
C. Douglas Boyette Mark A. Weaver Robert E. Hoagland Kenneth C. Stetina 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(11):2721-2726
A mycelial formulation of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (IMI 361690) containing 0.20% Silwet L-77 surfactant was found to be highly efficacious in controlling the exotic invasive
weed kudzu. The mycelium can be rapidly (48–72 h) produced in several media, including an inexpensive soy flour–corn meal
medium. Mycelial yields were 2, 10, and 25 g dry weight l−1 in Czapek-Dox, Richard’s V-8, and soy flour–corn meal media, respectively. Scale-up production in soy flour–corn meal medium
using laboratory fermenters (10–25 l), resulted in a mycelial formulation that caused 90% mortality of naturally-occurring
mature (0.9–1.0 m in height) kudzu within 48 h after application in field experiments. HPLC analyses revealed that the mycelium
produced in this liquid culture contained no detectable amounts of the trichothecene mycotoxins roridin A and verrucarin A
(limit of detection 2 μg ml−1). This has resulted in a safer, yet effective bioherbicidal product. We anticipate that these findings should improve the
probability of EPA registration and subsequent commercial development of this bioherbicide. 相似文献
18.
19.
Esther E. Uchendu Gopinadhan Paliyath Dan C. W. Brown Praveen K. Saxena 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(6):710-718
North American ginseng (NAG) (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a medicinally important plant with multiple uses in the natural health product industry. As seed propagation is time-consuming
because of the slow growth cycle of the plant, in vitro propagation using a bioreactor system was evaluated as an effective approach to accelerate plant production. An efficient
method was developed to multiply nodal explants of NAG using liquid-culture medium and a simple temporary immersion culture
vessel. The effects of plant growth regulators, phenolics, and chemical additives (activated charcoal, melatonin, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone,
and ascorbic acid) were evaluated on in vitro-grown NAG plants. The highest number (12) of shoots per single node was induced in half-strength Schenk and Hildebrandt basal
medium containing 2.5 mg/l kinetin, in which 81% of the cultured nodes responded. In a culture medium with 0.5 mg/l α-naphthalene
acetic acid (NAA), roots were induced in 78% of the explants compared to 50% with a medium containing indole-3-acetic acid.
All of the resulting plants appeared phenotypically normal, and 93% of the rooted plants were established in the greenhouse.
Phenolic production increased significantly (P < 0.05) over a 4-wk culture period with a negative impact on growth and proliferation. Activated charcoal (AC; 50 mg/l) significantly
reduced total phenolic content and was the most effective treatment for increasing shoot proliferation. Shoot production increased
as the phenolic content of the cultures decreased. The most effective treatment for NAG development from cultured nodal explants
in the bioreactor was 2.5 mg/l kinetin, 0.5 mg/l NAA, and 50 mg/l AC in liquid culture medium. This protocol may be useful
in providing NAG tissues or plants for a range of ginseng-based natural health products. 相似文献
20.
Xiao-Long Huang Bo Yang Chun-Gen Hu Jia-Ling Yao 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(2):209-215
Inflorescence induction and morphogenesis of regenerated flowers were investigated in vitro in Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. Inflorescence induction was influenced by the type and concentration of phytohormones. When floral bud explants
were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog medium containing a combination of 2.0 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine and 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid, the highest frequency of inflorescence induction was observed. However, in the presence of gibberellic
acid, induction efficiency was reduced although node length of inflorescence was increased. Ontogenetic studies revealed that
the inflorescence primordia originated directly from axillary epidermal cells of the perianth and bract of the explants after
7 days. In vitro, male flowers developed normally and blossomed after 90–100 days. In addition, some bisexual flowers were
observed. These results demonstrated that there were differences in sexual differentiation of floral buds in vitro compared
with that in vivo. 相似文献