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1.
Effect of phytohormones on fiber initiation of cotton ovule 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Haiping Zhang Mingyan Shao Zhijun Qiao Shuna Yuan Xuede Wang Shuijin Hua 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(5):979-986
In order to study the effect of phytohormones on cotton fiber initiation, contents of four endogenous phytohormones and activities
of four related enzymes in ovules (in vivo) of a fuzzless–lintless mutant (fl) and its wild-type (FL) line were measured from
4 days before anthesis (day −4) to 4 days after anthesis (day 4). The results showed that contents of indole-3-acetic acid,
gibberellic acid (GA), and zeatin riboside in fl ovules were lower than those in FL ovules. Therefore, indole-3-acetic acid,
GA, and zeatin riboside were thought to be the promoters of fiber initiation. Although abscisic acid (ABA) content in fl ovule
was slightly higher than that in FL ovule on day 0, which might imply that ABA inhibited fiber initiation. Fiber initiation
could also be influenced by enzyme through regulating synthesis and degradation of related phytohormones since fl ovules were
significantly higher in activities of indole-3-acetic acid oxidase, cytokinin oxidase and peroxidase, but lower in activity
of tryptophan synthetase than those in FL ovules. To test the above hypothesis, exogenous plant growth regulators were also
applied for the culture of ovules from fl and FL in vitro. When no regulators were added, no fiber was induced on fl ovule,
but a few fibers were induced in FL ovule. Higher total fiber units (TFU) were observed when indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic
acid (GA3) were applied either separately or in combination to media. TFU did not increased with zeatin riboside alone, but the highest
TFU was achieved when zeatin riboside was applied together with indole-3 acetic acid and GA3, which implied that fiber initiation could be promoted by them as additive. 相似文献
2.
Summary Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits in vitro growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber and is effective only when applied during the first four days of culture started on the day of anthesis. Abscisic acid causes a small increase in potassium uptake by the ovules and also enhances leakage of potassium from them. During their period of rapid growth, fibers produced by ABA-treated ovules have a higher potassium content and a lower malate content as compared to fibers on untreated control ovules. Results are discussed in the light of earlier reports on the in vitro growth of cotton fiber and effects of abscisic acid on other plant tissues. It is suggested that ABA inhibits fiber growth, in part, by interfering with malate metabolism.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- TFU
total fiber units 相似文献
3.
Endogenous levels of cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA) were determined in ovules of normal cotton (TM-1) and four fiber differentiation
mutants (n2, Ligon lintless, H10, and Xu142) before and after flowering by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The fluctuation
patterns of ABA levels in ovules of normal cotton and mutants were similar. At the fiber elongation stage, ABA content was
low, and from 1 day after flowering, the ABA content decreased steadily. On the other hand, the peaks of isopentenyladenine
and isopentenyladenosine in ovules of TM-1 were observed 1 day before flowering. The level of cytokinins decreased after flowering
in TM-1, whereas in the mutants it increased steadily. These results indicate that endogenous ABA is probably not the main
inhibitor for fiber elongation and that endogenous cytokinins likely play a dual role in fiber development. Before flowering,
cytokinins function as one of the stimuli for the initiation of fibers, but after flowering, cytokinins inhibit fiber growth.
Received February 18, 1997; accepted June 11, 1997 相似文献
4.
Endogenous hormonal content and somatic embryogenic capacity of Corylus avellana L. cotyledons 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins [zeatin (Z) zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin, dihydrozeatin
riboside, N6-isopentenyl adenine (iP) and N6-isopentenyladenine riboside] were evaluated in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cotyledons of different developmental stage and genetic source for their somatic embryogenic capacity. There was an inverse
correlation between the embryogenic potential of cotyledons and the degree of maturity of zygotic embryos, the first characteristic
being associated with iP-type cytokinins and the second with Z-type cytokinins. Although the differences in total cytokinin,
ABA and IAA contents between the cotyledons were small, the IAA/ABA and, mainly, the iP-type/Z-type cytokinin ratios were
found to be two good indexes of the embryogenic competence of explants, suggesting that the endogenous hormonal balance is
a very important factor defining the in vitro potential of hazelnut cotyledons.
Received: 6 January 1997 / Revision received: 3 March 1997 / Accepted 1 April 1997 相似文献
5.
S. T. C. Wright 《Planta》1980,148(4):381-388
Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits the production of ethylene induced by water stress in excised wheat leaves and counteracts the stimulatory effect of 6-benzyladenine (BA) on this process. The stimulatory effect of BA and the inhibitory effect of ABA were equally pronounced whether external or endogenous ethylene levels were determined. When leaves were sprayed or floated on solutions of BA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), or ABA, the relative activities of these growth regulators on stress-induced ethylene at 10-4 mol l-1 were BA>IAA >GA3>controls>ABA. In non-stressed leaves, however, where the levels of ethylene produced were 2–20 times smaller, the relative activities were IAA >BA>GA3>controls>ABA. The effects of BA and ABA spray treatment on water stress induced ethylene were closely similar whether the solutions were applied 2 or 18 h prior to the initiation of water stress. The relationships between the levels of endogenous growth regulators in the plant and ethylene release induced by water stress are discussed.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- ABA
abscisic acid
- GLC
gas-liquid chromatography
- leaf
leaf water potential 相似文献
6.
Nicolás F. Villacorta Helena Fernández Els Prinsen Pablo L. Bernad M. Ángeles Revilla 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2008,27(1):93-98
Changes in gibberellins (GAs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and cytokinins associated with the transition from vegetative growth
to reproductive growth in Humulus lupulus L. buds and leaves harvested at fortnight intervals were studied. During vegetative growth, GA1 increased gradually and the lowest content was observed during flower development. Both GA3 and GA4 showed a dramatic increase in the samples taken from the apical part of axillary branches from plants 4–5 m high, which corresponds
to the maximum vegetative development prior to macroscopically visible inflorescences. Notable increases in the cytokinins
trans-zeatin (t-Z), isopentenyladenine (iP), and the riboside and ribotide forms of iP were also obtained. The auxin, indole-3-acetic acid,
was the most abundant plant hormone, and its content was highest during vegetative growth. These results show for the first
time a relationship between endogenous hormone profiles and both vegetative and reproductive development in hop plants, which
may be relevant for future research on the control of the flowering by exogenous hormone applications. 相似文献
7.
Effect of applied and internal hormones on vitrification and apical necrosis of different plants cultured in vitro 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Natalia V. Kataeva Irena G. Alexandrova Raisa G. Butenko Elena V. Dragavtceva 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1991,27(2):149-154
Development of vitrification and apical necrosis was followed in Camellia sinensis, Gerbera jamesonii, Malus domestica and hybrid Populus tremula x P. alba shoots cultured in vitro on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of growth regulators. High humidity in the culture vessels and excess of BA in the medium were found to be the major factors influencing vitrification. Lack of exogenous cytokinin in the medium during successive subcultures induced apical necrosis in poor-rooting species (Malus domestica, Camellia sinensis). The level of internal phytohormones (ABA, IAA, IPA, 2iP, Z, ZR) was determined in the apple shoots by means of ELISA. The content of internal cytokinins in the vitrified apple shoots was several times greater than in normal ones, which supports the hypothesis that excess of cytokinins, inducing rapid divisions of cells in meristems in the atmosphere with high humidity, is responsible for vitrification. Apical necrosis of the plantlets that appeared after cultivation on cytokinin-free medium is the result of deficiency in endogenous hormones in apple shoots and this being confirmed by analysis of endogenous hormones in apple shoots.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- BHT
butylated hydroxy-toluene
- ABA
abscisic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- IPA
isopentenyladenosine
- 2iP
isopentenyladenine
- NAA
naphthyl-3-acetic acid
- TBS
trishydroxymethylaminomethane buffered saline
- TLC
thin layer chromatography
- Z
zeatin
- ZR
zeatin riboside 相似文献
8.
Vishal Gupta Manoj Kumar Harshad Brahmbhatt C.R.K. Reddy Abhiram Seth Bhavanath Jha 《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry》2011,49(11):1259-1263
A simple and rapid HPLC-based method was developed for simultaneous determination of major classes of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in Monostroma and different species of Ulva. The plant growth regulators determined included gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), salicylic acid and kinetin riboside (KR) and their respective elution time was 2.75, 3.3, 3.91, 4.95, 5.39 and 6.59 min. The parameters optimized for distinct separation of PGRs were mobile phase (60:40 methanol and 0.6% acetic acid in water), column temperature (35 °C) and flow rate (1 ml/min). This method presented an excellent linearity (0.2–100 μg/ml) with limit of detection (LOD) as 0.2 μg/ml for ABA, 0.5 μg/ml for KR and salicylic acid, and 1 μg/ml for IAA, IBA and GA3. The precision and accuracy of the method was evaluated after inter and intra day analysis in triplicates. The effect of plant matrix was compensated after spiking and the resultant recoveries estimated were in the range of 80–120%. Each PGR thereby detected were further characterized by ESI-MS analysis. The method optimized in this study determined IBA along with IAA for the first time in the seaweed species investigated except Ulva linza where the former was not detected. In all the species studied, ABA level was detected to be the highest while kinetin riboside was the lowest. In comparison to earlier methods of PGR analysis, sample preparation and analysis time were substantially reduced while allowing determination of more classes of PGRs simultaneously. 相似文献
9.
Determination of phytohormones in phloem exudate from tree species by radioimmunoassay 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was used to determine quantitatively four of the most important phytohormones in the phloem exudate from 14 different tree species of 8 genera. For cytokinins and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) we found higher concentrations than those reported previously for other species. The gibberellin values were of the same order of magnitude as in earlier analyses (with different methods) of tree phloem exudates, but lower than the ones reported for Ricinus. Free abscisic acid (ABA) was found in tree phloem exudates in similar concentrations as before in Yucca or palm phloem exudate, but at considerably lower ones than reported for Ricinus and in Lupinus phloem exudate.Abbreviations IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- ABA
abscisic acid
- GA
gibberellic acid 相似文献
10.
The effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin on the hydrolytic activity of proton pumps (adenosine triphosphatase, H+-ATPase, pyrophosphatase, H+-PPase) of tonoplasts isolated from stored red beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Bordo) roots were studied. Results suggest that the phytohormones can regulate the hydrolytic activities of H+-ATPase and H+-PPase of the vacuolar membrane. Each of the proton pumps of the tonoplast has its own regulators in spite of similar localization and functions. IAA and kinetin seem to be regulators of the hydrolytic activity for H+-PPase whereas for H+-ATPase it may be GA3. Stimulation of enzyme activity by all hormones occurred at concentrations of 10–6 to 10–7
M.Abbreviations IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- ABA
abscisic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- H+-ATPase
adenosine triphosphatase
- H+-PPase
pyrophosphatase
- ATP
adenosine triphosphate
- Tris
Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane
- MES
(2[N-Morpholino]) ethane sulfonic acid
- EDTA
ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- Pi
inorganic phosphate 相似文献
11.
V. Menéndez Y. Abul B. Bohanec F. Lafont H. Fernández 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(6):2493-2500
The fern Asplenium nidus L. is in great demand as an ornamental plant. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of phytohormones in promoting
a gametophytic and sporophytic growth in homogenized sporophytes tissue. Exogenous application of 0.5 and 5 μM N
6-benzyladenine, 0.05 and 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 0.3 and 3 μM gibberellic acid (GA3) favoured sporophyte regeneration, whereas gametophyte regeneration took place when plant material was cultured in a hormone-free
liquid MS medium. The endogenous contents of the auxin IAA, the cytokinins trans-zeatin, trans-zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin, dihydrozeatin riboside, isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladenosine, and the gibberellins
GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7, GA9 and GA20 in growing gametophytes and sporophytes were evaluated. Similar levels of the auxin and cytokinins and qualitative differences
in the gibberellins were found between both generations. 相似文献
12.
During the entire period of internode growth of Merremia emarginata contents of gibberellic acid (GA3), phenyl-acetic acid (PAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, free and conjugated) and abscisic acid (ABA, free and conjugated)
were estimated by ELISA using polyclonal antibodies raised against each hormones. At the time of internode elongation free
auxin content was low and increased with the decrease in the rate of elongation. In contrast, conjugated IAA showed declining
trend where free IAA content was remarkably high, suggesting thereby that conjugated IAA might have mobilized during the later
phase of internode development. The endogenous GA3 contents were high as compared to other hormones; however, no significant role of GA3 was discernible in elongation growth. Conjugated ABA contents remained very low during the elongation growth and increased
thereafter. 相似文献
13.
Hormone Levels and Apical Dominance in the Aquatic Fern Marsilea drummondii A. Br 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Terminal buds and successively subjacent lateral buds of the water fern, Marsilea drummondii, were examined to determine the pattern of hormone distribution in relation to apical dominance. Quantitative levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin and zeatin riboside (Z and ZR), and isopentenyladenosine (iPA) were determined by a solid-phase immunoassay using polycional antihormone antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used following a one-step HPLC purification procedure to obtain the free hormones. Active shoot apices contained the most IAA and Z-type cytokinins and inhibited buds the least. No significant differences in ABA levels were found leading to the conclusion that ABA did not play any role in apical dominance. The normal precedence of the most rapid outgrowth of the youngest inhibited bud as observed previously in decapitated plants was well correlated with its very high level of iPA observed in this study. The same phenomenon was observed in the median buds but with a weaker amplitude. The presence of this storage form could indicate that a bud at its entry into quiescence eventually looses the ability to hydroxylate iPA to Z-type cytokinins when it is fully inhibited. IAA and Z + ZR are concluded to be essential for lateral bud growth. 相似文献
14.
Ângelo Kidelman Dantas de Oliveira Ma Jesús Cañal Ma Luz Centeno Isabel Feito Belén Fernández 《Plant Growth Regulation》1997,22(3):169-174
Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (zeatin, zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin, (diH)Z, dihydrozeatin riboside, (diH)[9R]Z, N6-isopentenyl adenine and N6-isopentenil adenine riboside) levels were evaluated in normal (N) and hyperhydric (H) microplants of Dianthus caryophyllus cultured under different aeration conditions in hormone-free liquid medium. The morphological differences between N and H explants grown under ventilated conditions were correlated with differences in their endogenous hormonal levels: after 15 and 30 days of culture, H explants showed lower IAA and ABA contents than N explants, as well as higher cytokinin levels, mainly of (diH)Z and (diH)[9R]Z. This was associated with less tissue differentiation and with an inability of H microplants to survive under ex vitro conditions. However, these relationships could not be observed between H and N explants grown under non-ventilated conditions probably due to the difficulty in discerning the plant status (N or H) and therefore, an underestimation of H microplants. This assumption is supported by the low ability for acclimatization to ex vitro of N plants grown without ventilation. 相似文献
15.
Hao Zhang Guilu Tan Linian Yang Jianchang Yang Jianhua Zhang Buhong Zhao 《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry》2009,47(3):195-204
Grain filling is usually not adequate in later-flowering inferior spikelets in japonica/indica (J/I) hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) although it shows stronger hybrid vigor than indica/indica (I/I) hybrid. This study investigated the potential causes by examining changes in zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GAs, GA1 + GA4), and abscisic acid (ABA) in spikelets and roots during the grain filling period. The inferior spikelets of J/I hybrid exhibited low rate of endosperm cell division and slow grain filling. During the early grain filing period, they had less Z + ZR, IAA, and ABA, but more GAs, than the earlier-flowering superior spikelets. If compared to the inferior spikelets of the I/I hybrid, the J/I inferior spikelets also had less Z + ZR, IAA, and ABA. Rates of endosperm cell division and grain filling were positively and significantly correlated with Z + ZR and ABA contents in both grains and roots or IAA in grains, whereas not significantly correlated with GAs either in grains or roots or IAA in roots. Applications of kinetin, IAA, or ABA to spikelets, or kinetin and ABA to roots, enhanced cell division and grain filling in the inferior spikelets. Results suggest that low contents of cytokinins and ABA in both grains and roots and low contents of IAA in grains may result in the poor filling of inferior spikelets in the J/I hybrid. 相似文献
16.
XueMei Li LiHong Zhang YueYing Li LianJu Ma Qiang Chen Lan Lan Wang XingYuan He 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(1):129-136
Four-year-old Gingko (Ginkgo biloba L.) trees were exposed to ambient and elevated concentrations of CO2 and O3, and their combination for 1 year, using open-top chambers in Shenyang, China in 2006. Growth parameters and endogenous plant
hormones were measured simultaneously over the experiment period. Elevated CO2 increased leaf area and leaf dry weight but had no effect on shoot length, increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins
A3 (GA3), zeatin riboside (ZR), dihydrozeatin (DHZR) and isopentenyl-adenosine (iPA) content but decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content.
Elevated O3 significantly decreased leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot length, and decreased IAA, GA3, ZR content but increased ABA content and had a little effect on iPA, DHZR content. Elevated CO2 + O3 decreased IAA, iPA and DHZR content while increased ABA and GA3 content in the early stage of the exposure and then decreased in the late stage. The evidence from this study indicates that
elevated CO2 ameliorated the effects of elevated ozone on tree growth, and elevated CO2 may have a largely positive impact on forest tree growth while elevated O3 will likely have a negative impact. 相似文献
17.
EVERAT-BOURBOULOUX A.; FLEURAT-LESSARD P.; ROBLIN G. 《Journal of experimental botany》1990,41(3):315-324
Effects of plant hormones were examined on the dark- and light-inducedmovements of Cassia fasciculata. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) inhibitedthe scotonastic movement whereas abscisic acid (ABA) enhancedit. After brief treatments (5 to 30 min), the ABA effect wasinhibitory rather than promotional. Hormonal treatment in theacidic range gave the best physiological response for ABA, butthe greatest efficiency of IAA, GA3 and 6-BAP was obtained withpH values close to neutrality. Three to 5 h were needed beforeexpression of the physiological effect triggered by GA3 and6-BAP, while 5 min treatments were sufficient for IAA and ABA.Light-induced movements were largely enhanced by IAA and slightlyby GA3 but inhibited by 6-BAP and ABA. The results are discussedin relation to the ionic changes in the pulvinar motor cells,regulating leaflet movements. Key words: Abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, pulvinar movements 相似文献
18.
Aneta Ivanova Margarita Velcheva Plamen Denchev Atanas Atanassov Henri A. Van Onckelen 《Physiologia plantarum》1994,92(1):85-89
Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and cytokinins (zeatin, zeatin riboside, N-isopentenyladenine and N-isopentenyladenosine) were evaluated in initial explants (leaves) of in vitro propagated plants of alfalfa ( Medicago falcata L.) lines varying in embryogenic capacity and during the somatic embryogenesis process. Fast embryo-genic induction was correlated with high IAA and low ABA levels in the initial explants. No significant differences were observed in the cytokinin contents. Our results suggest that a certain hormone balance is necessary to allow the expression of the embryogenic potential. The consistent stages of the direct somatic embryogenesis are also characterized by changes in hormonal levels. 相似文献
19.
Ultrastructural alterations in mesophyll cells as well as variations in bulk leaf endogenous ABA and IAA concentrations were studied in water-stressed field-grown plants of Fatsia japonica. Under water deficit cellular membranes were modified and an increase in vesicles was observed. The main damage to the chloroplasts included thylakoid swelling and disruption of the chloroplast envelope. Concomitant variations in abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid were observed. Despite the expected increased in endogenous ABA concentration in relation to water stress, after the highest concentration of ABA, observed at predawn in severely stressed plants (29-1), there was a sharp decline from 2768 pmol g fw–1 to 145 pmol g fw–1; thus in severely stressed plants ABA levels were not related to changes in bulk leaf ABA contents. Water stress did not influence the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid, although the increase in the endogenous abscisic acid concentration could be related with the ultrastructural changes.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
-
leaf water potential 相似文献
20.
A number of studies have used microspore-derived embryos (MDEs) as amodel for examining a range of processes, including hormonal regulation ofembryo development. We examined the hormonal physiology of MDEs with theprimaryobjective of testing the validity of using the MDE system as a model forhormonally-regulated development in zygotic embryos, through late stages. To dothis we identified and quantified endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA),indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and a number of gibberellins (GAs), includingGA19, GA20, GA1 and GA8 in bothMDEsand zygotic embryos. The presence of GA19, together with itsC19 metabolites indicates that the early-13 hydroxylation pathway isoperative in both embryo systems. Gibberellins A4 and GA9were also identified, thereby confirming the presence of the earlynon-hydroxylation pathway in B. napus MDEs and zygoticembryos. In general, the pattern of change of hormone (ABA, IAA, GA1and GA20) content per embryo through embryogenesis was similar forMDEs and zygotic embryos. Indole-3-acetic acid and GA1 increased toamaximum at day 30 after culture (DAC) before decreasing. Abscisicacid levels increased to a maximum at day 35, and declined in zygoticembryos but not in MDEs. GA20 increased to the final harvest atmaturity, or day 40. The absolute content (g/embryo) of each hormone, howeverwas appreciably lower (5- to 15- fold) in the MDEs. This was not the result ofdilution into surrounding medium for ABA or IAA; GA1, however, didaccumulate in the medium. Although there were absolute quantitative differencesin the levels of IAA and ABA found in the two embryo systems, the similaritiesin the pattern of hormone changes suggests that the MDE system can serve as auseful model for examining the physiological roles of hormones duringembryogenesis. 相似文献