镍与植物生长

美国植物生理学家Ross M.welch说:植物必须有镍才能完成生活周期,产生有活力的种子,以及最大限度地利用其他元素,例如铁。他指出:镍是植物尿素酶的组成部分,而植物只有借助于尿素酶才能分解化肥尿素,以便利用其中的氮。当大豆、豌豆、豇豆、番茄、水稻、烟草和浮萍等以尿素作为唯一的氮源时,都需要有活性的尿素酶,因而也需要有镍,才能利用尿素中的氮。由此可见,镍是植物的必需元素之一。     

镍—植物必需金属元素

据美国“Science News”1992年12月19日和26日合刊1992年重要科技新闻概要专集报道,美国农业部的科学家正式宣布镍对植物的生长和繁殖都是极其重要而必不可少的。这是38年来第一次增加的植物必需矿质元素种类。     

急性心肌梗塞患者血清镍升高

山东医科大学的季祥武等对24例急性心肌梗塞患者分别于发病的第1、2、3、4、7、14、30天时各取静脉血测定镍作动态观察,结果发现血清镍干发病后12～36小时明显升高,第2天后始渐下降,但观察至30天仍高干正常组和冠心病组。此发现对急性心肌梗塞的诊断和病程随访右一定帮助。     

影响细菌浸出钴、镍黄铁矿中钴、镍的因子

钴、镍常与铜成共生矿物存在。人们多数在研究细菌浸铜时附带研究这两种金属的浸出。Duncan、Torma等采用细粒度(—325——400目)振荡通气法、Bosecker用摇瓶法浸镍,Torma在—400目的合成和天然硫化矿上采用类似方法浸钴取得了一些成绩。但对一些浸出规律如影响浸出的因子仍缺乏系统研究。我们用钴黄铁矿和镍黄铁矿做了这方面的研究。     

镍钛合金在医学上的应用

本文论述镍钛合金的制造加工及其与加工和热处理相关的特性,并详细论述它在医学上应用的可能性,如接骨板、骨髓钉、下颌骨合成材料和矫正脊柱侧弯材料的模拟实验。     

镍在植物生活中的作用

镍是一个广泛分布的元素,土壤中含有10～1,000ppm,平均40ppm。苏格兰某些田间作物曾因受镍毒而不能生长,由蛇纹石发育的土壤含有很高的镍,往往使作物中毒,但在这种土壤上生长的野生植物多是含镍高的和耐镍的。     

小球藻吸附镍离子的研究

在小球藻液中分别添加含不同浓度的Ni^2 ,NH4^ N,PO4^3--P溶液,研究小球藻吸附Ni2 的能力。实验结果表明,小球藻对Ni^2 的生物吸附经历了一快一慢两个过程。随着Ni^2 的浓度的增加,小球藻对Ni^2 的吸附量不断增加,在最佳pH为8.0-8.5的条件下,低氮磷浓度的组合,升高温度或加强光照有利于小球藻对Ni^2 的吸附。20℃和30℃下,小球藻对Ni^2 的吸附符合Fluendlich等温模型,小球藻在对数生长期时对Ni^2 的富集能力最强。     

镍对体外培养内皮细胞的影响

目的:研究不同浓度的镍对体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的影响。方法:用两种镍化合物(NiCl2·6H2O、NiSO4·6H2O)分别制成含Ni(Ⅱ)浓度为1000、500、250、125、62.5μmol/L及31.25μmol/L的溶液,作用于体外培养的HUVEC细胞株,72h后MTT法测试细胞增殖活性,确定NiCl2·6H2O与NiSO4·6H2O的TC50,并分别以TC50的Ni(Ⅱ)作用培养的HUVEC细胞株,MTT法检测不同时间点(24h、48h、72h、96h、120h)的细胞相对增殖活性;2,4-二硝基苯肼法检测作用72h时培养上清液及细胞裂解液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量,计算Ni(Ⅱ)化合物作用下细胞LDH的释放率,评价Ni(Ⅱ)对其影响;HE常规染色观察两种镍化合物作用72h后的细胞形态;AnnexinV-FITC/PI双标记流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果:两种化合物作用HUVEC细胞TC50为125μmol/L,随着浓度的不断增加,细胞毒性增强;同一浓度的Ni(Ⅱ)对细胞活性的影响随着作用时间增加而增强;两种镍化合物对细胞LDH释放率的影响无明显差异(P>0.05);NiSO4·6...     

镍污染对土壤微生物的生态效应

镍是高等植物和某些微生物必需的微量营养元素之一,在它们的生命活动中起着重要作用;但浓度较高时,也是一种极毒元素。大量的研究表明,镍污染土壤中微生物的生长、代谢、群落结构和种群多样性会受到不同程度的影响;微生物在长期受重金属威迫的环境中形成其适应性。利用微生物形成的这种适应机制,采用微生物技术治理重金属污染的土壤是可能的。本文还对镍污染土壤的微生物评价指标体系、土壤环境容量、微生物技术开发和综合治理技术开发等的进一步研究作了展望。     

镍在植物生命活动中的作用

FunctionsofNickelinPlantsFUHul－Hua,WANGYu,TIANGTing－Liang（许你MofBmp,CedndChaaN～U。。…,Who430070）提要介绍了镍在植物生命活动中的作用以及植物对镍的吸收、运输与分布的研究情况,并对这一问题的研究前景作了一些分析。自从1855年Forchhamer”喀次发现植物中存在镍以来,人们对镍在植物中的作用进行了许多研究。70年代已经明确,镍是某些低等植物,如细菌、蓝藻和绿藻的必需微量元素。l,5,33］。DIX00“’‘报道了高等植物中第,个含镍酶——刀豆脱酶。脉酶专一性地分解肥,在植物氮代谢中具有重要功能,从…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.